子宫颈癌226例临床病理分析

目的：探讨宫颈癌的临床、病理特点、诊治方法及预后因素。方法：收集1996年1月至2001年1月226例宫颈癌患者进行回顾性分析。结果：平均患病年龄为48．18岁。130例患者为阴道流血，70例为阴道流液，25例下腹疼痛，l例精神减退、贫血、浮肿。病理分期：Ⅰ期病例数为169例(75％)；Ⅱ期病例数为3l例(13．72％)；Ⅲ期病例数为23例(10．18％)；Ⅳ期病例数为3例(1．1％)。比较2l例宫颈鳞癌与宫颈腺癌的转移，显示后者的腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移、肾上腺转移、子宫转移、胸水形成明显高于前者。结论：重视宫颈癌发病相关因素及临床症状，争取早期诊断，严格手术病理分期，选择适当治疗方案。     

Home, training and work: mobility of British doctors

This study examines the locations of family homes, medical schools and places of specialist training, and work of doctors qualifying from UK medical schools in 5 calendar years between 1974 and 1993. The contribution of each UK region to the medical workforce relative to its population is assessed and trends over time are examined. The relationship between place of family home and medical school attended is examined for 14,108 doctors. Career appointment location and its relationship to medical school and family home loc‐ation are examined for over 4000 doctors. For the qualifiers of 1983, an additional analysis incorporating place of training is included. Large differences were found in the percentage of medical students from local family homes attending each regional medical school. In some cases differences reflected local populations but other cases had no obvious cause. Over all cohorts studied, 38% of respondents attended a medical school in the region of their family home (32% of 1993 qualifiers), 42% held a career post in the same region as their medical school, and 38% held a career post in the same region as their family home. Among the qualifiers of 1983, 65% had a career post in the same region as their postgraduate training, 34% also attended medical school in the same region, and 19% also came from family homes in the same region. More women than men took up a career post in the same region as their postgraduate training. The relationships to family home and medical school did not differ by gender. Consultants appeared slightly less likely than GPs to have stayed within a region, but this difference was not statistically significant.     

Disposition Characteristics of Macromolecules in Tumor-Bearing Mice

As part of the strategy for the design of macromolecular carriers for drug targeting, the disposition characteristics of macromolecules were studied in mice bearing tumors that served as target tissues. Eight kinds of macromolecules including four polysaccharides and four proteins with different molecular weights and electric charges were used; tissue distribution and tumor localization after intravenous injection were studied. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the tissue radioactivity uptake rate index calculated in terms of clearance was different among the tested compounds; especially, the urinary radioactivity excretion clearances and the total hepatic radioactivity uptake clearances varied widely. Compounds with low molecular weights (approximately 10 kD) or positive charges showed lower tumor radioactivity accumulation; radioactivity was rapidly eliminated from the plasma via rapid urinary excretion or extensive hepatic uptake, respectively. On the other hand, large and negatively charged compounds, carboxymethyl dextran, bovine serum albumin, and mouse immunoglobulin G, showed higher radioactivity accumulation in the tumor (calculated total amounts were 15.6, 10.8, and 20.8% of the dose, respectively) and prolonged retention in the circulation. These results demonstrated that the total systemic exposure rather than the uptake rate index was correlated with total tumor uptake. Molecular weight and electric charge of the macromolecules significantly affected their disposition characteristics and, consequently, determined radioactivity accumulation in the tumor. It was concluded that a drug–carrier complex designed for systemic tumor targeting should be polyanionic in nature and larger than 70,000 in molecular weight.     

Aza-peptides. III. Experimental structural analysis of aza-alanme and aza-asparagine-containing peptides

To determine the structural perturbations induced by the CαH→Nα exchange in aza-peptides, we have examined by H NMR and IR spectroscopy various derivatives of the aza-analogues of alanine, aspartic acid and asparagine in different organic solvents with increasing polarity. Their general formulas are: R'-AzXaa-NR²R³, R'-Pro-AzXaa-NR²R³ and R-AzXaa-Pro-NR²R³ (where AzXaa denotes the aza-analogue of the amino acid residue Xaa = Ala, Asp, Asn; R = Boc, Z; R², R³= H, Me, iPr). The aza-analogue of an amino acid residue appears to be a strong p-turn-inducing motif, and the AzAsn carboxamide side-chain is capable of interacting, as a proton donor, with the preceding peptide carbonyl group.     

吴(大士)药签选方用药特点探析

北宋名医吴本的精湛医术和高尚医德在漳州、泉州和台南民众中久为传颂，流感在慈济宫的“济世仙方药鉴”是现存有关吴本的宝贵医药资料，该药签体现了中医的选方特点和用药特点，今天仍有整理研究的价值。     

82例高血压患者16项人格特质测验

研究目的应用卡特尔16项人格特质测验探讨原发性高血压患者的人格特征。研究背景高血压病是危害人类健康的常见病之一，发病率逐年上升，但其病因至今尚未阐明，故有必要从心理、人格方面来探讨高血压的发病原因，以利于高血压病的防治。研究方法本文对82例均由2名以上内科医师确诊为原发性高血压、且现在高压仍保持在20／12．7kPa以上的患者进行卡特尔16项人格特质测验，并与78例人群对照分析。结果高血压患者在C－稳定性、E－峙强性、Q－紧张性以及在双重人格因素类型中的适应与焦虑方面与正常对照组有显著差异（P＜0．05）。结论心理－社会因素是促使高血压发生的重要因素，它对高血压病因的阐明有重要意义，同时也使我们越来越重视运用心理、行为疗法，如生物反馈、各种松驰疗法等去防治高血压。     

重油和沥青中饱和碳的定量估计

建立了较完整的估计重油和沥青中饱和碳浓度数方法，其中包括环烷桥头碳、环烷甲基取代碳、环烷烷基（≥Ｃ２）取代碳等。基于理论分析，建立了估计环间的桥链和各种平均结构参数的方法，包括平均芳环环核数和环烷环环核数、芳环和环烷环烷工取代度、单元片上芳环和环烷环数。从实验数据出发，提出了烷基链长分布的公式。     

中国南方六省各民族体质特征及相互关系的研究

应用多元分析法对中国南方２６个民族组的体质特征进行分析比较。南方中国人显示出面貌头型比例适中，但绝对值较小，身体较瘦小的基本特点。面部轮廓因子、头部形态因子和体型因子是区分他们体质特征的简便而主要的因素。     

F344／N－Smu－D大鼠生长发育若干生物学特性的检测

Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ３４４大鼠在国外广泛应用于肿瘤研究与慢性毒性试验，八十年代中期引入我国。我们对Ｆ３４４／Ｎ－Ｓｍｕ－Ｄ大鼠的生长发育的若干生物学特性进行了检测。结果表明，该品系大鼠体型较ＳＤ大鼠与Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠小，除睾丸、垂体、肾上腺、乳腺外的大部分器官与组织的自发性肿瘤的发生率相对较低，将Ｆ３４４／Ｎ－Ｓｍｕ－Ｄ大鼠种群与Ｆ３４４／ＤｕＣｒｊ种群比较，在体重、耗食量，血液学与生化学等方面的若干特性差异较大，肿瘤发生率与死亡差别不大。