Spatial Characteristics of Cisterna Magna in Rats and Novel Technique for Puncture with a Stereotactic Manipulator

The actual size and sites for puncture of the cisterna magna in adult Wistar rats were estimated on acrylic models. We proposed a new method for obtaining cerebrospinal fluid from narcotized rats. This method consists in controlled introduction of a needle into the cisterna magna through the skin and/or dura mater above this structure using a stereotactic micromanipulator. Experiments on rats with focal and global cerebral ischemia showed that this technique ensures single and repeated sampling of at least 50 microl liquor not containing blood admixtures.     

Dustborne and airborne fungal propagules represent a different spectrum of fungi with differing relations to home characteristics

BACKGROUND: Exposure to fungi is often assessed by culturing floor dust or air samples. Our objective was to evaluate the relationships between dustborne and airborne fungi and to identify factors that modify these relationships. METHODS: From November 1994 to September 1996 sequential duplicate 45-l air samples were collected in bedrooms of 496 homes in the Boston area, using a Burkard culture plate sampler. After air sampling, bedroom floors were sampled with a vacuum cleaner that was modified to collect dust in a cellulose extraction thimble. Dust was sieved, and the fine dust was dilution-plated onto DG-18 media. RESULTS: Concentrations of total culturable fungi per gram of bedroom-floor dust were correlated weakly, but significantly, with those of indoor air (r = 0.13, P < 0.05). Concentrations of some individual taxa in the dust and indoor air were also weakly associated. Adjusting for the concentrations of fungi in outdoor air, dustborne fungal concentrations were positively associated with those in indoor air for the taxa Cladosporium and Penicillium, but not for total fungi. The indoor air fungal levels were often predicted by different covariates to those predicting fungal levels in dust. The type of housing (house or apartment) and the presence of carpeting were often predictive factors for dust fungi. In contrast, outdoor fungal levels were often predictive of the indoor air fungal levels. CONCLUSIONS: Because our data do not indicate a strong overall relationship between culturable fungi in dust and indoor air, the results from these two methods (dust and air sampling) likely represent different types of potential fungal exposures to residents. It may be essential to collect both air and dust samples, as well as information on housing characteristics, as indicators for fungal exposure.     

Policemen's physical fitness in relation to the frequency of leisure-time physical excercise

Summary Ninety to ninety-five men (aged 27 to 46 years) from the police academy were the study subjects. Their prior habits of physical excercise, estimated aerobic capacity ( ), muscular performance, and thickness of subcutaneous fat were determined. The policemen were taller (181 cm vs 175 cm) and heavier (84 kg vs 74 kg) than the average 20- to 40-year-old Finnish man, and their (1 · min^–1) was higher (3.41 1 · min^–1 vs 2.96 1 min^–1 The frequency of prior physical exercise significantly correlated with most of the variables studied. Those policemen who did not exercise at all (n = 12) were inferior to the average 20- to 40-year-old Finnish man on all the physical fitness tests, whereas the results of the most active policemen (n = 23) were clearly higher. The results indicate that the selection of heavier and taller men for police training guarantees a certain absolute level of physical performance capacity. However, the physical activity involved in police work is insufficient to maintain a high level of physical fitness, which must be achieved through participation in regular and effective physical training.     

2018—2020年珠海市学校流感样病例暴发疫情流行特征及影响因素分析

目的 分析珠海市2018—2020年学校流感样病例暴发疫情的流行特征和影响疫情规模的相关因素,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法分析学校流感样病例暴发疫情流行特征,采用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析疫情规模的影响因素。结果 2018—2020年珠海市学校累计报告67起流感样病例暴发疫情,累计发病人数1 746例。发病高峰为每年3月—6月和12月—次年1月,主要发生在小学,流感样病例的发病年龄高峰为6～8岁。病原体主要为B型、A(H3N2)亚型和A(H1N1)亚型流感病毒。暴发疫情涉及病例咽痛发生率>50%的学校发生大规模流感样病例暴发疫情的风险是咽痛发生率≤50%学校的4.308倍(95%CI:1.100～16.864)。结论 2018—2020年珠海市学校流感样病例暴发疫情主要集中在冬春季节的小学,高咽痛发生率是学校发生大规模疫情流感样病例暴发疫情的危险因素。     

2005—2020年盐城市丙型病毒性肝炎的流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2005—2020年盐城市丙肝病例报告资料,总结丙肝流行特征,为盐城市丙肝防制工作提供参考依据。方法 收集各年度丙肝报告病例和人口学资料,采用Excel 2016软件汇总并作描述性统计分析。采用Joinpoint regression program（JRP）4.9.0.0软件对丙肝年发病率进行趋势检验,采用SPSS 25.0软件和ArcGIS 10.6软件对病例数据进行统计分析。结果 2005—2020年盐城市累计报告丙肝病例2 555例,年报告发病率整体呈平缓增长趋势,最低为2005年的0.42/10万,最高为2019年的5.84/10万。年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)为14.5% （95% CI: 11.5%~17.6%）,P<0.01。除2019年外,其余各年丙肝疫情呈散发状态,无明显季节特征。报告病例数位居前三位的地区是亭湖区、滨海县以及东台市,分别占比19.77% （505/2 555）、14.01%（358/2 555）以及12.92%（330/2 555）。男女报告病例数比为1.33[DK]∶1,发病率最高的年龄组为70~79岁年龄组（56.94/10万）。农民为报告病例数最多的人群,占比59.33%（1 516/2 555）。确诊病例2 204例,临床诊断病例332例。结论 盐城市丙肝疫情呈上升趋势。全市应进一步扩大丙型肝炎病毒检测,加强丙肝防治宣传教育和完善社会医疗保障政策来提高丙肝治疗的可及性和可负担性,同时应进一步加强对于丙肝疫情的监测以及规范丙肝的诊疗,并对重点地区、重点人群开展精准的综合干预工作。     

The Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Comfort Food Consumption over Time: The Mediational Role of Emotional Distress

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on populations at an economic, health, and on an interpersonal level, it is still unclear how it has affected health-risk behaviors, such as comfort food consumption over time. This study longitudinally examines the effect of the perceived impact of COVID-19 on comfort food consumption and whether this effect is mediated by emotional distress. A convenience sample of 1048 students and university staff (academic and non-academic) from two universities completed monthly online surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic across six waves (W; W1 to W6). Participants reported their perceived impact of COVID-19 (economic, interpersonal, and health), comfort food consumption, and emotional distress (DASS-21). Using structural equation models, we found an indirect longitudinal effect of the perceived impact of COVID-19 (W1) on comfort food consumption (W3 to W6) through increased emotional distress (W2). The perceived negative impact of COVID-19 on comfort food consumption was fully mediated by the emotional distress during the first waves (W3 and W4), ending in a partial mediation in the last waves (W5 and W6). These findings contribute to disentangling the mechanisms by which the perceived impact of COVID-19 affects comfort food consumption over time, and highlight the role of emotional distress. Future interventions should address comfort food consumption by focusing on handling emotional distress during a crisis.     

A Cross-Sectional,Correlational Study Comparing Individual Characteristics of Younger and Older Nursing Home Residents using Western Canadian Resident Assessment Instrument–Minimum Data Set (RAI-MDS) 2.0

ObjectiveTo compare characteristics of nursing home (NH) residents by age categories in Western Canada.DesignA cross-sectional, correlational analysis of secondary data.Setting and Participants89,231 residents living in Western Canada NHs in the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and British Columbia in 2016 and 2017.MethodsResident characteristics (age, sex, marital status, body mass index, medical diagnoses, cognitive function, physical function, depressive symptoms) came from the Resident Assessment Instrument–Minimum Data Set 2.0 and were analyzed using chi-square, analysis of variance, and post hoc pairwise tests. Human developmental stage age categories were used to create 5 age groups: 18-34, 35-50, 51-64, 65-80, and 81 years and older.ResultsThe demographics, medical diagnoses, cognitive function, and physical function characteristics of NH residents among 5 age groups differed considerably (all P < .001). Residents aged 18-34 years were predominately male, never married, with a higher incidence of paralysis and traumatic brain injury. Residents aged 35-50 years had a higher incidence of stroke and multiple sclerosis, and residents aged 51-64 years mainly were morbidly obese and more prone to depression. Residents aged 65-80 years were predominately married and more prone to diabetes, and residents aged 81 years and older were predominately widowed, with a higher incidence of dementia compared with others.Conclusions and ImplicationsFindings describe the uniqueness of younger NH age groups and indicate that the youngest NH residents often have the severe disability and a modest support system (as defined by partnered status) compared to older residents in NHs. Future studies must analyze longitudinal data that track the growth of, and changes in, residents’ health and functional status.     

试从小儿阳气特点探讨通阳法的应用

通过对小儿阳气特点的探讨,认为小儿阳多阴少乃是小儿生长发育过程中的需要,而阳气郁遏往往成为小儿疾患常见的原因,通阳法通过使郁遏之阳气得以舒展、畅通,宣泄、从而达到阳通阴和,重新获得阴阳平衡的目的。     

人SR-AI转基因小鼠模型的主要形态学特性、血液学指标和血脂水平的研究

目的明确人SR-AI转基因小鼠的一些形态、脏器、血液学和血浆脂质参数,为人SR-AI转基因小鼠模型的应用提供相关依据.方法用游标卡尺和电子称量天平测量人SR-AI转基因小鼠的吻长、眶间距、体长、尾长及12个脏器系数并与C57BL/6J小鼠进行比较分析;用SysmexK-4500型全血自动多参数血液分析仪检测其血液学指标;并用酶法分别测定血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量.结果人SR-AI转基因小鼠外部形态指标和脏器系数与C57BL/6J小鼠比较差异没有显著意义(P>0.05);转基因小鼠的各项血液学指标无明显改变,血脂蛋白成分的改变亦未显示统计学意义(P>0.05),甘油三酯的浓度略有增高(P<0.05).结论人SR-AI转基因小鼠的外部形态指标、脏器系数及各项血液学指标均无明显改变,适合用作动脉粥样硬化模型的研究.