Modulatory effects of sesamol in dinitrochlorobenzene-induced inflammatory bowel disorder in albino rats

BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of gastrointestinal tract of immune, genetic and environmental origin. In the present study, we examined the effect of sesamol (SES), the main anti-oxidative constituent of Sesamum indicum (sesame seed) Linn. in the dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced model for IBD in rats.MethodsThe groups were divided into normal control, DNCB control, SES and sulfasalazine (SS). On day 24, the rats were killed, colon removed and the macroscopic, biochemical and histopathological evaluations were performed.ResultsThe levels of MPO, TBARS and nitrite increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the DNCB group, whereas reduced significantly in the SES, SS treated groups. Serum nitrite levels were found to be insignificant between the different groups. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly high in the DNCB group.ConclusionsWe conclude the mucosal protective effect of SES on colon due to its potent antioxidant actions. Further investigation is required in a chronic model of different rodent strain for its role involved in the cytokine pathway.     

高压氧对溃疡性结肠炎患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α及白介素-6的影响

目的 探讨高压氧对溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床疗效及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α （TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）的影响.方法 选择94例溃疡性结肠炎患者,随机分为柳氮磺胺吡啶组（对照组,46例）和高压氧联合柳氮磺胺吡啶组（治疗组,48例）.治疗4周后,观察患者的临床症状、结肠镜下黏膜改变以及治疗前后血清TNF-α和IL-6水平的变化.结果 4周后,治疗组临床症状改善和结肠镜下黏膜炎症修复情况优于对照组[（总有效率分别为（89.6％、71.7％）、（89.6％、73.9％）]（P＜0.05）、血清TNF-α和IL-6水平治疗组明显低于对照组[分别为（25.7±6.9、35.2±7.5）ng/L和（12.6 ±2.8、22.8±5.4）ng/L]（P＜0.05）.结论 高压氧能明显改善溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床症状和黏膜炎症;降低血清TNF-α和IL-6水平.     

Experimental and spectroscopic studies of charge transfer reaction between sulfasalazine antibiotic drug with different types of acceptors

The charge-transfer (CT) interactions between the electron donor sulfasalazine (SS) and the acceptors 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), p-chloranil (CHL), picric acid (PA) and iodine have been studied spectrophotometrically in CHCl(3) or CH(3) OH solutions. The formed solid CT complexes were also isolated and characterized through infrared, (1) H-NMR, mass spectra as well as elemental and thermal analysis. The CT complexes were discussed in terms of formation constant (K(CT) ), molar extinction coefficient (ε(CT) ), standard free energy (ΔG°), oscillator strength (f), transition dipole moment (μ), resonance energy (R(N) ) and ionization potential (I(D) ). The stoichiometry of these complexes was found to be 1:1 molar ratio and having the formulae [(SS)(DDQ)], [(SS)(CHL)], [(SS)(PA)] and [(SS)(2) I](+) · I(3) (-) , respectively. The charge transfer interaction was successfully applied to the determination of SS drug using mentioned σ and π-acceptors also, the results obtained herein are satisfactory for estimation of SS compound in the pharmaceutical form.     

Effects of sulfasalazine on lipid peroxidation and histologic liver damage in a rat model of obstructive jaundice and obstructive jaundice with lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis

Background: Sulfasalazine, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), has been found to alleviate oxidative damage, proinflammatory cytokine production, bile-duct proliferation, neutrophil infiltration, and fibrosis. Therefore, it may have a potential effect in attenuating lipid peroxidation and histologic liver damage in patients with biliary obstruction and biliary obstruction with sepsis.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sulfasalazine on lipid peroxidation and histologic liver damage due to obstructive jaundice (OJ) and to OJ with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in an experimental model.Methods: Male Wistar rats, weighing 150 to 220 g, were randomized into 6 groups: OJ; OJ + LPS; OJ + sulfasalazine; OJ + sulfasalazine + LPS (sulfasalazine administered before sepsis); OJ + LPS + sulfasalazine (sulfasalazine administered after sepsis); and sham. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were assessed to monitor lipid peroxidation and neutrophil infiltration in liver tissue. Histologic liver damage was evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin stained slides. Liver tissue NF-κB and caspase-3 expression were studied immunohistopathologically to evaluate lipid peroxidation, liver damage, and hepatocyte apoptosis.Results: Forty-eight rats were evenly randomized into 6 groups of 8. MDA (P = 0.001), MPO (P = 0.001), NF-κB (P = 0.003), caspase-3 expression (P = 0.002), and liver injury scores (P = 0.002) increased significantly in the OJ group compared with the sham group. Compared with the OJ group, MDA (P = 0.030) and MPO levels (P = 0.001), and liver injury scores (P = 0.033) were decreased significantly in the OJ + sulfasalazine group. In the OJ + sulfasalazine + LPS and OJ + LPS + sulfasalazine groups, MDA (P = 0.008 and P = 0.023, respectively) and MPO (both, P = 0.001) were significantly decreased; however, liver NF-κB, caspase-3 expression, and liver injury scores were not significantly different compared with the OJ + LPS group. There was no significant difference between the OJ + LPS + sulfasalazine and OJ + sulfasalazine + LPS groups in regard to all end points when comparing the effects of sulfasalazine administered before or after sepsis.Conclusions: Sulfasalazine was associated with decreased neutrophil accumulation and lipid peroxidation in these rats with OJ. Administration of sulfasalazine before or after LPS-induced sepsis was associated with a reduction in lipid peroxidation and neutrophil accumulation; however, it did not attenuate histologic liver damage. There was no difference between the findings when sulfasalazine was administered before or after sepsis in OJ.     

The use of sulfasalazine and pentoxifylline (low-cost antitumour necrosis factor drugs) as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris: a comparative study

Background  Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) represents a potentially life-threatening autoimmune blistering disease in which IgG autoantibodies are directed against cell–cell adhesion molecules. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α has been suggested to have a possible role in the mechanism underlying acantholysis.
Objectives  This comparative double-blinded study was carried out to estimate the use of both sulfasalazine (SSZ) and pentoxifylline (PTX) (low-cost anti-TNF drugs) as an adjuvant therapy for PV.
Methods  The study included 64 patients with PV: 42 patients received the full treatment regimen (with SSZ and PTX) and 22 patients followed the same regimen except they received placebo instead of PTX and SSZ. Five healthy subjects were included as controls. Serum samples were taken to measure TNF-α levels in the control group and before starting treatment in both the patient groups and this was repeated every 2 weeks for 8 weeks; a clinical assessment was made every week for all the patients.
Results  The serum level of TNF-α was statistically higher in both groups of patients than in the healthy individuals. There was a statistically significant decrease in the serum levels of TNF-α in patients in group 1 compared with those in group 2 at 6 and 8 weeks. There was also a significant clinical improvement in patients in group 1 compared with those in group 2.
Conclusion  The use of PTX and SSZ as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of PV induced a faster and more significant decrease in the serum level of TNF-α, and this decrease was associated with rapid clinical improvement.     

Maternal use of 5-aminosalicylates in early pregnancy and congenital malformation risk in the offspring

Abstract

Objective. Most previous studies have failed to demonstrate any effect of maternal use of 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA) on malformation risk, but the number of infants studied have, in most cases, been low. The objective of the study was to get data from a large study with prospectively ascertained exposure information. Material and methods. The study was based on data in the Swedish Medical Birth Register (1996–2011) where identification of maternal drug use is made from midwife interviews in early pregnancy. The presence of congenital malformations was ascertained from three national registers. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated by the Mantel-Haenszel methodology. Results. Among 1,552,109 women, 3651 with 3721 infants had reported the use of 5-ASAs in early pregnancy. The risk of a major malformation was increased (1.37, 95% confidence interval = 1.17–1.62) and still more for a cardiovascular defect (1.74, 1.37–2.22). This effect seemed to be influenced by concomitant use of systemic glucocorticosteroids or immunosuppressants but some confounding by indication may also exist. There was no marked difference between the four 5-ASA drugs studied. Conclusions. Infants born of women who use 5-ASA drugs in early pregnancy have an increased risk of a congenital malformation, notably a cardiovascular defect. This could be a drug effect or an effect of an active inflammatory bowel disease.     

联合用药治疗类风湿性关节炎10年随访

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎远期治疗方案的选择。方法 用甲氨喋呤（MTX） 柳氮磺胺吡啶（SASP）联合用药治疗早，中期RA54例，用药初期采用综合疗法，待病情基本稳定后，MTX每周10mg，静点或口服：SASP0.5mg，每6h一次口服，并同时服用酵母片保护胃肠功能，观察期每半年复查肝，肾功能、血尿常规一次，每年拍一次双腕手X线片，与原片对照，同时观察副作用。结果 显效27例，好转19例，总有效率83.3%，未见明显副作用。结论 MTX SASP联合用药方案，搭配合理，疗效满意，值得进一步探讨。     

溃克灵治疗克罗恩病22例

目的:观察溃克灵治疗克罗恩病的临床疗效。方法:将40例克罗恩病患者随机分为观察组22例和对照组18例,观察组给予中药溃克灵和5-氨基水杨酸或柳氮磺吡啶治疗。对照组给予强的松和5-氨基水杨酸或柳氮磺吡啶治疗。结果:治疗后两组患者的简化CDAI评分均较治疗前明显降低(P0.01),但组间比较无显著差异(P0.05);治疗后肝肾功能相关指标与治疗前比较两组患者均无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:中药溃克灵治疗克罗恩病安全有效,值得推广。     

痛泻宁颗粒治疗肝郁脾虚型溃疡性结肠炎30例

目的观察痛泻宁颗粒治疗肝郁脾虚型溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的临床疗效与安全性。方法将61例溃疡性结肠炎患者随机分成治疗组和对照组。治疗组30例,采用口服痛泻宁颗粒治疗,每日3次,每次5 g;对照组31例,采用口服柳氮磺胺吡啶(SASP)治疗,每次1.0 g,每日4次。两组疗程均为8周。结果治疗组总有效率为90.00%,明显高于对照组的80.65%;中医证候缓解率,治疗组为90.00%,明显高于对照组的74.19%(P<0.05);两组总有效率、中医证候缓解率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);服药后的不良反应,治疗组明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论痛泻宁颗粒治疗肝郁脾虚型溃疡性结肠炎疗效明显优于柳氮磺胺吡啶,且不良反应少。