不同冷冻保护剂对人类精子冷冻复苏后活动能力的影响

目的:比较添加葡萄糖或蔗糖的冷冻保护剂对人类精子冷冻复苏后活动力的影响。方法:将50例志愿者的精液标本分别采用添加葡萄糖或蔗糖的保护剂冷冻,比较精子复苏后的活动力。结果:冷冻前,前向活动精子百分率为(58.4±5.7)%,活动率为(63.4±6.1)%,采用添加葡萄糖的冷冻保护剂冷冻复苏后的前向活动精子百分率为(43.8±7.6)%,活动率为(48.4±7.6)%;采用添加蔗糖的冷冻保护剂冷冻复苏后的前向活动精子百分率为(42.6±8.9)%,活动率为(48.0±8.5)%。冷冻前后精子的前向活动百分率和总活动率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),采用2种不同的冷冻保护剂冷冻复苏后的精子前向活动百分率和总活动率没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:冷冻对精子活动力损伤明显,添加蔗糖作为精子冷冻的保护剂是可行的。     

Effect of fructose or sucrose feeding with different levels on oral glucose tolerance test in normal and type 2 diabetic rats

This study was designed to determine whether acute fructose or sucrose administration at different levels (0.05 g/kg, 0.1 g/kg or 0.4 g/kg body weight) might affect oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in normal and type 2 diabetic rats. In OGTT, there were no significant differences in glucose responses between acute fructose- and sucrose-administered groups. However, in normal rats, the AUCs of the blood glucose response for the fructose-administered groups tended to be lower than those of the control and sucrose-administered groups. The AUCs of the lower levels fructoseor sucrose-administered groups tended to be smaller than those of higher levels fructose- or sucrose-administered groups. In type 2 diabetic rats, only the AUC of the lowest level of fructose-administered (0.05 g/kg body weight) group was slightly smaller than that of the control group. The AUCs of fructose-administered groups tended to be smaller than those of the sucrose-administered groups, and the AUCs of lower levels fructose-administered groups tended to be smaller than those fed higher levels of fructose. We concluded from this experiment that fructose has tendency to be more effective in blood glucose regulation than sucrose, and moreover, that smaller amount of fructose is preferred to larger amount. Specifically, our experiments indicated that the fructose level of 0.05 g/kg body weight as dietary supplement was the most effective amount for blood glucose regulation from the pool of 0.05 g/kg, 0.1 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg body weights. Therefore, our results suggest the use of fructose as the substitute sweetener for sucrose, which may be beneficial for blood glucose regulation.     

Effect of Haloperidol Dacanoate on the Cardiovascular System

Abstract: Rapid speed electrocardiograms were recorded in 13 chronic schizophrenic patients before, and at regular intervals during a six-month trial of haloperidol decanoate. Measurements of conduction intervals in the EEG were carried out blind to patient and to assessment interval. No significant changes in heart rate; PR, QRS on QTc intervals; or T-wave height were found. Neither was there a significant change in the blood pressure. The findings confirm that haloperidol does not have clinically relevant cardiac effects when given in therapeutic doses to physically healthy individuals.     

Β-Lactam resistance in Streptococcus mitis isolated from saliva of healthy subjects

The purpose of this study was to examine the percentage of -lactam-resistant streptococcal carriers in healthy adults, and to investigate the relationships among minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of -lactams, alterations in the penicillin-binding protein genes (pbp genes), and the affinity of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) for ampicillin (ABPC) in Streptococcus mitis. We also compared numbers of surviving bacteria at various ABPC concentrations in both ABPC-susceptible and -resistant S. mitis strains. The percentages of subjects carrying ABPC- and cefaclor (CCL)-resistant streptococci were 52% (27 of 52 subjects) and 100%, respectively. S. mitis, including both antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains, were classified into five groups according to the pbp gene mutations that resulted in alterations of the deduced amino-acid sequence in the homology boxes of PBPs. All ABPC-resistant strains showed alterations in PBP1A, 2X, and 2B, while no or only PBP2X alterations were detected in the susceptible strains. These results suggest that the accumulation of pbp gene mutations is strongly related to the MIC of ABPC for S. mitis. In the resistant strains, the affinity of PBPs for ABPC was reduced in comparison with that in the susceptible strains, and the bactericidal effect of ABPC was also reduced. Therefore, we should be aware of conditions such as infective endocarditis that are caused by -lactam-nonsusceptible streptococci in the normal oral flora.     

Quantitative monitoring of brain function,vital signs,and hormonal response during acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia

Acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia provokes changes in central nervous system activity and release of counterregulatory hormones. The clinical relationship between central nervous system activity, hormone secretion, and vital signs has not to our knowledge been previously reported. We used computerized electroencephalographic (CEEG) analysis to monitor 5 nondiabetic subjects during acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia (0.75 U/kg intravenous push). Their glucose nadir was 38±6 mg/dl (mean ± 1 SD). A three-phase pattern of change in CEEG power in response to hypoglycemia was observed: phase 1 was characterized by an increase in total CEEG power (natural log of activity = 9.1±1.3 µV²) over baseline (8.7±1.2 µV²) in the theta, delta, and beta frequency bands. This phase preceded and coincided with the glucose nadir. During phase 2, power in all frequency bands fell significantly below baseline. A nadir in CEEG power (8.0±1.6 µV²) occurred 40 to 55 minutes after insulin injection as glucose levels were rising. During phase 3 there was a return to baseline in CEEG power and frequency spectra. Heart rate increase just before phase 1; peak heart rate (91±8 beats/min) coincided with peak CEEG power and was significantly higher than basal rate (71±11,P<0.05). A significant increase in respiratory rate occurred during phase 1 of the CEEG and persisted through phase 2. A significant decrease in mean blood pressure (nadir = 73±6 mm Hg) below preinsulin blood pressure (81±8 mm Hg,P<0.05) coincided with the nadir of CEEG power in phase 2. Blood pressure returned to basal levels during phase 3. Peak plasma epinephrine (652±207 versus 46±30 pg/ml), norepinephrine (500±219 versus 273±107 pg/ml), and pancreatic polypeptide levels (1,023±689 versus 114±24 pg/ml) were all significantly elevated over respective basal concentrations (P<0.05). Peak hormone levels occurred during CEEG phase 2. This study demonstrates a temporal association of changes in CEEG power, vital signs, and hormonal secretion. These techniques may be applicable for further investigation of the clinical neuroendocrinology of the response to acute hypoglycemia.Supported in part by the Diabetes Research and Education Fund and the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation.The authors thank Diane Ogorzalek and Patsy Thomas for secretarial assistance and Pediatric Endocrine Unit nurses Debra Pitarra and Joyce Hylton. Baiba Pironis performed the catecholamine assays. Specific reagents for the human pancreatic polypeptide assay were provided through the courtesy of Dr Ronald Chance, Lilly, Indianapolis, IN. Presented in part at the 70th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, New Orleans, June 1988, and at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiology, San Francisco, October 1988.     

米邦塔仙人掌果胶对小鼠慢性不可预知温和应激所致抑郁样症状的改善作用

目的:研究米邦塔仙人掌果胶(milpa alta cactus pectin,MCP)对小鼠慢性不可预知温和应激(CUMS)后体重和糖水偏好的影响。方法:健康雄性昆明种小鼠60只随机分为5组:正常对照组、CUMS组、MCP低剂量组(50 mg/kg)、MCP中剂量组(100 mg/kg)、MCP高剂量组(200 mg/kg),各10只。采用11种应激因子,建立CUMS模型,给予小鼠应激6周。通过测量糖水摄入和小鼠体重变化率,评价MCP对抑郁样症状的改善作用。结果:CUMS组小鼠体重增长率、糖水摄入量都显著低于正常对照组(P0.05);与CUMS组比较,MCP中、高剂量组小鼠体重变化率、糖水摄入量明显增加(P0.05)。结论:MCP对CUMS所致抑郁样症状具有一定的改善作用。     

重组人促红素、蔗糖铁联合左卡尼丁治疗肾性贫血的疗效观察

目的：探讨重组人促红素（EPO）、蔗糖铁联合左卡尼丁治疗肾性贫血的临床疗效和对患者氧化应激水平的影响。方法：选取2014年2月~2016年4月我院收治的肾性贫血患者60例,随机分为观察组30例与对照组30例,对照组患者接受EPO联合蔗糖铁治疗,观察组患者接受EPO、蔗糖铁联合左卡尼丁治疗。疗程结束后记录并比较两组患者的临床治疗效果、铁代谢指标水平和氧化应激水平。结果：观察组患者Hb、Hct、SI和SF水平均优于对照组患者（P＜0.05）,其AOPP水平低于对照组患者,而SOD与GSH-PX水平均高于对照组患者,治疗总有效率为96.67%,高于对照组的80.00%（P＜0.05）。结论：EPO、蔗糖铁联合左卡尼丁治疗肾性贫血,能够改善贫血症状和铁代谢指标,降低机体氧化应激水平,可作为血液透析并发肾性贫血患者的治疗手段推广应用。     

恒定和波动高糖对大鼠肾系膜细胞损伤及RAGE表达的影响

目的 研究恒定和波动高糖对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(GMC)损伤及细胞晚期糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)表达的影响,探讨糖尿病肾病的病理损伤机制.方法 将体外培养的大鼠GMC在恒定和波动高糖培养基中培养,分别于24 h、48 h进行细胞学形态观察,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法测定细胞存活率,生化法测定培养上清液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛的含量,RT-PCR检测细胞RAGE mRNA的表达情况.结果 波动高糖组在细胞形态、SOD活性、丙二醛含量、RAGE mRNA的表达与正常对照组和恒定高糖组相比均有明显差异(P＜0.05).结论 波动高糖造成大鼠GMC损伤比恒定高糖更为严重,是导致糖尿病肾病发生的重要原因之一.     

Correlation of tissue concentrations of the pyrethroid bifenthrin with neurotoxicity in the rat

The potential for human exposure to pyrethroid pesticides has prompted pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic research to better characterize risk. This work tested the hypothesis that blood and brain concentrations of the pyrethroid bifenthrin are predictive of neurotoxic effects. Adult male Long Evans rats received a single oral dose of bifenthrin dissolved in corn oil. Using figure-eight mazes, motor activity was measured for 1 h at 4- and 7-h following exposure to bifenthrin (0-16 mg/kg or 0-9 mg/kg, respectively; n = 4-8/group). Whole blood and brains were collected immediately following motor activity assays. Bifenthrin concentrations in blood and brain were quantified using HPLC/MS/MS. Bifenthrin exposure decreased motor activity from 20% to 70% in a dose-dependent manner at both time points. The relationship between motor activity data and administered dose, and blood and brain bifenthrin concentrations were described using a sigmoidal E_max model. The relationships between motor activity and administered dose or blood concentrations were different between the 4- and 7-h time points. The relationship between motor activity and brain concentration was not significantly different between the two time points. These data suggest that momentary brain concentration of bifenthrin may be a more precise dose metric for predicting behavioral effects because the relationship between brain concentration and locomotor activity is independent of the time of exposure.