白屈菜红碱2种脂质体的制备和口服生物利用度比较

目的 制备白屈菜红碱脂质体（chelerythrine liposomes,Che-Lip）和聚乙二醇修饰白屈菜红碱脂质体（PEGylated chelerythrine liposomes,PEG-Che-Lip）,考察其体外释药和体内口服药动学行为。方法 薄膜超声法制备Che-Lip和PEG-Che-Lip。单因素考察结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化Che-Lip处方,引入二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇2000（DSPE-mPEG2000）制备PEG-Che-Lip。比较Che-Lip和PEG-Che-Lip在模拟胃肠液中溶解度、稳定性和体外释药情况。按20 mg/kg ig给药（以白屈菜红碱计）,测定血药浓度,计算Che-Lip和PEG-Che-Lip主要药动学参数及其相对口服吸收生物利用度。结果 最优处方下制备的Che-Lip和PEG-Che-Lip外观为球形及类球形。Che-Li和PEG-Che-Lip包封率分别为（82.54±0.62）%和（91.13±1.04）%,载药量为（7.64±0.11）%和（7.55±0.18）%,平均粒径分别为（148.15±7.63）nm和（159.37±8.14）nm,ζ电位分别为（-34.2±1.1）mV和（-4.2±0.3）mV。PEG-Che-Lip在模拟胃肠液稳定性高于Che-Lip,Che-Lip和PEG-Che-Lip释药过程均符合Weibull模型。药动学结果显示,Che-Lip的达峰浓度（C_max）和相对口服吸收生物利用度分别增加至1.55倍和2.45倍,PEG-Che-Lip的C_max和相对口服吸收生物利用度分别增加至2.08倍和5.04倍。结论 Che-Li和PEG-Che-Lip可有效促进口服吸收,PEG-Che-Lip优势更明显。     

Pichia pastoris displaying ZIKV protein epitopes from the Envelope and NS1 induce in vitro immune activation

The severe consequences of ZIKV infection and its emergence and re-emergence in several countries have boosted vaccines' development. Yeasts such as Pichia pastoris has been widely employed as antigen carriers for immunization against infectious agents. Components of the yeast cell wall have immunostimulatory properties, and recombinant antigens can be anchored to the cell surface to enhance the presentation to the immune system. Here we aimed at producing and anchoring ZIKV proteins in the P. pastoris surface as a vaccine approach. Expression cassettes were designed with epitopes of the Envelope and NS1 proteins. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed the anchoring of recombinant proteins. Yeasts' ability to stimulate immune cells was evaluated in vitro by incubation with lymphocytes and monocytes isolated from mouse spleen. P. pastoris expressing EnvNS1 epitopes promoted increased levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α cytokines and an increase in the number of CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ lymphocytes, similarly to ZIKV. This profile is indicative of the activation of immunological cells and suggests an immunogenic potential of the proposed yeast vaccines against ZIKV, reinforcing the possibility of P. pastoris as adjuvant and carrier of antigens.     

中国女性青年人体惯性参数的CT—图像分析法测定及其回归方程的研究

采用CT成像和图像分析技术，在尸体研究的基础上，对50例女性样本（18～23岁）进行全身CT横断层扫描、图像分析和测算以及建立数学模型等方面的研究。获得了人体的质量分布、质心位置和转动惯量等惯性参数。据此，建立了直接计算中国女性青年人体各环节惯性参数的二元回归方程。为中国人体运动学和动力学研究提供了基础数据；也为运动员的选材提供了有力的手段。     

Methods of detecting mature human Ia-like antigen and their metabolic precursors

Ia antigens were shown to be present in the cell almost exclusively as mature alpha beta dimers which split into separate alpha and beta chains after boiling in SDS. In contrast metabolically labelling the cells with [35S]methionine resulted in only free alpha and beta chains being labelled. It is concluded that this widely used type of labelling, although useful for studying intermediate synthesis, should not be used for labelling mature cell surface molecules.     

Mental Health of Mothers of Children with Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Appraisal as a Mediator

Examined direct and mediated relations between condition parametersand maternal mental health for 53 mothers of 2- to 11-year-oldchildren with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Multivariateanalyses revealed that when considered simultaneously, indicesof both biological severity and functional severity were associatedsignificantly with maternal mental health. Further, mother'sappraisals of the impact of the child's illness on the familypartially mediated the effects of medication type and child'sfunctional status on mother's mental health. Results providesupport for conceptual models that emphasize the cognitive mechanismsby which condition parameters such as biological and functionalseverity might affect maternal mental health. Explicating theprocesses by which a child's JRA might lead to psychologicaladjustment problems in the parent has implications for developingpreventive and treatment interventions.     

计算机嗓音测试参数的特点及临床意义

电子计算机嗓音测试及频谱分析已成为嗓音客观检查的重要手段。其测试参数为喉部疾病诊断、疗效评价的主要指标。但嗓音的声学参数是一种多维函数，与声带振动的生物力学密切相关。为了更好的理解和掌握嗓音的声学参数，对嗓音测试的参数进行详细的分析。以便于准确地选用和科学、客观地评价嗓音。     

Characteristics of steroid hormone binding systems in hepatocyte plasma membranes

Parameters of binding of cortisone and estradiol to plasma membranes of rat hepatocytes were studied by the method of liquid scintillation radiometry. The presence of two systems for the binding of these hormones in the membranes was demonstrated. One system is specific (saturable) and binds hormones in physiological concentrations. The capacity and affinity of this system for cortisone are significantly higher than for estradiol. The binding parameters within the temperature range from 4 to 37°C for cortisone and estradiol respectively are: Dissociation constant 2.1–3 and 2.7–4.5 nM, number of binding sites 2–2.4 and 0.14–0.18 nmoles/mg protein. Experiments with p-chloromercuribenzoate demonstrate the role of proteins in the working of this system. The second (unsaturable) system is nonspecific and its function is determined by the lipid component of the membranes. The affinity of corticosteroids for hepatocytes is probably due to the activity of the (saturable) specific system of the plasma membranes of these cells.Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Radiobiology, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Yudaev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 172–174, February, 1980.     

Ly49 gene expression in different inbred mouse strains

Mouse natural killer cells express receptors for class IMHC in the form of the Ly49 family of proteins. The Ly49 family contains at least 13 expressed members (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, O, and P) and is further subdivided into activating and inhibitory subfamilies based on intracellular and transmembrane characteristics. The level of sequence identity between different members varies dramatically. However, comparison of the extracellular domain has revealed that several of the Ly49 molecules also form “pairs,” where one member is activating and the other is inhibitory. Until recently, most Ly49 molecules described have come from the C57B1/6 strain of inbred mice. Using molecular cloning and immunochemical analysis we have found that different mouse strains express novel Ly49 molecules. Comparison of the allelic forms of some Ly49 molecules has shown that the dividing line between different genes and different alleles is blurred. This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. NO1-CO-56000. Animal care was provided in accordance with the procedures outlined in A Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Institutes of Health Publication No. 86-23, 1985). The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government.     

Lateral Mobility of the Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 Within the Surface Membrane of Morphologically Undifferentiated and Differentiated Neuroblastoma Cells

Lateral mobility and localization in the surface membrane of the adhesion molecule L1 was studied in morphologically undifferentiated and differentiated neuroblastoma cells to gain insight into its possible association with the different molecular forms of N-CAM. In undifferentiated cells, the fraction of mobile L1 molecules is high and similar to that of N-CAM 140. Upon long-term morphological differentiation, the fraction of mobile L1 molecules is reduced by a factor of three and is similar to that of N-CAM 180, the predominant molecular form of N-CAM in differentiated neuroblastoma cells. Comparable to N-CAM 180, L1 is also preferentially accumulated at contact sites between these cells as seen by indirect immunofluorescence. These observations raise the question of whether at least part of the L1 molecules may be directly or indirectly (e.g. via N-CAM 180) linked to the cytoskeleton, thus stabilizing cell contacts between differentiated cells.     

The Study of Passive Membrane Properties and Morphology Reveals Neuronal Differences Along the Sagittal Axis of the Ventral Periaqueductal Grey Matter

The membrane properties of the neurons located in the ventral part of the periaqueductal grey (PAG) of the guinea-pig were studied using an in vitro slice preparation. Cells had low values of resting membrane potential (-53.3 +/- 1.3 mV, mean +/- standard error), high input resistance (195. +/- 16.2 M ohm) and moderate values of membrane time constant (12.6 +/- 0.7 ms). The last two parameters changed as recordings were made along the sagittal axis, higher values corresponding to the more rostral cells. Three main neuronal types-fusiform, triangular and stellate-were found in the ventral PAG using intracellular injection of Lucifer yellow. A study of the cell number and cell density was carried out in coronal and sagittal sections of the ventral PAG. This analysis showed a clear gradient of size in this region arising from the gradual disappearance of large (17 to 40 microm) neurons in the caudorostral direction. The neuronal density also increased in this direction. Therefore, some electrotonic and morphological parameters differ along the sagittal axis. These findings suggest a larger neuronal heterogeneity of the caudal part of the PAG, and might contribute to a functional segregation of this region.