Effect of ambient temperature on hyperthermia and hyperkinesis induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or “ecstasy”) in rats

A stress-free, biotelemetric monitoring technique was used to investigate the effects of ambient temperature (T _a) on the hyperthermic and hyperkinetic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. In the first experiment a single injection of 5.0 or 7.5 mg/kg MDMA produced hyperthermia in rats maintained at aT _a of 24°C but hypothermia in rats maintained at aT _a of 11°C for 24 h prior to the injection. In contrast, hyperkinesis was induced at bothT _as. In the second experiment, the effects of acute MDMA administration was compared in rats maintained at a standardT _a of 24°C and in rats which were placed in a cool (11°C) room for a brief (90-min) period commencing 30 min after the injection. The brief exposure to the cool environment produced significant attenuation of MDMA-induced hyperthermia but did not affect the magnitude of hyperkinesis. The implications of the results for the understanding of the thermotoxic effects of MDMA in human drug users are discussed.     

Prone position may increase temperature around the head of the infant

Recommendations to adopt the supine position were followed by a dramatic decrease of SIDS. But no explanation has been given for the association between SIDS and the prone position nor for its decrease in the supine position. We report data on an infant and a mannequin demonstrating an increase in temperature around the head in the prone position. A 4-month-old boy presented an acute life-threatening event related to temperature after febrile otitis despite treatment: 40.5°C, heart rate 280 bpm with circulatory failure and cardiorespiratory arrest requiring resuscitation. There were no seizures. Blood and CSF cultures were negative. The course under antibiotics was favourable. On d 3, we measured temperature at several sites on and around the heat. Temperatures were higher in the prone than in the supine position in pericephalic areas: + 1°C (supracephalic), +2.5°C (peritemporal), and +3.5°C (submandibular). In a thermoregulated room, we used a mechanically ventilated mannequin of an infant. The prone position was also associated with an increase in temperature around the head: +3.3°C (supracephalic), +1.8°C (peritemporal), and +1.1°C (submandibular). Changing from the supine to prone position thus increased temperature around the head (infant and mannequin). To our knowledge, this has not been reported before. SIDS is related to factors modifying temperature status and environment. Furthermore, evacuation of heat is mandatory for an infant. We think the increase in temperature around the head in the prone position is due to the absence of convective fluxes, and speculate it could impair thermolysis.     

Diagnostic model for local temporal thermal change at the skin of the breast during extended application of diagnostic ultrasound

A biophysical model is derived to account for the temporal thermalchange at the skin of the breast as a result of ultrasound stimulationat the suspect lesion for seven minutes, with responses recordedusing an infrared camera. Twenty-two patients were studied.The observed temporal responses for malignant cases have a differentpattern from those of the benign cases studied and a mathematicalmodel is used to investigate the controlling parameters. A newmethod is used to estimate the coefficients of the resultingdifference equation which allows more useful diagnostic parametersto be computed than the corresponding continuous bioheat equation.The model is used to fit the experimental data. The resultssuggest that this method might be a rapid and noninvasive aidfor distinguishing between benign and malignant breast tumours.     

The Combined Effects of High Temperature and Carbon Monoxide on Heat Stress Response

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The febrile stress of routine vaccination does not increase central apnoea in normal infants

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that the febrile stress of routine vaccination would increase central apnoea in normal infants. Twenty-one normal infants had continuous overnight breathing and temperature recorded at home, before and after 58 routine vaccination episodes. Central apnoea, of at least 5 sec duration, was detected by computer algorithm and confirmed by human inspection. The longest recorded apnoea was 16 sec ( n = 1) during 3629 h of sleep. Overnight rectal temperature increased after vaccination (median 0.52°C, 95% CI 0.40, 0.65). Apnoea density reduced on 46/53 vaccination nights (median -29%, 95% CI -20, -37) followed by an increase on subsequent nights (median +10%, 95% CI +1%, +21%). Overall, apnoea density was similar during the 3 nights preceding and 4 nights following vaccination (median +1%, 95% CI +9,-6). The febrile stress of routine vaccination did not increase central apnoea in normal infants.     

外科手术前后C-反应蛋白测定的临床分析

目的　分析手术前后监测 C 反应蛋白(CRP)的临床价值。　方法　选择骨科住院手术的病人160例,分析手术前后CRP监测结果,并与病人体温、白细胞总数(WBC)、血沉(ESR)的相关性、预防应用抗生素的情况进行分析。CRP测定采用免疫浊度法,日立 7060 全自动生化分析仪检测。　结果　手术前CRP检测率为52 50%,CRP (12 21±13 79) mg/L;术前升高30例,占35 71%,CRP为(25 41±15 87 ) mg/L。手术后次日 CRP ( 65 45±16 67 ) mg/L, > 20 mg/L 的 79 例,占94 05%;术后3~4 d CRP (49 46±15 78) mg/L,>20 mg/L的68例,占79 07%;术后5~6 d CRP(29 13±15 30) mg/L,>20 mg/L的43例,占41 35%;术后7 d以后 CRP (25 09±13 23) mg/L,>20 mg/L的17例,占34 00%。CRP与体温相关系数为0 7717(P<0 01),CRP与WBC相关系数为0 5822(P<0 01),CRP与ESR相关系数为0 3058(P<0 05)。术前应用抗生素预防和治疗感染143例,占89 73%,术后应用抗生素 149 例,达 93 12%。　结论　CRP对手术的应激反应敏感,与临床表现吻合较好;术后CRP恢复较慢,70%的病例是在术后第 6 天才下降到 20 mg/L以下;CRP与体温、WBC的相关性密切,可以相互印证;CRP临床价值的利用不够充分。     

普通冰箱低温保存自体颅骨回植应用于儿童颅骨缺损2例

目的 探讨普通冰箱低温保存自体颅骨回植应用于儿童颅骨回植应用于儿童颅骨缺损的临床效果。并与其他方法进行比较。方法 利用普通冰箱低温保存自体颅骨瓣。回植时经煮沸高压蒸气灭菌后，原位回植于颅骨缺损处。结果 2例颅骨缺损患经治疗，回植骨瓣顺利完成爬行替代过程，达到愈合。结论 该法应用于儿童颅骨缺损患是切实可行的，不受任何条件限制。可随时进行颅骨回植，克服了其他方法的局限性，并具有保存方法简单，无排斥反应，不影响儿童头颅发育等优点。     

应用于载人航天器舱内散热的热管技术研究

论述了氨／铝轴向槽道热管的试验结果及其在载人航天器舱内温控技术中的应用，并对热管的技术性能及板翅结构式热管热交换器的设计、热性能计算进行了分析研究。结果指出，热管热交换器的热性能满足设计要求，经过多年的地面停放对热管热交换器的换热能力没有影响。外方内圆的热管结构设计合理。为热管技术在载人航天器的应用提出了可靠的实践经验。     

小冲杆试验法及其在评定材料韧性方面的应用

多位研究者证明 ,作为微试样技术之一的小冲杆试验法可以代替传统试验方法测出材料的各项力学性能。本文简要介绍了这种新型试验方法的工作原理 ,并详细介绍和分析了用小冲杆试验技术测定材料延脆性转变温度 ( DBTT或 FATT)及断裂韧性 ( KIC或 JIC)等韧性指标的研究工作 ,探讨了将此项微试样技术用于高温服役材料韧性评定的可行性     

大鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450在体温调节中作用的探讨

目的：观察发热、降温和解热时大鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P50(CYP450)含量的变化，探讨CYP450在体温调节中的作用。方法：数字温度计连续监测大鼠体温，并用改进的木村和佐藤方法测量第1次注射不同试剂后24h CYP450含量。以腹腔注射生理盐水后大鼠作为对照。结果：腹腔注射脂多糖后大鼠体温升高(P＜0．05)，注射后24h CYP450含量下降(p＜0．05)；注射丁香酚后体温下降(P＜0．05)，注射后24h CYP450含量增加(P＜0．05)；腹腔注射脂多糖后3h再腹腔注射丁香酚体温先升高然后恢复，注射后24h CYP450含量与对照组差并不显著。结论：CYP450含量变化与体温变化方向相反，CYP450可能有解热的作用。