空气细菌采样器室内采样效果比较

对不同工作原理的4种采样器进行空气中细菌采样效果比较。结果表明,安德森采样器对空气细菌的捕获率高,重复性好,并可测定细菌气溶胶粒子的大小,建议作为标准采样器使用。     

双介入治疗肝门部胆管癌的临床应用研究

目的：观察经皮肝胆管引流（PTCD）金属内支架植入术联合125I放射性粒子永久性植入术对肝门部胆管癌的临床治疗效果。方法：回顾性研究确诊为肝门部胆管癌的患者67例,分为两组：A组35例（PTCD金属内支架植入组）、B组32例（PTCD金属内支架植入＋125I放射性粒子植入组）,通过观察术后减黄效果、肿瘤大小变化、生存率及再梗阻时间,分析PTCD金属内支架植入术联合125I放射性粒子植入术治疗肝门部胆管癌的临床效果。结果：术后15天A、B两组总胆红素均下降且两组差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;术后3月A组总胆红素水平升高,B组未发现回升;术后6个月A、B两组总体有效率（CR＋PR）分别为15%（3/20）,72.4%（21/29）,A、B两组差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;术后6个月、12个月、36个月生存率,B组为90.6%（29/32）,74.3%（26/32）,40%（14/32）,明显高于A组的57.1%（20/35）,34.3%（12/35）,8.6%（3/35）（P〈0.05）。结论：PTCD金属内支架植入术为姑息性治疗;PTCD金属内支架植入术联合125I放射性粒子永久性植入术能达到较理想的治疗效果,并发症少,且提高患者的生存期,具有较高的临床价值。     

静脉注射人免疫球蛋白（pH4）不溶性微粒检测方法的建立

目的建立静脉注射人免疫球蛋白（pH4）不溶性微粒检测的方法。方法光阻法;溶剂：微粒检查用水。结果测定了4个生产企业生产的12批静脉注射人免疫球蛋白（pH4）样品,平均微粒加样回收率为101.2%。结论本方法简便、灵敏、准确,可用于静脉注射人免疫球蛋白（pH4）的质量控制。     

β‐amyloid and ATP‐induced diffusional trapping of astrocyte and neuronal metabotropic glutamate type‐5 receptors

β‐Amyloid (Aβ) oligomers initiate synaptotoxicity following their interaction with the plasma membrane. Several proteins including metabotropic glutamate type 5 receptors (mGluR5s) contribute to this process. We observed an overexpression of mGluR5s in reactive astrocytes surrounding Aβ plaques in brain sections from an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. In a simplified cell culture system, using immunocytochemistry and single molecule imaging, we demonstrated a rapid binding of Aβ oligomers on the plasma membrane of astrocytes. The resulting aggregates of Aβ oligomers led to the diffusional trapping and clustering of mGluR5s. Further, Aβ oligomers induced an increase in ATP release following activation of astroglial mGluR5s by its agonist. ATP slowed mGluR5s diffusion in astrocytes as well as in neurons co‐cultured with astrocytes. This effect, which is purinergic receptor‐dependent, was not observed in pure neuronal cultures. Thus, Aβ oligomer‐ and mGluR5‐dependent ATP release by astrocytes may contribute to the overall deleterious effect of mGluR5s in Alzheimer's disease. GLIA 2013;61:1673–1686     

In situ reprogramming to transdifferentiate fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes using adenoviral vectors: Implications for clinical myocardial regeneration

Objective

The reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocyte-like cells improves ventricular function in myocardial infarction models. Only integrating persistent expression vectors have thus far been used to induce reprogramming, potentially limiting its clinical applicability. We therefore tested the reprogramming potential of nonintegrating, acute expression adenoviral (Ad) vectors.

磨损颗粒体内诱导血管内皮生长因子的表达

[目的]研究植骨气囊模型体内血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达及变化规律,探讨其在人工关节无菌性松动发生过程中的作用。[方法]建立人工关节无菌性松动小鼠植骨气囊模型,在实验组小鼠气囊内注入磨损颗粒悬浮液,对照组气囊内注入生理盐水,分别于植骨后1、2、3周分批处死小鼠,取囊壁连同颅骨片组织行HE染色观察囊壁炎症反应、骨片边缘溶解情况,半定量RT-PCR及免疫组织化学染色法观察VEGF基因及蛋白表达量的变化。[结果]接受磨损颗粒的实验组在各时间点VEGF基因表达量及阳性细胞率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),其中以2周时表达量最高(P<0.05);且实验组炎症反应、骨片边缘溶解情况及微血管数量也相应地明显于对照组。[结论]磨损颗粒在体内可以诱导VEGF的表达,VEGF在假体周围微血管的生成、炎性细胞浸润及骨溶解中起重要作用。     

Proton Therapy for Skull Base Chordomas: An Outcome Study from the University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute

Objectives Skull base chordoma is a rare, locally aggressive tumor located adjacent to critical structures. Gross total resection is difficult to achieve, and proton therapy has the conformal advantage of delivering a high postoperative dose to the tumor bed. We present our experience using proton therapy to treat 33 patients with skull base chordomas. Design Retrospective outcomes study. Setting University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute; 2007 to 2011. Participants A total of 33 patients with skull base chordomas received postoperative three-dimensional conformal proton therapy. The patients were 79% male and 6% diabetic; 27% had received a gross total resection. Main Outcome Measures The gross tumor/tumor bed received a dose between 77.4 CGE and 79.4 CGE. Local control and overall survival were tracked, and radiation toxicity was assessed using a modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring Scheme. Results Median follow-up for all patients was 21 months. Local control and overall survival rates at 2 years were 86% and 92%, respectively. Grade 2 toxicity was observed in 18% of our cohort in the form of unilateral hearing loss partially corrected with a hearing aid. No grade 2 or higher optic or brainstem toxicities were observed. Conclusions Proton therapy is an effective treatment modality for skull base chordomas.     

Single particle adsorbing transfer system

Here we present a novel approach for horizontal transfer of single particles after laser microdissection. The developed technique is a single particle adsorbing system for highly selective and gentle horizontal transfer of microdissected fixed and living material. As mediated via low-pressure technology, the transfer process can be precisely controlled, thus facilitating horizontal particle transfer of any isolated material, e.g. tissue material, single cells or chromosomes, in addition to precise positioning for sample release. This collection method allows one to predefine target positions and enables material transfer without contamination to any planar microchip device. This contamination free transfer is indispensable for novel lab-on-a-chip systems performing nanoscale polymerase chain reaction analyses. Using virtual reaction chamber microdevices, small amounts of microdissected material—as little as one single cell—can be directly transmitted and immediately used for single cell analysis. Daniela Woide and Veronika Mayer contributed equally to this paper.