Survey of recognition and utilization of guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bronchial asthma in Japan

BACKGROUND: In Japan in 1993, the Japanese Society of Allergology (JSA) developed guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma (JGL), which were based on the concept that asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway. METHODS: This survey study was intended to investigate the recognition and utilization of JGL among physicians who had treated asthma. The survey comprised two methods: a quantitative mail survey and a qualitative door-to-door survey conducted by trained interviewers. RESULTS: In the mail survey, a total of 1028 physicians responded; 552 members of the JSA and 476 nonmembers. Ninety-four percent of JSA members were aware of adult asthma management guidelines, while 53% of nonmembers were aware of them. Although approximately half of the physicians, both members and nonmembers, found differences between the asthma management policies in JGL and their previous policies, most of them utilized JGL once they read it. In the qualitative door-to-door survey, 80-90% of physicians evaluated JGL as good after they read it. CONCLUSIONS: JGL was recognized and utilized by most JSA members, but only half of nonmember physicians were aware of JGL, although they utilized JGL after they read it. Further action to implement JGL among nonspecialist physicians is needed to improve management of asthma.     

A Contextual Family/Systems Approach to Pediatric Psychology: Introduction to the Special Issue

Introduced the special issue on "Family System in PediatricPsychology" by organizing the papers around a series of themesrelevant to understanding families in pediatric psychology.Themes reflect the relationships between parent and child adjustment,family subsystems, legacies and traditions, social support systems,family interventions, the constancy of change in families, thechallenges of conducting longitudinal research, the inclusionof fathers, and the importance of a competency framework inpediatric family psychology. The paper concludes with recommendationsfor pediatric family psychology, including suggestions for increasingdiversity, expanding methodological approaches, and enhancingfamily competence.     

Impact of Dissection after Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment of De Novo Coronary Lesions: Angiographic and Clinical Outcomes

PurposeDissection after plain balloon angioplasty is required to achieve adequate luminal area; however, it is associated with a high risk of vascular events. This study aimed to examine the relationship between non-flow limiting coronary dissections and subsequent lumen loss and long-term clinical outcomes following successful drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment of de novo coronary lesions.Materials and MethodsA total of 227 patients with good distal flow (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade 3) following DCB treatment were retrospectively enrolled and stratified according to the presence or absence of a non-flow limiting dissection. The primary endpoint was late lumen loss (LLL) at 6-month angiography, and the secondary endpoint was target vessel failure (TVF, a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and target vessel thrombosis).ResultsThe cohort consisted of 95 patients with and 132 patients without a dissection. There were no between-group differences in LLL (90.8%) returning for angiography at 6 months (0.05±0.19 mm in non-dissection and 0.05±0.30 mm in dissection group, p=0.886) or in TVF (6.8% in non-dissection and 8.4% in dissection group, p=0.799) at a median follow-up of 3.4 years. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of dissection and its severity were not associated with LLL or TVF. Almost dissections (93.9%) were completely healed, and there was no newly developed dissection at 6-month angiography.ConclusionThe presence of a dissection following successful DCB treatment of a de novo coronary lesion may not be associated with an increased risk of LLL or TVF (Impact of Drug-coated Balloon Treatment in de Novo Coronary Lesion; {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04619277","term_id":"NCT04619277"}}NCT04619277).     

膳食维生素C与代谢综合征风险的meta分析

目的用meta分析的方法定量评估膳食维生素C与代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MetS)风险的关系,为MetS的预防与治疗提供依据。方法系统检索PubMed、EMBASE、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(WanfangData)以及维普数据库(VIP)中由建库至2021年12月公开发表的关于膳食维生素C与MetS风险关系的流行病学观察性研究。提取数据后,应用Stata 12.0软件进行meta统计分析。结果共纳入7篇文献,总样本量为29363人,包括8300例MetS患者。meta分析结果显示,膳食维生素C摄入量最高组发生MetS的风险较最低组低7%(RR=0.93,95%CI:0.89~0.98)。剂量-反应meta分析结果显示,膳食维生素C与MetS风险之间呈线性关系(非线性P>0.10),摄入量每增加50 mg/d并不能明显降低MetS的发生风险(RR=0.97,95%CI:0.92~1.02)。结论MetS与膳食维生素C摄入量之间存在关联性,高膳食维生素C摄入可降低MetS的风险。     

2016—2020年甘肃省食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学调查报告质量评价

目的:评价甘肃省食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学调查报告质量,发现基层流行病学调查过程中存在的问题并提出指导意见。方法:收集2016—2020年甘肃省食源性疾病暴发事件监测系统中,发病人数≥10例的食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学调查报告,按照相应标准对流行病学调查报告中各项指标进行评价。结果:共收集68起食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学调查报告。报告普遍存在条理性差、层次混乱不清,虽然书写了相应的指标但内容过于简单且不够规范的问题;报告还存在描述性流行病学调查不够全面、深入,分析流行病学欠缺,食品卫生学调查不充分等问题;仅有50.00%(34/68)的调查查明了致病因子和污染食物,39.71%(27/68)的调查查明了污染原因,14.71%(10/68)的调查找出了完整证据链。结论:甘肃省基层工作人员食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学调查不够深入、细致,病因调查和推断较少,几乎未开展分析流行病学调查,调查报告得出的结论依据不够充分;流行病学调查和调查报告书写质量均需要加强和提高;相关部门应基层流行病学调查队伍建设,对技术人员进行中长期的理论与实践相结合的培训。     

癫痫患者匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表评分 与多导睡眠监测参数、脑功能状态指标相关性分析

摘 要：目的：评价甘肃省食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学调查报告质量,发现基层流行病学调查过程中存在的问题并提 出指导意见。方法：收集2016—2020年甘肃省食源性疾病暴发事件监测系统中,发病人数≥10例的食源性疾病暴发事件的 流行病学调查报告,按照相应标准对流行病学调查报告中各项指标进行评价。结果：共收集 68起食源性疾病暴发事件的流 行病学调查报告。报告普遍存在条理性差、层次混乱不清,虽然书写了相应的指标但内容过于简单且不够规范的问题;报告 还存在描述性流行病学调查不够全面、深入,分析流行病学欠缺,食品卫生学调查不充分等问题;仅有50.00% （34/68） 的 调查查明了致病因子和污染食物,39.71% （27/68） 的调查查明了污染原因,14.71% （10/68） 的调查找出了完整证据链。结 论：甘肃省基层工作人员食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学调查不够深入、细致,病因调查和推断较少,几乎未开展分析流行病 学调查,调查报告得出的结论依据不够充分;流行病学调查和调查报告书写质量均需要加强和提高;相关部门应基层流行病 学调查队伍建设,对技术人员进行中长期的理论与实践相结合的培训。     

862名医学院校低年级大学生HIV检测行为及影响因素分析

目的 了解四川省某医学院校低年级大学生HIV检测情况及影响因素,为制定在校大学生艾滋病防控教育措施,提高HIV检测率提供参考依据。方法 2021年3月,在四川省泸州市某医学院校对4门选修课共11个班级的学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括艾滋病基本知识知晓情况、艾滋病自评感染风险、性态度、HIV检测情况、恋爱及性行为经历等。采用单因素logistic回归进行单因素分析,采用多因素logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果 本次调查共纳入大一、大二学生862例。6.4%(55/853)的调查对象有过HIV检测史。89.8%(767/854)的调查对象表示愿意在每次高危行为后都主动进行HIV检测。年龄>18岁(OR=1.990,95%CI:1.021～3.878)、自评有HIV感染风险(OR=1.940,95%CI:1.073～3.509)、知道HIV检测可快速实现(OR=2.401,95%CI:1.329～4.337)、发生过性行为(OR=2.591,95%CI:1.208～5.560)是HIV检测的促进因素。结论 应在大学生群体中加强HIV检测知识和可及性的宣传,同时加强艾滋病防控教育,提高大学生的HIV感染风险意识。     

成都市高新区4～18岁儿童青少年近视影响因素分析

目的 了解成都市高新区4～18岁儿童青少年近视患病情况及影响因素,为近视防控工作提供参考。方法 于2021年8—11月采用横断面研究的方法对成都市高新区202所学校82 024名4～18岁学生进行视力筛查及问卷调查,采用logistic回归分析对近视影响因素进行分析。结果 成都市高新区儿童青少年总近视患病率为40.42%,不同性别(男38.76%vs女42.21%,χ2=101.529,P<0.001)、不同学龄段之间近视患病率差异均有统计学意义(1.81%、34.44%、79.73%、83.25%,χ2=22099.288,P<0.001)。4～18岁儿童青少年近视患病率分别为1.90%、1.25%、9.04%、17.20%、31.22%、42.10%、55.79%、65.15%、73.43%、79.95%、84.44%、84.45%、83.25%、81.95%、77.28%。logistic回归分析显示,父母均近视、初次使用电子产品年龄≤3岁、节假日电子产品使用时间较长、阅读学习用眼持续时间≥30 min、有不良用眼习惯、户外活动及睡眠时间不足等是与儿童青少年近视相关的独立影响因素。结论 成都高新区儿童青少年学龄初期近视患病率增长速度快,其影响因素可能与遗传及个人习惯等多个方面有关,早期筛查及预防十分重要。     

经典名方中藿香类药材的本草考证

通过查阅古代相关本草、医籍、经史及近现代文献资料,笔者对藿香类药材的名称、基原、产地、品质评价、栽培、采收加工及炮制方法等进行了系统梳理与考证,可为含藿香类药材的经典名方开发利用提供依据。通过本草考证分析可知,历代本草多以“藿香”为正名,所用主流基原均为Pogostemon cablin,为区别于明代以来我国民间习用的同科另一种植物土藿香Agastache rugosa及推崇道地产区而有“广藿香”之名;广藿香原产于越南等东南亚国家,早期因作香料经广东等地传入我国,宋代以来便已在我国南方引种成功;药用部位多为其干燥地上部分,亦有将其叶、梗分开单独使用;历代推崇的道地产区为广东,现广东广州、肇庆、湛江和海南省多有栽培,以石牌所产最为知名;广藿香主要为扦插繁殖,二月生苗,六月采收;产地加工方法主要为闷晒法,放置阳光下反复闷晒至有芳香气味、颜色转黄;炮制方法多以净选后生品入药。基于考证结果,建议养胃汤中所用藿香以P. cablin为基原,取叶片生品入药,而藿朴夏苓汤则建议选择土藿香A. rugosa除去根及老茎的生品入药。     

基于Nrf2/HO-1通路的中医药干预溃疡性结肠炎研究进展

溃疡性结肠炎（UC）是临床常见的一种慢性消化系统疾病,其病情反复且治疗难度大,发病机制复杂,与氧化应激反应相关。核转录因子E₂相关因子2（Nrf2）是抗氧化反应中的重要因子,可调控其下游血红素加氧-1（HO-1）的表达,发挥维持机体氧化还原稳态的作用。UC的病程中Nrf2与HO-1的生物活性及含量水平均下降,组织抗氧化和抗炎能力减弱,肠上皮细胞损伤,肠黏膜屏障破坏。目前西医临床上主要以控制炎症和缓解症状治疗为主,虽有一定疗效,但存在停药后易复发、长期用药不良反应多等问题。研究表明,中医药治疗手段丰富,治疗方法灵活,在UC的防治上有广阔的应用前景。近年来,以Nrf2/HO-1通路为切入点,中医药领域开展了大量关于UC中该信号的基础和临床实验,结果表明Nrf2/HO-1通路是中医药治疗UC的重要潜在靶点。基于虚实夹杂的病因病机,中医药以清热解毒燥湿、活血化瘀止痛、益气补中温里和标本兼治等法调控Nrf2/HO-1通路,提高组织抗氧化应激能力,维持促炎因子与抗炎因子平衡,缓解炎症反应,发挥对UC的治疗作用。该文总结和分析了中医药靶向Nrf2/HO-1信号通路干预UC的机制和作用,以期为科研人员更为全面认识中医药对UC中Nrf2/HO-1通路的作用机制提供帮助,旨在推动今后中医药合理运用于临床UC的防治。