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21.
22.
护理作为一门独立的专业,其发展应以科学研究为基础。护理科研、论文的数量和水平是评价一个地区或单位的护理整体水平的重要指标之一。笔者通过我院10年间医院工作人员科研立项、科研论文发表交流情况及护理人员论文写作的调查,对护理科研滞后的应用进行了综合分析,认为缺乏科研意识、科研潜力不足,观行制度制约,客观条件制约是重要因素。提出改变这种状态应从学科带头人入手,详细阐述了护士长对护理科研、论文工作的指导。 相似文献
23.
现代中医药发展战略思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建国几十年来,由于党和政府的大力提倡和扶持,中医药得到了很大发展,但相对于西医的发展势头仍显不足。尤其是近10多年来,由于现代科技及现代管理学的有力推动,西医获得了突飞猛进的发展,然而,中医却由于种种原因发展相对缓慢。在这各行各业竞相发展的现代社会,中医要生存,就蓝须发展,中医要发展,就妊须总揽全局,从战略高度克服中医药发展的各种不利因素,充分发挥各方面的有利条件。 相似文献
24.
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26.
Objective: The scientific quality of research is an important ethical issue. To clarify the quality of research projects in pharmacotherapy/pharmacology,
40 randomly selected research projects in pharmacotherapy/pharmacology submitted to a research ethics committee were reviewed.
Results: Eight of the projects would not have contributed new knowledge nor were they necessary as controls for the results of previous
research. Fifteen of the research protocols were of good quality, 15 could be used after revisions, and 10 were unfit for
use. Eleven of the research projects were not finished 5 years after they were started. A written report was produced from
26 of the projects. Nine were of good quality and could be accepted for publication in a medical journal, 10 of the reports
were in need of revision before publication, and 7 should not be accepted for publication.
Conclusion: Research in this field ought to be improved, and ways to improve the standard of clinical trials in pharmacotherapy are
dicussed.
Received: 1 April 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 28 June 1996 相似文献
27.
Fifty-five students and staff at Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology completed a food frequency questionnaire and then weighed their food for one week. Several methods of calculating nutrient intakes from the questionnaire are compared to results from the weighed inventory. Intakes of energy and several nutrients calculated using estimated typical portion weights were less than those derived from the weighed inventory. Food groups contributing to the apparent under-estimation have been identified. A further method of calculation involved derivation of a factor for each food group such that the frequency estimated from the questionnaire multiplied by the factor equalled the average weight of the foods in that group that had been eaten. Using these factors instead of the typical portion weights resulted in closer agreement to the weighed inventory method, but the difference ranged from positive for some groups to negative for others. Use of separate factors for each group of subjects reduced the range of differences to the weighed inventory method. 相似文献
28.
T.-N. Wu Chen-Yang Shen Saou-Hsing Liou Guang-Yang Yang K.-N. Ko Show-Lin Chao Chao-Chun Hsu P.-Y. Chang 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1997,69(6):386-391
To monitor the lead hazards in industries and to investigate the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in lead-exposed
workers, a lead surveillance system (PRESS-BLLs) has been established and operated in Taiwan, Republic of China, since July
1993. A cohort of lead-exposed workers who received a periodic annual health examination at 55 accredited hospital laboratories
was constructed. A total of 9807 separate BLL measurements were reported to the system in 1994. The mean BLL was 15.8 μg/dl
in male workers and 11.6 μg/dl in female workers. The mean BLL of lead-exposed workers was significantly (P<0.05, z-test) higher than that of the general Taiwanese population (8.6 μg/dl for males and 6.7 μg/dl for females). In addition,
the BLLs of 983 (10.0%) workers exceeded the regulatory action level (40 μg/dl for males; 30 μg/dl for females). The workplaces
and homes of 57% of the workers with elevated BLLs were thoroughly investigated to determine the sources of lead contamination.
These actions identified the causes of elevated BLLs and set up strategies to reduce workers’ lead exposure. The establishment
of this occupational lead surveillance system represents a method for monitoring of lead hazards from occupational and environmental
settings to prevent lead poisoning. The information acquired from the system can help in the setting up of a priority of prevention
and the development of control measures. It is also useful for further monitoring of changes in the BLLs of the lead-exposed-worker
cohort. The Health Department of Taiwan can use this information to evaluate the effectiveness of current industrial hygiene
practice. Subjects with elevated BLLs have been medically treated and placed on long-term follow-up for sequelae.
Received: 2 September 1996/Accepted: 29 November 1996 相似文献
29.
Critical care nurses, ethical decision-making and stress 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Considerable attention has focused on describing ethical issues that critical care nurses face in their practice; however, less attention has been directed at describing the process of ethical decision-making. Systematic research linking aspects of ethical-decision making and stress is lacking. This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between selected aspects of ethical decision-making, stress and selected nurse characteristics. Sixty-one critical care nurses completed the Nurse's Ethical Decision Making—ICU Questionnaire and the Health Professions Stress Inventory. Findings revealed that nurses who selected the patient advocacy model had significantly higher nurse autonomy scores, that perceived anxiety had a negative association with nurse autonomy, and that workplace restrictions and stress were related. 相似文献
30.