Guidelines for single fiber EMG

This document is the consensus of international experts on the current status of Single Fiber EMG (SFEMG) and the measurement of neuromuscular jitter with concentric needle electrodes (CNE – CN-jitter). The panel of authors was chosen based on their particular interests and previous publications within a specific area of SFEMG or CN-jitter. Each member of the panel was asked to submit a section on their particular area of interest and these submissions were circulated among the panel members for edits and comments. This process continued until a consensus was reached. Donald Sanders and Erik Stålberg then edited the final document.     

The role of age on tau PET uptake and gray matter atrophy in atypical Alzheimer's disease

IntroductionLittle is known about the role of age on neurodegeneration and protein deposition in atypical variants of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsRegional tau and β-amyloid positron emission tomography standard uptake value ratios and gray matter volumes were calculated in a cohort of 42 participants with atypical AD. The relationship between regional metrics and age was modeled using a Bayesian hierarchical linear model.ResultsAge was strongly associated with tau uptake across all cortical regions, particularly parietal, with greater uptake in younger participants. Younger age was associated with smaller parietal and lateral temporal volumes. Regional β-amyloid differed little by age. Age showed a stronger association with tau than volume and β-amyloid in all cortical regions. Age was not associated with cognitive performance.DiscussionAge is an important determinant of severity of cortical tau uptake in atypical AD, with young participants more likely to show widespread and severe cortical tau uptake.     

Inhibiting the MCM8‐9 complex selectively sensitizes cancer cells to cisplatin and olaparib

MCM8 and MCM9 are paralogues of the MCM2‐7 eukaryotic DNA replication helicase proteins and play a crucial role in a homologous recombination‐mediated repair process to resolve replication stress by fork stalling. Thus, deficiency of MCM8‐9 sensitizes cells to replication stress caused, for example, by platinum compounds that induce interstrand cross‐links. It is suggested that cancer cells undergo more replication stress than normal cells due to hyperstimulation of growth. Therefore, it is possible that inhibiting MCM8‐9 selectively hypersensitizes cancer cells to platinum compounds and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors, both of which hamper replication fork progression. Here, we inhibited MCM8‐9 in transformed and nontransformed cells and examined their sensitivity to cisplatin and olaparib. We found that knockout of MCM9 or knockdown of MCM8 selectively hypersensitized transformed cells to cisplatin and olaparib. In agreement with reported findings, RAS‐ and human papilloma virus type 16 E7‐mediated transformation of human fibroblasts increased replication stress, as indicated by induction of multiple DNA damage responses (including formation of Rad51 foci). Such replication stress induced by oncogenes was further increased by knockdown of MCM8, providing a rationale for cancer‐specific hypersensitization to cisplatin and olaparib. Finally, we showed that knocking out MCM9 increased the sensitivity of HCT116 xenograft tumors to cisplatin. Taken together, the data suggest that conceptual MCM8‐9 inhibitors will be powerful cancer‐specific chemosensitizers for platinum compounds and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors, thereby opening new avenues to the design of novel cancer chemotherapeutic strategies.     

中药复方治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的临床研究概况

绝经后骨质疏松症为骨吸收大于骨形成的高转化型代谢性骨病,其并发症严重影响患者的生活水平及质量。中医认为本病与肝、脾、肾脏腑亏虚及血瘀等关系密切。近年来临床研究发现,中药复方治疗绝经后骨质疏松症效果明显,能够有效地改善患者的骨代谢水平,增加患者的骨密度,同时改善患者的临床症状。笔者就中药复方治疗绝经后骨质疏松的作用机制及临床疗效进行综述,旨在为中药复方治疗绝经后骨质疏松症提供数据支持及指导,为今后中药复方开发及靶向治疗绝经后骨质疏松症提供思路。以期指导临床辩证用方,提高对绝经后骨质疏松症的防治率。     

Electrical impedance myography for discriminating traumatic peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity

Objective

To evaluate the potential of electrical impedance myography (EIM), which is sensitive to the changes in muscle structure and physiology, in discriminating traumatic peripheral nerve injury (TPNI) in the upper extremity. To identify factors that primarily influence muscle atrophy secondary to nerve injury.

Electrophysiologic features of ulnar neuropathy in childhood and adolescence

Objective

To analyze patterns of nerve injury in pediatric ulnar neuropathy (PUN).

果酒中功效成分研究

摘要:目的　水果含有丰富的营养物质和植物化学物,果酒则是以各种水果（包括野果）为原料发酵而成。由于果酒中所含活性成分缺乏系统研究报道,因此,本研究拟通过分析酒中所含活性成分,为果酒提供基础科学资料。方法　选取不同原料的市售果酒（5种）,检测其所含的有机酸、黄酮及酚类物质,并用氧自由基吸收能力测定抗氧化性。结果　有机酸是果酒的主要功效成分之一,总有机酸之和在3 485.95～6 313.76 mg/L之间,不同果酒的有机酸组成均有差异;黄酮类化合物也是果酒的主要功效成分,蓝莓酒中种类最丰富,但含量低于山楂酒和红酒;另外,HPLC法还检测出多种酚类物质,山楂酒和红酒中种类最少,但含量高于其他果酒,特别是山楂酒中的表儿茶素（873.57 mg/L）和红酒中的没食子酸（550.62 mg/L）;果酒的ORAC值在1 331.6～21 001.5 μmol Trolox当量/ml之间,蓝莓酒最高。结论　果酒含有丰富的有机酸、黄酮类和多酚类物质,并具有很强的抗氧化能力。     

我国科技期刊英文复合式标题常见问题——基于中外对比与分析

【目的】 分析我国科技期刊英文复合式标题存在的问题,探讨改进策略,以提高我国科技成果的国际传播效率。【方法】检索我国和美国2008 2011年三个理科学科的权威期刊英文复合式标题,对比分析复合式标题的使用频率、形式结构、句法结构及常用表达。【结果】 我国科技期刊英文复合式标题使用频率低,形式结构不灵活,句法结构类型单一,过多套用某些词汇表达模式。【结论】 我国科技期刊英文复合式标题缺乏吸引性和简洁性。     

The relationship between alcohol consumption and oral malodour

Objective : To analyse the relationship between alcohol consumption and oral malodour. Subjects : 235 individuals, aged 46.5 ± 15.3 years (mean ± SD), who complained of oral malodour. Methods : An organoleptic test (OLT) was used to estimate the degree of oral malodour, gas chromatography was used to measure volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs), and a questionnaire was used to gather data about the subjects' habits related to alcohol consumption. Results : Of the 55 individuals who consumed alcohol daily, 17 (30.9%) had strong malodour (OLT score, 4), and there were significant differences among the ‘daily,’ ‘sometimes,’ and ‘no alcohol’ groups (Kruskal‐Wallis test, p < 0.01). The daily group also had a higher VSC concentration than the ‘sometimes’ and ‘no alcohol’ groups (t‐test, p < 0.05), and there was no difference in the VSC concentration among the subjects with strong malodour. Analyses of the relationships between drinking habits and the clinical factors causing oral malodour revealed that daily drinking was positively associated with a probing pocket depth ≥ 5mm (χ² test, p < 0.01). Conclusion : This study found an association between daily alcohol consumption and strong malodour, especially related to periodontal disease.