New abdominal CT angiography protocol on a 16 detector-row CT scanner - first results

Purpose. Purpose of this study was the implementation of a new abdominal CT angiography protocol on a 16 detector-row CT scanner and the comparison to selective catheter angiography. Methods. 76 patients with various vascular disorders underwent abdominal CT angiography on a recently developed 16 detector-row CT scanner using submillimeter slice collimation (16×0.75 mm). Results were compared with mesenteric and/or hepatic angiography in 17 patients performed during tumor embolization. Opacification was provided using individually tailored contrast application with a test bolus setting. To evaluate the contrast injection protocol density measurements within the vessel lumen were performed. Results. Diagnostic image quality was achieved in all patients with angiographic comparison (n = 17). Within the hepatic and mesenteric vasculature up to 4th generation vessels could be identified. Compared to selctive angiography CT angiography provided equivalent morphologic information up to the detectable vessel generation. With the applied contrast application regimen there were no significant differences in vessel enhancement along the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries. Conclusion. 16 detector-row CT enables whole abdominal angiographic studies with submillimeter resolution in a single breath-hold. The improved spatial resolution enables for high quality 3D visualization. Compared to invasive angiography, 16 detector-row CT reveals equivalent morphologic information.     

桡神经超声结合神经传导检查在糖尿病周围神经病变患者中的应用

目的:探讨2型糖尿病伴周围神经病变患者桡神经的超声特征及电生理表现,企为临床诊治及预后评估提供参考依据.方法:选取西宁市第一人民医院70例2型糖尿病患者,分为合并周围神经病变组35例及未合并周围神经病变组35例,同时选择健康体检者35例作对照,所有受检者行桡神经超声检查及神经传导检测.结果:糖尿病合并周围神经病变者桡神经超声表现为神经束回声减低,平行线状低回声结构消失,神经外膜增厚分界不清;神经传导检测提示桡神经运动传导速度(MCV)及感觉传导速度(SCV)均有异常,且SCV更为敏感,异常率更高;糖尿病未合并周围神经病变组与正常对照组超声及神经传导检查比较,差异无统计学意义.结论:超声与神经传导检查两者结合,可以从功能及形态学两方面更明确地为临床提供糖尿病患者是否合并周围神经病的依据和判断病变程度,有助于临床诊治及预后评估.     

复方红芪减方对周围神经再生影响的实验研究

目的　研究复方红芪提取液进行减方后对周围神经再生的作用。方法　建立钳夹损伤大鼠双侧坐骨神经的动物模型。按术后每日灌服药物的不同将 40只SD雄性大鼠随机均分为 4组。对照组 :灌服生理盐水 ;复方红芪组 :灌服复方红芪提取液 2ml ;减方组 :灌服复方红芪减方后提取液 2ml;补阳还五汤组 :灌服补阳还五汤 2ml。术后 2周及 4周 ,观察坐骨神经功能指数、运动神经传导速度及单位视野有髓神经纤维计数。结果　坐骨神经功能指数 :红芪组和减方组与对照组、红芪组与减方组的差异均有显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,且减方组优于红芪组 (P >0 .0 5 )。有髓神经纤维计数 :复方红芪组优于对照组 (P<0 0 1) ,减方组明显优于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而红芪组与减方组间无显著差异。运动神经传导速度 :红芪组、减方组、补阳还五汤组与对照组相比 ,均优于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但前 3组间无明显差异。结论　复方红芪减方提取液早期可以促进周围神经再生 ,药效更为专一 ,且优于传统方剂补阳还五汤。     

陈旧性Denis Ⅱ型骶骨骨折合并骶神经损伤的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨陈旧性Denis Ⅱ型骶骨骨折合并骶神经损伤的诊断及手术方法。方法：取60具骶骨干标本及26具完整骨盆标本，测量S1棘突与S1后孔同位置关系、骶前区血管、骶神经及梨状肌之间关系；对14例陈旧性DenisⅡ型骶骨骨折合并骶神经损伤患者，在常规骨盆X线片，CT，螺旋CT三维重建的同时，又采用显示骶神经全长的骶骨斜冠状位MR扫描，观察神经走向及眦领关系。11例行自行设计的后略骶神经管扩大减压术，3例行非手术治疗。结果：S1棘突于S1后孔中上1/3者占90%，骶前区主要血管有骶外侧动静脉和骶外侧血管、骶正中血管及臀上血管进入骶前孔的分支。血管位于骶丛神经腹侧，骶外侧斑管距离S1前孔大于10mm，S2前孔大于5mm。骶骨斜冠状位MR扫描可以显示骶神经全长及周围眦领关系。骶神经损伤时，发现有神经根走行改变(13例），损伤处神经很周围脂肪消失（11例），神经根管狭窄(10例)。14例均获得随访。随访时间6--12个月。平均7.1个月，术后改善情况，优9例，无变化1例。结论螺旋CT三维重建及骶骨斜冠状位MR扫描对于骶神经损伤的定位及定性诊断有重要价值。后路骶神经管扩大减压术是针对骶神经管、骶前孔处神经损伤的较理想手术方法。     

Anesthesia for proteus syndrome

Proteus syndrome is a complex disorder comprising malformations and overgrowth of multiple tissues. The disorder is highly variable affecting tissues in a mosaic pattern. A 2-year-old boy with Proteus syndrome, with epidermal verrucal naevus, hyperplastic lesions of connective tissue, hyperostosis, overgrowth of tubular bones, bilateral inguinal hernia, and juvenile intestinal polyposis was scheduled for vertebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for further evaluation of malignancies. In addition to the pathological findings of this syndrome, potential complications such as difficult intubation, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary thromboembolism necessitate a careful preoperative and anesthetic preparation. MRI was performed under general anesthesia. There were no anesthetic complications. There are few previous reports on anesthesia in a patient with Proteus syndrome.     

带蒂骨骼肌桥接近端周围神经防治残端痛性神经瘤的实验与临床应用研究

目的：探讨神经瘤的形成机制和致痛机制及周围神经与带蒂骨骼肌桥接吻合后神经的生长情况。方法：Wistar大白鼠40只随机分为实验组与对照组，两组均将左侧坐骨神经在适当水平切断，远端神经切除，实验组近端神经分为2束，用带蒂骨骼肌桥接2个神经断端，对照组近端神经置于原位。饲养16周进行组织学检测。临床应用此方法治疗残端痛性神经瘤24例。结果：实验组再生的神经纤维顺利通过吻合口长入骨骼肌桥内，并在肌桥的肌束内生长，分布于肌纤维之间，未见有神经瘤形成。对照组均有典型的神经瘤形成。临床24例病人总计36个神经瘤，随访6～20个月按中日联谊医院评定标准优良率为92％。结论：带蒂骨骼肌桥接近端周围神经是防治残端痛性神经瘤的一种简单、实用、有效的方法。     

纳米炭结合精细被膜解剖法在甲状腺微小乳头状癌术中的应用

目的 探讨纳米炭结合精细被膜解剖法在甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术中的操作技巧及对喉返神经与甲状旁腺的保护效果.方法 对56例甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术均采用纳米炭结合精细被膜解剖法,并回顾性分析低钙血症、喉返神经损伤等临床资料.结果 术中喉返神经均全程解剖显露并保护完好,无喉返神经损伤.术后无永久性低钙血症发生,暂时性低钙血症发生率为7.1％ （4/56）,临床表现均为手足麻木,经补钙后好转,无抽搐,停药后复查血钙正常.结论 纳米炭结合精细被膜解剖法在甲状腺微小乳头状癌术中的应用能最大程度地避免喉返神经、甲状旁腺的损伤.     

Assessing the Effects of Geniculate Artery Embolization in a Nonsurgical Animal Model of Osteoarthritis

PurposeTo create a nonsurgical animal model of osteoarthritis (OA) to evaluate the effects of embolotherapy during geniculate artery embolization (GAE).Materials and MethodsFluoroscopy-guided injections of 700 mg of sodium monoiodoacetate were performed into the left stifle in 6 rams. Kinematic data were collected before and after induction. At 10 weeks after induction, Subjects 1 and 4–6 underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and Subjects 1, 3, and 4–6 underwent angiography with angiographic scoring to identify regions with greatest disease severity for superselective embolization (75–250-μm microspheres). Target vessel size was measured. At 24 weeks after angiography, DCE-MR imaging, angiography, and euthanasia were performed, and bilateral stifles were harvested. Medial/lateral tibial and femoral condylar, patellar, and synovial samples were cut, preserved, decalcified, and scored using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International criteria. The stifle and synovium Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score and Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study score were determined. The volume transfer constant (K_trans) and extracellular volume fraction (v_e) were calculated from DCE-MR imaging along the lateral synovial regions of interest.ResultsThe mean gross and microscopic pathological scores were elevated at 38 and 61, respectively. Mean synovitis score was elevated at 9.2. Mean pre-embolization and postembolization angiographic scores were 5 and 3.8, respectively. Mean superior, transverse, and inferior geniculate artery diameters were 3.1 mm ± 1.21, 2.0 mm ± 0.50, and 1.6 mm ± 0.41 mm, respectively. Mean pre-embolization and postembolization cartilage and synovitis scores were elevated at 35.13 and 73.3 and 5.5 and 9.2, respectively. The K_trans/v_e values of Subjects 4, 5, and 6 were elevated at 0.049/0.38, 0.074/0.53, and 0.065/0.51, respectively. Altered gait of the hind limb was observed in all subjects after induction, with reduced joint mobility. No skin necrosis or osteonecrosis was observed.ConclusionsA nonsurgical ovine animal knee OA model was created, which allowed the collection of angiographic, histopathological, MR imaging, and kinematic data to study the effects of GAE.     

SLIPA喉罩在不同年龄患者膀胱镜手术中的应用效果

 目的 探索免充气型喉上通气道(SLIPA)喉罩在不同年龄患者膀胱镜手术中应用的安全性及有效性。方法 选择2019-9至2019-11解放军总医院第一医学中心行膀胱镜手术患者100例,分为老年组(n=50)与非老年组(n=50)。比较两组患者不同时间点时平均血压(MBP)、心率(HR)以及喉罩漏气、更换喉罩、喉罩染血及术后咽痛、声嘶的发生情况。结果 老年组和非老年组患者使用SLIPA喉罩的即时MBP[ 插入时(87.8±11.7)mmHg vs.(87.2±13.6)mmHg;拔除后(94.0±10.8)mmHg vs.(89.2±14.9)mmHg ]和即时HR[插入时(65.0±9.88)次/min vs.(72.5±12.4)次/min;拔出时(76.4±10.0)次/min vs.(81.6±9.39)次/min] 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者喉罩漏气情况、拔除喉罩后声嘶、染血、咽痛进行对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);老年组8例患者经3次及以上的尝试后才成功插入喉罩,3次及以上的尝试率较非老年组高(16% vs. 0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 SLIPA喉罩适用于不同年龄患者膀胱镜手术全麻中的气道管理,可降低插管和拔管过程中强烈的应激反应。