Fundamental signatures of short- and long-range electron transfer for the blue copper protein azurin at Au/SAM junctions

The blue copper protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, azurin, immobilized at gold electrodes through hydrophobic interaction with alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the general type [-S - (CH₂)_n - CH₃] (n = 4, 10, and 15) was employed to gain detailed insight into the physical mechanisms of short- and long-range biomolecular electron transfer (ET). Fast scan cyclic voltammetry and a Marcus equation analysis were used to determine unimolecular standard rate constants and reorganization free energies for variable n, temperature (2–55 °C), and pressure (5–150 MPa) conditions. A novel global fitting procedure was found to account for the reduced ET rate constant over almost five orders of magnitude (covering different n, temperature, and pressure) and revealed that electron exchange is a direct ET process and not conformationally gated. All the ET data, addressing SAMs with thickness variable over ca. 12 Å, could be described by using a single reorganization energy (0.3 eV), however, the values for the enthalpies and volumes of activation were found to vary with n. These data and their comparison with theory show how to discriminate between the fundamental signatures of short- and long-range biomolecular ET that are theoretically anticipated for the adiabatic and nonadiabatic ET mechanisms, respectively.     

术中主动保温措施对患者术后体温的影响

目的探讨术中主动保温措施对患者术后体温的影响。方法收集50例开胸手术患者进行术中低体温监测,并对其25例采取积极主动的保温措施,观察术中低体温开胸患者围手术期的临床指标。结果实施保暖措施后保温组的血压、心率明显低于常规组(p<0.05),差异有统计学意义。保温组内比较保温组术前、术中、术毕及术后2h的体温、血压、心率比较差异无统计学意义(p>0.05),常规组术中、术毕明显低于术前的体温,比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论术中主动保温和对术后体温的有效监测调节是保证麻醉手术成功、降低手术后并发症的重要措施之一。     

关于体温不高发热机制的中西医探讨

＂发热待查＂是大多数患者就诊时常见的临床诊断,对其机制的研究是有极大的临床意义的。现在西医多用体温调定点学说来解释发热的机制,但用该学说来解释中医学里的＂五心烦热＂、＂潮热＂、＂骨蒸发热＂等低热现象时就显得捉襟见肘,而将体温不高的发热归属于功能性疾病,鉴于西医对功能性疾病的发病机制不甚清楚,故着重用中医对体温不高的发热机制进行了探讨,扩充了有关发热机制的理论知识。     

正交试验提取西洋参中总皂苷的研究

目的优选西洋参最佳提取工艺。方法采用正交试验法,以西洋参中总皂苷为评价指标,优选实际大生产中西洋参乙醇常温提取的最佳工艺条件。结果通过试验,认为加入5倍量60%乙醇,常温提取3次,每次48h为最佳提取条件,在此条件下可以有效的提取西洋参中的总皂苷。结论本试验可为工业大生产中合理地提取西洋参中总皂苷提供参考。     

Multi‐Component Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidines by Iodine Catalyst at Ambient Temperature and in‐vitro Antimycobacterial Activity

An efficient and simple three‐component domino synthesis of some new dihydropyrimidines (DHPMs) from aromatic aldehydes, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and N‐(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)urea using molecular iodine as catalyst is described. The 1‐substituted dihydropyrimidines were isolated in good to excellent yields (78‐90%) within a short reaction time (4‐6 h) at ambient temperature. The biological evaluation revealed that the newly synthesized compounds ( 4a ‐ i and 5a ‐ i ) exhibited moderate antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H₃₇ RV.     

上海市气温变化对医院急诊人次的影响

目的 研究上海市日均气温与三级医院医保急诊人次的关系.方法 应用广义相加模型分析时间序列资料,并在模型中加入自回归模型AR(P)处理时间序列资料自相关的问题,在控制了与时间有关的中长期趋势、星期效应、节假日效应、SARS事件、大气污染等混杂因素的基础上,拟合二次函数结合导数原理分析上海市2002-2004年间日均气温与三级医院医保急诊人次的关系.结果 当气温低于14.71℃时,气温每升高1℃对应急诊人次增加艘值的95%C/均小于1;当气温高于19.59℃时,气温每升高1℃对应急诊人次增加RR值的95%CI均大于1;而在温度段为14.71～19.59%,气温每升高1℃对应急诊人次增加RR值的95%CI包含1,称之为"最适温度段".结论 目前上海市日均气温偏离最适温度段时,气温变化对三级医院医保急诊人次有影响.     

气温变化与心脑血管疾病急诊关系的病例交叉研究

目的 探讨北京市日平均气温与心脑血管疾病急诊(ICD-10:I00～I99)的关系,研究气温变化对心脑血管疾病的影响.方法 收集北京大学第三医院急诊科心脑血管疾病急诊资料、北京市气象资料和北京市大气污染物数据,应用时间分层的病例交叉设计研究方法分析春季(3-5月)、夏季(6-8月)、秋季(9-11月)、冬季(12-2月)日平均气温与心脑血管疾病急诊的关系.结果 在控制二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)及大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)影响的情况下,春季、夏季、秋季、冬季当日平均气温对心脑血管疾病急诊的影响最大,平均气温每升高1℃与心脑血管疾病急诊的OR值分别为1.282(95%CI:1.250 ～1.315)、1.027(95% CI:1.001～1.055)、0.661(95% CI:0.637～0.687)、0.960(95%CI:0.937～0.984),关联有统计学意义(P<0.05).当同时调整相对湿度、风速、大气压强的影响时,春季、夏季、秋季、冬季平均气温与心脑血管疾病急诊的OR值分别为1.423(95%CI:1.377～1.471)、1.082(95%CI:1.041～1.124)、0.633(95%CI:0.607～0.660)、0.971(95%CI:0.944～1.000).关联有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 春季、夏季日平均气温升高可以导致心脑血管疾病急诊人次增加,说明春夏季气温升高对心脑血管疾病患者是危险因素,应注意防暑;秋季、冬季气温升高可以导致心脑血管疾病急诊减少,说明秋冬季气温升高对心脑血管疾病患者是保护性因素,应注意保暖.     

Prime–boost vaccination with a fowlpox vector and an inactivated avian influenza vaccine is highly immunogenic in Pekin ducks challenged with Asian H5N1 HPAI

The efficacy of different vaccination schedules was evaluated in 17-day-old Pekin ducks using an experimental inactivated whole virus vaccine based on the H5N9 A/chicken/Italy/22A/98 isolate (H5N9-It) and/or a fowlpox recombinant (vFP-H5) expressing a synthetic HA gene from an Asian H5N1 isolate (A/chicken/Indonesia/7/2003). Full protection against clinical signs and shedding was induced by the different vaccination schemes. However, the broadest antibody response and the lowest antibody increase after challenge were observed in the group of ducks whose immune system was primed with the fowlpox vectored vaccine and boosted with the inactivated vaccine, suggesting that this prime-boost strategy induced optimal immunity against H5N1 and minimal viral replication after challenge in ducks. In addition, this prime-boost vaccination scheme was shown to be immunogenic in 1-day-old ducklings.     

Chemopreventive effect of raw and cooked lentils (Lens culinaris L) and soybeans (Glycine max) against azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci

Although lentils (Lens culinaris L) contain several bioactive compounds that have been linked to the prevention of cancer, the in vivo chemopreventive ability of lentils against chemically induced colorectal cancer has not been examined. Our present study examined the hypothesis that lentils could suppress the early carcinogenesis in vivo by virtue of their bioactive micro- and macroconstituents and that culinary thermal treatment could affect their chemopreventive potential. To accomplish this goal, we used raw whole lentils (RWL), raw split lentils (RSL), cooked whole lentils (CWL), and cooked split lentils (CSL). Raw soybeans (RSB; Glycine max) were used for the purpose of comparison with a well-studied chemopreventive agent. Sixty weanling Fischer 344 male rats, 4 to 5 weeks of age, were randomly assigned to 6 groups (10 rats/group): the control group (C) received AIN-93G diet, and treatment leguminous groups of RWL, CWL, RSL, CSL, and RSB received the treatment diets containing AIN-93G+5% of the above-mentioned legumes. After acclimatization for 1 week (at 5th to 6th week of age), all animals were put on the control and treatment diets separately for 5 weeks (from 6th to 11th week of age). At the end of the 5th week of feeding (end of 11th week of age), all rats received 2 subcutaneous injections of azoxymethane carcinogen at 15 mg/kg rat body weight per dose once a week for 2 consecutive weeks. After 17 weeks of the last azoxymethane injection (from 12th to 29th week of age), all rats were euthanized. Chemopreventive ability was assessed using colonic aberrant crypt foci and activity of hepatic glutathione-S-transferases. Significant reductions (P < .05) were found in total aberrant crypt foci number (mean ± SEM) for RSB (27.33 ± 4.32), CWL (33.44 ± 4.56), and RSL (37.00 ± 6.02) in comparison with the C group (58.33 ± 8.46). Hepatic glutathione-S-transferases activities increased significantly (P < .05) in rats fed all treatment diets (from 51.38 ± 3.66 to 67.94 ± 2.01 μmol mg⁻¹ min⁻¹) when compared with control (C) diet (26.13 ± 1.01 μmol mg⁻¹ min⁻¹). Our findings indicate that consumption of lentils might be protective against colon carcinogenesis and that hydrothermal treatment resulted in an improvement in the chemopreventive potential for the whole lentils.