脂欣康对ApoE基因敲除小鼠海马形态学及胆碱乙酰转移酶和突触素表达的影响

目的研究脂欣康对ApoE基因敲除(ApoEKO)小鼠海马形态学及脑胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)和突触素(P38)表达的影响。方法以ApoEKO小鼠为研究对象,随机分为ApoEKO组、脂欣康组、联合干预组,分别给予生理盐水、脂欣康、脂欣康+维生素E灌胃,每日一次,连续灌胃60d,以同龄C57BL/6J小鼠作为正常对照组,之后将所有小鼠断头处死,采用HE染色观察各组小鼠海马神经元组织形态学改变,采用免疫组化技术与计算机图像分析技术检测ApoEKO小鼠海马内ChAT和P38的表达。结果与C57BL/6J小鼠相比,ApoEKO组小鼠海马区神经细胞结构破坏,ChAT阳性神经细胞数目与P38阳性染色颗粒明显减少,染色变浅,ChAT与P38平均灰度值明显增高(P<0.05)。干预组的反应结果介于两者之间,联合干预组表达优于脂欣康组。结论脂欣康能够减轻ApoEKO小鼠海马区神经损害,增强ChAT与P38的表达,与维生素E间有协同作用。     

Neuroendocrine cells in the dental pulp in health and disease

Neuroendocrine cells were identified in human dental pulp by immunohistochemical method using monoclonal antibodies. A population of neuroendocrine cells positively reacting to neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and stained with paraldehyde-fuchsin, was detected in the subodontoblastic layer of the pulp. Changes in their count, morphology, and function in caries and pulpitis concomitant with periodontitis were proven. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 9, pp. 320–323, September, 2007     

Membrane permeability-guided identification of neuroprotective components from Polygonum cuspidatun

Context: Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb et Zucc. (Polygonaceae) possesses various pharmacological activities and has been widely using as one of the most popular and valuable Chinese herbal medicines in clinics. Its usage has increasingly attracted much of our attention and urges investigation on its bioactive components.

Objective: To establish a rapid and valid approach for screening potential neuroprotective components from P. cuspidatum.

Materials and methods: Potential neuroprotective components from P. cuspidatum were screened utilizing liposome equilibrium dialysis followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Their neuroprotective effects on modulation of protein expression of α7 nAChR, α3 nAChR and synaptophysin (SPY) on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) were evaluated by means of Western blotting.

Results: Two potential compounds, polydatin (C1) and emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside (C2), were detected and identified in our study. The biological tests showed that both compounds C1 and C2, respectively, at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.25?mg/mL significantly increased protein expression of α7 and α3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, C1 and C2 at 0.1?mg/mL significantly reversed the Aβ_1-42-induced decrease of α7 and α3 nAChRs protein expression in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, C2 at 0.1?mg/mL significantly increased protein expression of SPY in SH-SY5Y cells and Aβ_1-42-induced SH-SY5Y cells whereas C1 did not provide any positive effects.

Discussion and conclusion: In conclusion, our approach utilizing liposome equilibrium dialysis combined with HPLC analysis and cell-based assays is a prompt and useful method for screening neuroprotective agents.     

灵芝三萜对癫痫大鼠学习记忆损伤的效果

目的 研究灵芝三萜对戊四氮致痫大鼠认知功能的影响及其作用机制。方法 75只Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为空白对照组、癫痫模型组、灵芝三萜组、外源性单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂(GM1)组和灵芝三萜联合GM1组,每组15只。除空白对照组外,其余各组用戊四氮35 mg/kg腹腔注射,每天1次,持续28 d。各用药组在每天腹腔注射戊四氮的同时进行相应给药。造模后,行Morris水迷宫测试;HE染色及透射电镜观察海马神经元;实时定量聚合酶链反应检测大鼠海马肌动蛋白结合蛋白(Cofilin)、突触素(SYN)、神经生长相关蛋白43 (GAP-43)的mRNA表达水平。结果 与空白对照组比较,各时间点癫痫模型组逃避潜伏期延长(P < 0.05);与癫痫模型组比较,各用药组逃避潜伏期均缩短,部分时间点有显著性差异( P < 0.05)。与癫痫模型组比较,各用药组穿越平台次数明显增多( P < 0.01),在目标象限停留时间明显延长( P < 0.01)。各用药组海马神经元数增加,核溶解碎裂减少,核膜结构较清楚,突触小泡增多,突触数量增加,细胞器结构有所改善。与空白对照组相比,癫痫模型组Cofilin mRNA水平上调( P < 0.05),SYN mRNA和GAP-43 mRNA水平降低( P < 0.05);与癫痫模型组比较,各用药组Cofilin mRNA表达水平降低( P < 0.05),SYN mRNA表达水平升高( P < 0.05),仅灵芝三萜联合GM1组GAP-43 mRNA升高( P < 0.05)。 结论 灵芝三萜和GM1及两者联合用药均可改善癫痫大鼠的学习记忆能力及神经元形态结构,其机制可能与影响海马突触生长重塑相关基因表达有关,以达到保护大脑神经元的作用。     

电针对SAMP8小鼠皮质及海马突触素和突触后致密物-95表达的影响

目的 观察电针对SAMP8小鼠皮质及海马突触素(SYN)和突触后致密物-95(PSD-95)表达的影响,探讨电针治疗阿尔茨海默病的介入时机.方法 SAMP8小鼠48只随机分为模型组、3月龄电针组、6月龄电针组和9月龄电针组,每组12只,选取同龄正常老化SAMR1小鼠12只为对照组.电针组电针"百会""大椎""肾俞",频...     

肺腺癌神经内分泌分化的生物学特性

目的探讨肺腺癌伴神经内分泌(neuroendocrine NE)分化的生物学特性。方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测47例肺腺癌神经内分泌标记物的表达。结果肺腺癌组织中NE标记物神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和突触素(Syn)的阳性表达率分别为63.83%、44.68%,均显著高于正常组织(P<0.01)。肺腺癌伴NE分化与肺癌的淋巴结转移、分化程度无关。NSE的表达在死亡组显著高于生存组(P<0.05)。结论肺腺癌伴有NE分化与生存时间呈负相关,与淋巴结转移和分化程度无相关性。     

Effects of metformin on recognition memory and hippocampal neuroplasticity in rats with metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a health problem that is characterized by body fat accumulation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia; recently, it has been demonstrated that MS also damages memory processes. The first-line drug in the treatment of MS and type 2 diabetes mellitus is metformin, which is an antihyperglycemic agent. This drug has been shown to produce neuroprotection and to improve memory processes. However, the mechanism involved in this neuroprotection is unknown. A 90-day administration of metformin improved the cognitive processes of rats with MS as evaluated by the novel object recognition test, and this finding could be explained by an increase in the neuronal spine density and spine length. We also found that metformin increased the immunoreactivity of synaptophysin, sirtuin-1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and brain-derived neuronal factor, which are important plasticity markers. We conclude that metformin is an important therapeutic agent that increases neural plasticity and protects cognitive processes. The use of this drug is important in the minimization of the damage caused by MS.     

Treatment with phytoestrogen alpha-zearalanol might protect neurons of hippocampus in ovariectomized rats

Although neuroprotective effects of estrogen on postmenopausal women have been recognized, an associated increased incidence of uterine and breast tumors has jeopardized the clinical use of estrogen. This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of a novel phytoestrogen α-zearalanol (α-ZAL), on ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Adult Wistar rats were ovariectomized or sham-operated and treatment with equivalent doses of 17β-estradiol or α-ZAL for 5 wk. Uteruses have been weighted and stained by hematoxylin and eosin for morphology analysis. The expression of synaptophysin and parvalbumin in hippocampus were evaluated by immunohistochemistry assays. Our experiments indicated that the synaptophysin and paravalbuminpositive areas were significantly decreased in the OVX group compared to the sham group, α-ZAL or 17β-estradiol administration can reverse the effects. Although α-ZAL and 17β-estradiol treatments reconciled uterus weight loss which was induced by ovariectomy, the effect of α-ZAL was less than 17β-estradiol. This result suggests that α-ZAL may effectively abate neurons loss in the hippocampus while slightly promoting weight gain of the uterus. Yi-Long Dong and Yun Yue contributed equally to this work.     

突触可塑性在血管性认知障碍中的作用

突触损伤在血管性认知障碍(vascular cognitive impairment, VCT)发病的早期即存在,与认知功能障碍关系密切,其具体机制尚不明确.研究突触形态结构的可塑性、突触传递效能的可塑性以及突触蛋白在VCI发病中的作用和机制,有助于进一步阐明VCI的发病机制,从而更有效地防治VCI.