2011-2013年九江地区手足口病临床特征和病原变化分析

目的：分析近3年九江地区引发手足口病病原变化和相应临床特点,指导该地区手足口病的防护,并能为国内手足口病的预防及病原学的变化提供临床数据。方法：采用回顾性分析方法,对2011年至2013年度我院收治的手足口病患儿的性别、年龄、发病时间、居住地、接触史、临床表现、辅助检查、病原学结果和临床转归等进行综合分析。病原学通过咽拭子RT-PCR方法分析。结果：4 222例手足口病患者年龄分布在4个月-11岁。1-5岁患儿占该病发病人数占94.5%,城郊及农村病例多于市区,占61.5%。普通型病例主要表现为手、足、口皮疹（88.7%）,发热（73.3%）,心肌酶升高（78.5%）;重症病例达419例,主要表现为神经系统、循环系统并发症,该类患儿年龄多在1-3岁,常伴有外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞增高等现象,重症病例的病原检测结果肠道病毒71型占77.1%,柯萨奇病毒A16型占15.5%,其它类型肠道病毒感染占7.4%。结论：手足口病已成为幼儿常发病,高发人群为1-5岁的儿童,城郊及农村仍是该病防治的重点区域;手足口病导致神经和循环系统并发症是危害患儿的主要并发症;重症、危重症病例主要见于EV71感染,但是随着其他肠道病毒感染数量的增加,危重症手足口病的比率将会上升;各年度病原学变化有待进一步长期监测。     

Experimental and Numerical Study on Uniaxial Compression Failure of Concrete Confined by Nylon Ties

The developments in the cisvil engineering fields have led to an increased demand for structural reinforcements. Therefore, designing an effective, green, convenient, and low-cost reinforcement method is considerably important. Nylon ties have high strength and good heat resistance, and they can retain good tensile properties after high-temperature cooling. Further, they are inexpensive and can be recycled. Thus, they are considered suitable for structural reinforcement engineering. In this study, the core concrete was reinforced by the active confinement of prestressed nylon ties. A uniaxial compression test was performed to evaluate the reinforcement effect of the preload generated by the high-temperature cooling of the tie rod on the core concrete. The results show that nylon ties can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the core concrete. Combined with numerical simulation technology, a damage model of a confined concrete column (CC) was established, and the damage evolution law of CC under uniaxial axial compression was analyzed. Combined with numerical simulation and experimental research, the effectiveness of nylon tie reinforced concrete and the reliability of the damage model were verified, providing a reference for research on engineering reinforcement.     

Numerical Analysis of Physical Characteristics and Heat Transfer Decoupling Behavior in Bypass Coupling Variable Polarity Plasma Arc

A novel bypass coupling variable polarity plasma arc was proposed to achieve the accurate adjusting of heat and mass transfer in the welding and additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy. However, the physical characteristics and decoupled transfer behavior remain unclear, restricting its application and development. A three-dimensional model of the bypass coupling variable polarity plasma arc was built based on Kirchhoff’s law, the main arc and the bypass arc are coupled by an electromagnetic field. The model of current attachment on the tungsten electrode surface is included for simulating different heating processes of the EP and EN phases in the coupling arc. The distribution of temperature field, flow field, and current density of the bypass coupling variable polarity plasma arc was studied by the three-dimensional numerical model. The heat input on the base metal under different current conditions is quantified. To verify the model, the arc voltages are compared and the results in simulation and experiment agree with each other well. The results show that the radius of the bypass coupling arc with or without bypass current action on the base metal is different, and the flow vector of the bypass coupling arc plasma with bypass current is larger than the arc without bypass current. By comparing the heat transfer on the electrodes’ boundary under different current conditions, it is found that increasing the bypass current results in the rise in heat input on the base metal. Therefore, it is concluded that using bypass current is unable to completely decouple the wire melting and the heat input of the base metal. The decoupled degree of heat transfer is one of the important factors for accurate control in the manufacturing process with this coupling arc.     

Possibility to Use Short Sawn Timber in the Production of Glued Laminated Beams

Numerous studies have shown that the geometry of micro-joints significantly affects the strength of the so joined timber element. The bending strength increases by creating a larger bonding area by increasing the length of the wedge joint. Although this type of joint has been successfully used for many years, it can still be troublesome to make. For these reasons, the present study investigated an easy-to-fabricate wedge joint, which we folded during the beams’ formation and glued with the same adhesive as the individual lamellas. Although the research has not fully answered all the questions relevant to both scientific and technological curiosity, it indicates the great potential of this solution. Following the principle adopted in the ongoing wood optimisation work, we concluded that the beams of the target cross-section should be produced, and it should only be possible to cut them to a certain length. In this approach, we only removed defects at critical points for the beam structure and, in this way, up to 30% of the timber processed could be saved or better utilised.     

Material Extrusion of Structural Polymer–Aluminum Joints—Examining Shear Strength,Wetting, Polymer Melt Rheology and Aging

Generating polymer–metal structures by means of additive manufacturing offers huge potential for customized, sustainable and lightweight solutions. However, challenges exist, primarily with regard to reliability and reproducibility of the additively generated joints. In this study, the polymers ABS, PETG and PLA, which are common in material extrusion, were joined to grit-blasted aluminum substrates. Temperature dependence of polymer melt rheology, wetting and tensile single-lap-shear strength were examined in order to obtain appropriate thermal processing conditions. Joints with high adhesive strength in the fresh state were aged for up to 100 days in two different moderate environments. For the given conditions, PETG was most suitable for generating structural joints. Contrary to PETG, ABS–aluminum joints in the fresh state as well as PLA–aluminum joints in the aged state did not meet the demands of a structural joint. For the considered polymers and processing conditions, this study implies that the suitability of a polymer and a thermal processing condition to form a polymer–aluminum joint by material extrusion can be evaluated based on the polymer’s rheological properties. Moreover, wetting experiments improved estimation of the resulting tensile single-lap-shear strength.     

广西凌云县1951-2015年疟疾流行分析

目的 了解凌云县疟疾流行趋势,为消除疟疾后继续巩固成果提供建议.方法 收集凌云县1951-2015年疟疾发病数、发热血检及居民普查血检调查、媒介调查、疟疾病人等资料,采用描述性方法进行分析.结果 1951-2015年凌云县共报告疟疾病例数57 619例病例,平均年发病率为57.5/万,占传染病发病数的22.42％;死亡52人,病死率0.09％.1980-2015年居民发热病人血检405 854人,阳性753例,其中间日疟占77.42％(583/753),恶性疟占22.44％(169/753);荧光抗体阳性率由1988年的1.4％(7/500)降至2000-2009年的0.62％ (23/3 725);中华按蚊为主要传疟蚊种.通过几十年来的综合防治,疟疾发病率从1958年的316.05/万下降到1985年的1/万以下,于2000年10月份达到了基本消除疟疾目标.从2005年起已无本地疟疾病例,所报告的病例均为输入性病例,2014年12月通过百色市级消除疟疾考核.结论 落实疟疾综合防治措施效果显著,将继续加强“三热”病人血检监测和输入性疟疾病例监测,巩固消除疟疾成果.     

外源性5-氨基乙酰丙酸对盐胁迫下决明子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

目的 通过对决明子萌发及幼苗生理特性的研究,寻找提高决明子及幼苗在盐胁迫条件下抗性能力的途径。方法 测定盐胁迫下决明子在经过不同质量浓度的外源性5-氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）处理后,种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,并对决明幼苗叶片叶绿素量、叶绿素荧光参数、原生质膜透性、叶片丙二醛（MDA）量、可溶性糖量、可溶性蛋白量及脯氨酸量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性进行测定。结果 100 mmol/L盐胁迫下的决明子萌发受到显著抑制,但是经过不同质量浓度的ALA处理后,萌发指标均有升高。结果表明,外源性ALA处理显著提高了决明子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,提高了叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素量,显著提高了最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）,PSII有效光化学效率（Fv′/Fm′）,PSII实际光化学效率（ΦPSII）,光化学淬灭系数（qP）,降低了原生质膜透性、叶片的MDA量及非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）,提高了盐胁迫下幼苗叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸量,显著提高了叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性。结论 外源性ALA通过提高决明子的萌发指数,提高幼苗光合效率、渗透调节物质量及抗氧化酶活性,有效地减缓盐胁迫对决明子及幼苗产生的伤害,提高种子及幼苗的抗盐能力。     

Differential temporal neural responses of pain-related regions by acupuncture at acupoint ST36: a magnetoencephalography study

Background  Previous neuroimaging studies primarily focused on the spatial distribution of acupuncture needling stimulation. However, a salient feature of acupuncture was its long-lasting effect. This study attempted to detect the spatial-temporal neural responses evoked by acupuncture at an analgesia acupoint ST36 by using magnetoencephalography. To further verify its functional specificity, we also adopted acupuncture at Pericardium 6 and nonacupoint as separated controls.

Methods  Forty-two college students, all right-handed and acupuncture naïve, participated in this study. Every participant received only one acupoint stimulation, resulting in 14 subjects in one group. Both magnetoencephalography data (151-channel whole-head system) and structural functional magnetic resonance imaging data (3D sequence with a voxel size of 1 mm³ for anatomical localization) were collected for each subject. All processing procedures were performed in BrainStorm Toolbox.

Results  Acupuncture at ST36 showed a significantly time-varied brain activities with different onset time. Our results presented that acupuncture at different acupoints (or comparing with nonacupoint) can specifically induce neural responses in different brain areas—acupuncture at ST36 can specifically induce the neural responses of pain-inhibition areas, while acupuncture at PC6 can specifically induce the activities of the insula and amygdala.

Conclusions  In the present study, we attempted to detect the temporal neural responses underlying the functional specificity of acupuncture at ST36, using acupoint belonging to different meridians and non-acupoint with efficacy-irreverent as separate controls. The specific neural substrates involving acupuncture at different acupoints may be related to its functional specificity in clinical settings.

     

Adhesive Joints of Additively Manufactured Adherends: Ultrasonic Evaluation of Adhesion Strength

Adhesive joints are widely used in the construction of machines and motor vehicles. Manufacturers replace them with the welding and spot-welding methods due to the lack of damage to the material structure in the joint area. Moreover, it is aimed at reducing the weight of vehicles and producing elements with complex shapes. Therefore, additive manufacturing technology has been increasingly used in the production stage. This fact has not only changed the view on the possibilities of further development of the production technology itself, but it has also caused an intense interest among a greater number of companies in the advantages of structural optimization. There is a natural relationship between these two areas in the design and production, allowing for almost unlimited possibilities of designing new products. The main goal of the research described in this article was to determine the correlation between the strength of the adhesive joint of elements produced using additive technology and the parameters of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the area of the adhesive bond. The tests were carried out on samples made of AlSiMg0.6 material and a structural adhesive. Strength tests were performed to determine the shear force which damaged the joint. Furthermore, an ultrasonic echo technique enabling the determination of a nondestructive measure of the quality and strength of the joint was developed. The samples of the adhesive joints had a strength of about 18.75–28.95 MPa, which corresponded to an ultrasonic measure range of 4.6–7.8 dB. The determined regression relationship had a coefficient of determination at the level of 0.94. Additional ultrasonic tests of materials made with the additive technology confirmed its different acoustic properties in relation to aluminum produced with the standard casting or extrusion process. Designated dependence combining the mechanical strength and the decibel difference between the first and second impulses from the bottom of the joint may constitute the basis for the development of a nondestructive technique for testing the strength of adhesive joints.     

维持性血液透析患者皮肤并发症的临床特点和护理对策

目的分析维持性血液透析患者皮肤并发症的临床特点,研究对应的护理方法。方法将该研究中的维持性血液透析且并发皮肤病的100例患者随机均分为护理组和对照组,对照组患者维持常规血液透析,护理组患者采用血液灌流联合血液透析法,同时,加强对患者的护理和健康指导,以2个月为一个观察期,对护理结果进行评判、统计疗效。结果护理组患者的皮肤病症状得到有效缓解,对照组患者的皮肤并发症情况没有明显改善。结论恰当的治疗护理、心理护理和健康教育等措施,对缓解维持性血液透析患者的皮肤并发症有显著功效。