硝苯地平缓释片联合吲达帕胺治疗原发性高血压的临床疗效观察

目的观察硝苯地平缓释片联合吲达帕胺治疗原发性高血压的疗效。方法 56例经确诊的原发性高血压患者按照入院先后顺序分为A组(硝苯地平缓释片联合吲达帕胺治疗)28例和B组(单用硝苯地平缓释片治疗)28例,比较两组治疗后血压控制效果。结果治疗后2个月评价两组的疗效,A组总有效率达92.9%,B组总有效率75.0%,两组总有效率比较,差异存在显著性(P<0.05)。A组患者治疗后SBP、DBP的变化较治疗前及B组改善更明显(P<0.05)。结论硝苯地平缓释片联合吲达帕胺二者联用治疗原发性高血压具有协同降压作用,且安全方便,值得广泛推广和应用。     

Comparison of platelet pellet and bioactive glass in periodontal regenerative therapy

Objective. In recent years, platelet-rich plasma combined with graft materials has been used for periodontal regeneration. The individual role of blood products with guided tissue regeneration in periodontal regenerative therapy is unclear and needs to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological effectiveness of platelet pellet/guided tissue regeneration (PP/GTR) and bioactive glass/GTR (BG/GTR) treatments in patients with periodontal disease.

Material and methods. Using a split mouth design, 15 chronic periodontitis patients with pocket depths?≥?6 mm following periodontal initial therapy were randomly assigned to treatment with a combination of PP/GTR or BG/GTR in contralateral dentition areas. An absorbable membrane of polylactic acid was used GTR. The criteria for the comparative study were preoperative and postoperative 6 months pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and radiological alveolar bone level.

Results. Both treatment modalities resulted in significant pocket depth reduction and gain in clinical attachment and alveolar bone level compared to the preoperative values (p<0.01). Reduction in pocket depth, gain in clinical attachment and alveolar bone level were 4(3–6), 4.1±0.7, 4.9±1.4 mm in the PP/GTR group and 4(3–7), 4.1±1.2, 5.9±1.7 mm in the BG/GTR group, respectively. The differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (p>0.05).

Conclusions. Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that PP may be effective as a bioactive glass graft material and used as a graft material for treating intrabony defects. PP thus appears to be a suitable alternative in the regenerative treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.     

胃滞留漂浮型缓控释制剂的研究概况

综述了胃滞留漂浮型缓控释给药系统的释药原理、漂浮性能的影响因素及制剂质量评价等方面的内容。根据近十年来国内外文献报道介绍胃滞留漂浮型缓控释制剂的研究进展情况，阐述了制剂主要适用于在胃部或者小肠上部有特定吸收或具有专属性治疗等药物，通过延长药物在胃肠道内的滞留时间来提高药物的生物利用度和有效性；因此该制剂具有广阔的发展前景。     

生长因子缓释微球的制备及其对内皮细胞的影响

目的:制备碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)可降解缓释微球,考察其生物活性的保存情况及它们对内皮细胞的作用。方法:采用改良的乳化冷凝法交联制备复合bFGF、VEGF的明胶缓释微球,将它们加入内皮细胞的培养液中,用细胞计数法、四甲基偶氮唑盐微量反应比色法(MTT法)测定细胞增殖情况。结果:复合bFGF、VEGF的缓释微球平均粒径(11.32±3.64)μm;培养1天后各组细胞计数、吸光度(A)值差异均无显著性;5天后两种生长因子缓释微球组细胞计数、吸光度(A)值明显高于对照组;7天后两种生长因子缓释微球组值仍高于其它组。结论:复合bFGF、VEGF的缓释微球制备工艺简便,具有良好的缓释活性能较长时间地持续释放活性bFGF、VEGF,可明显促进内皮细胞的增殖。     

Sustained-release Madopar HBS® compared with standard Madopar® in the long-term treatment of de novo parkinsonian patients

In this Danish-Norwegian randomized double-blind parallel-group multicentre study, we compared the therapeutic response of slow-release Madopar HBS® to standard Madopar® in 134 de novo patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease during a 5-year period. The drugs were dosed according to the individual need of the patients. The Webster, NUDS, UPDRS and Hoehn & Yahr scales were used for evaluation of symptoms. Addition of a morning dose of standard Madopar 62.5 mg was allowed after 6 months. Bromocriptine could be administered but not Selegiline. Sixty-five patients got Madopar HBS and 69 standard Madopar. Surprisingly, no differences were found as to the mean daily levodopa dose, the mean number of daily doses or the use of and doses of bromocriptine. Unexpectedly, we found a trend towards a more frequent use of a morning dose of standard Madopar in the group treated with the standard formulation. No differences were observed in the occurrence of motor fluctuations or dyskinesia, the incidence of which was relatively low. Sustained-release Madopar (HBS) thus proved to be as effective as standard Madopar in the long-term treatment of de novo parkinsonian patients, but the drug showed no advantage in postponing or reducing the long-term levodopa treatment problems.     

壳聚糖微球用于LHRH拮抗剂类似物缓释体系的研究

研究壳聚糖微球对促黄体生成激素释放激素（ＬＨＲＨ）拮抗剂类似物（ＴＸ４６）的吸附与释放，考察了影响吸附与释放的因素，得到了各种不同微球对ＴＸ４６的吸附与释放平衡曲线，为ＬＨＲＨ拮抗剂用于生育控制及其它临床应用提供了初步的实验依据。     

壳聚糖制备头孢氨苄缓释微囊的工艺试探

以壳聚糖（１）和羧甲基纤维素钠（２）为主要辅料，应用复凝聚法和乳液相分离法相结合的工艺，制备了水溶性药物头孢氨苄的缓释微囊，并探讨了高分子材料１的脱乙酰度、２的粘度对缓释效果的影响。     

The Stabilization and Encapsulation of Human Growth Hormone into Biodegradable Microspheres

Purpose. To produce and evaluate sustained-acting formulations of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) made by a novel microencapsulation process. Methods. The protein was stabilized by forming an insoluble complex with zinc and encapsulated into microspheres of poly (D,L-lactide co-glycolide) (PLGA) which differed in polymer molecular weight (8–3 1kD), polymer end group, and zinc content. The encapsulation procedure was cryogenic, non-aqueous, and did not utilize surfactants or emulsification. The rhGH extracted from each of these microsphere formulations was analyzed by size-exclusion, ion-exchange and reversed-phase chromatography, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, peptide mapping, and cell proliferation of a cell line expressing the hGH receptor. In addition, the in vivorelease profile was determined after subcutaneous administration of the microspheres to rats and juvenile rhesus monkeys. Results. Protein and bioactivity analyses of the rhGH extracted from three different microsphere formulations showed that the encapsulated protein was unaltered relative to the protein before encapsulation. In vivo, microsphere administration to rats or monkeys induced elevated levels of serum rhGH for up to one month, more than 20-fold longer than was induced by the same amount of protein injected subcutaneously as a solution. The rate of protein release differed between the three microsphere formulations and was determined by the molecular weight and hydrophobicity of the PLGA. The serum rhGH profile, after three sequential monthly doses of the one formulation examined, was reproducible and showed no dose accumulation. Conclusions. Using a novel process, rhGH can be stabilized and encapsulated in a solid state into PLGA microspheres and released with unaltered properties at different rates.     

复方丹参滴丸治疗冠心病心绞痛随机对照试验的质量评价

目的调查复方丹参滴丸治疗冠心病心绞痛随机对照试验(RCT)的现状,并评价其能否为临床应用提供高质量证据。方法计算机检索1994~2005年l2月国内外公开发表的有关复方丹参滴丸治疗冠心病心绞痛的RCT,采用Jadad评分量表、CONSORT标准和其他自拟评价指标进行质量评价。结果共纳入115篇RCT,其中1篇3分,6篇2分,106篇1分,2篇0分。无RCT执行分配隐藏。按CONSORT标准,仅4篇(3.5%)RCT描述了如何产生随机顺序,其中2篇为半随机,没有RCT报道如何执行随机,有1篇(0.9%)RCT采用安慰剂对照,1篇(0.9%)报道了终点指标,9篇(7.8%)实施单盲,4篇(3.5%)采用双盲,11篇(9.6%)进行了具体统计量计算,2篇(1.7%)提供了随访记录,1篇(0.9%)报道了阴性结果,25篇(21.7%)报道不良事件,均未进行样本含量计算、意向性分析(ITT)和分层分析,属于多中心的仅有1篇(0.9%),均未进行伦理审批和知情同意。描述了中医证型的有27篇(23.5%),所有试验均未采用模拟剂。结论目前复方丹参滴丸治疗冠心病心绞痛临床研究的方法学和报告质量尚低,还不能为临床应用提供可靠的依据。     

NE30D作为膜控材料的盐酸氨溴索缓释特征参数的研究

目的 以NE30D为膜控材料,考察其对盐酸氨溴索渗透作用的影响,探索制定盐酸氨溴索的缓释特征参数.方法 以不同浓度的NE30D制备成膜作为渗透阻滞材料,以三室渗透装置考察NE30D膜厚度、盐酸氨溴索溶液浓度、同一批号膜材料批内和批间多个样本对透过率的影响,并计算阻滞效率.结果 同一批号膜材料批内和批间制备的不同样本,通过控制制备参数得到的NE30D膜对盐酸氨溴索的阻滞效率重现性非常好,5%浓度制备的膜的阻滞效率在4.0%～4.6%/h,10%浓度制备的膜的阻滞效率在9.0%～9.4%/h.结论 5%和10%浓度制备的NE30D膜对盐酸氨溴索的阻滞效率影响非常大,表明盐酸氨溴索可以通过改变膜的厚度来实现适当的释放速度,也表明NE30D是比较理想的盐酸氨溴索的缓释膜控材料.提示NE30D对于盐酸氨溴索的膜控缓释特征参数可以采用高、低浓度制备膜的阻滞效率及其差值.