糖尿病足的介入治疗及术前CTA评估

目的探讨糖尿病足下肢血管影像特征及综合介入治疗的临床价值。方法对25例糖尿病足患者介入术前行CT血管造影（CTA）检查,对其中19例患者分别或同时采用经导管局部尿激酶溶栓术、经导管血栓抽吸术、血管腔内球囊成形术、血管内支架植入术等多种介入治疗方法。结果糖尿病足下肢动脉同时存在不同程度的狭窄与闭塞,尤其是膝下动脉的狭窄、闭塞;综合介入治疗可以改善糖尿病足下肢动脉血供,近期疗效令人满意。结论CTA检查可以准确显示下肢动脉病变部位及程度,对选择合适介入治疗方案可以提供有效的信息;对糖尿病足的综合介入治疗疗效满意,可显著降低患者的病残率。     

Platelet Function and Genotype after DES Implantation in East Asian Patients: Rationale and Characteristics of the PTRG-DES Consortium

PurposePlatelet function test (PFT) results and genotype hold unique prognostic implications in East Asian patients. The aim of the PTRG-DES (Platelet function and genoType-Related long-term proGnosis in Drug-Eluting Stent-treated Patients with coronary artery disease) consortium is to assess the clinical impact thereof on long-term clinical outcomes in Korean patients with coronary artery disease during dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) including clopidogrel.Materials and MethodsSearching publications on the PubMed, we reviewed clopidogrel treatment studies with PFT and/or genotype data for potential inclusion in this study. Lead investigators were invited to share PFT/genotype results, patient characteristics, and clinical outcomes to evaluate relationships among them.ResultsNine registries from 32 academic centers participated in the PTRG-DES consortium, contributing individual patient data from 13160 patients who underwent DES implantation between July 2003 and August 2018. The PTRG-PFT cohort was composed of 11714 patients with available VerifyNow assay results. Platelet reactivity levels reached 218±79 P2Y12 reaction units (PRU), and high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity based on a consensus-recommended cutoff (PRU >208) was observed in 55.9%. The PTRG-Genotype cohort consisted of 8163 patients with candidate genotypes related with clopidogrel responsiveness. Of those with cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genotype, frequencies of carrying one and two loss-of-function allele (s) (^*2 or ^*3) were 47.9% (intermediate metabolizers) and 14.2% (poor metabolizers), respectively.ConclusionThe PTRG-DES consortium highlights unique values for on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity and CYP2C19 phenotype that may be important to developing optimal antiplatelet regimens in East Asian patients.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04734028","term_id":"NCT04734028"}}NCT04734028.     

蕈状肾盂输尿管支架管在治疗脓肾中的应用

目的观察蕈状肾盂输尿管支架管治疗脓肾的效果。方法通过蕈状肾盂输尿管支架管,应用有效抗生素,经过肾盂、输尿管、膀胱进行持续性冲洗、引流脓液,解除梗阻。结果本组28例患肾的功能全部或部分肾功能恢复,切口I期愈合。结论能有效地控制感染,解除梗阻,保留患肾,降低了脓肾的切除率及Ⅱ期手术率。     

ERCP罕见并发症——门静脉显影并误置引流管

目的:分析内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)极罕见并发症——门静脉插管显影的发生机制及防治。方法:报道1例ERCP术中极罕见并发症——门静脉显影并误置引流管的临床诊治,检索并分析2005年至2015年国内外文献报道的ERCP术中4例门静脉显影病例。国内外尚未见ERCP术中门静脉误置引流管的并发症报道。结果:5例门静脉显影病例中,除1例胆管门静脉瘘外,其余4例为导管及导丝误插入门静脉。2例术中即拔除导管及导丝。1例鼻胆管误置入门静脉,经皮经肝穿刺置管引流减黄3 d后拔除。1例系晚期肿瘤梗阻性黄疸病例,胆道造影时即发现胆管门静脉瘘,胆总管内留置塑料支架减黄,2个月后死于原发病。另外4例均在观察1~7 d后作后续处理。ERCP取石1例。ERCP扩张狭窄胆管1例。本例行开腹手术治疗原发疾病,同时去除塑料支架。结论:门静脉显影并误置管引流是ERCP极其罕见的并发症。对于ERCP应提高警惕,仔细操作,正确判断。根据不同病情妥善处理,必要时立即手术治疗。     

Percutaneous stenting for malignant biliary stenosis

Summary Percutaneous stenting for malignant biliary stenosis is quite beneficial to patients with unresectable or recurrent disease, tremendously improving the quality of their lives. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was attempted in 92 patients with obstructive jaundice during the period between January 1986 and July 1989. Implantation of an endoprosthesis was performed in 14 cases (15.2%) and succeeded in 12 (85.7%). When a guide wire could not be passed distally across the stricture site, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) through the dilated PTBD fistula was carried out to enable its passage. PTCS is also valuable in the preoperative diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. The patients who are not candidates for surgery are suitable for this procedure. A Miller double-mushroom stent is used as the endoprosthesis in the majority of cases. One patient with recurrent hepatoma has lived at home with this stent for >3 years due to repeated transarterial embolization and chemotherapy and does not need to wash or change the stent.     

经内镜金属支架治疗胃出口梗阻的疗效评价

目的评价经内镜金属支架治疗胃出口梗阻的临床价值。方法1999年3月至2009年7月,我院内镜中心采用内镜金属支架治疗胃出口梗阻77例,评价手术成功率、并发症和远期疗效。结果共77例患者,男43例,女34例,年龄24—90（65±14）岁。其中晚期胃窦癌24例,胃癌术后复发19例（其中毕Ⅰ式吻合10例）,十二指肠癌7例,壶腹周围癌7例,转移性肿瘤20例。支架置入成功率为93．5％（72,77）,59例（81．9％）在支架置入1．3d后开始流质饮食,进食半流质的时间为4～9（5±3）d,其中52例（72．2％）患者在支架置入10～16（13±3）d后开始普通饮食。并发症包括疼痛（15.3％）、支架移位（2．8％）、出血（22．2％）。截至2009年8月30日,获随访率94．8％（73／77）,中位生存期135（13～336）d。7例患者出现了再狭窄,支架通畅率90．3％（65／72）,再次置入金属支架后好转。结论内镜下金属支架引流术是治疗胃出口梗阻的一种微创且安全有效的方法。     

Carotid stenting using heparin-coated balloon-expandable stent reduces intimal hyperplasia in a baboon model

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the effect of heparin-coated balloon-expandable stents on intimal hyperplasia following carotid artery stenting in a baboon model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Balloon-expandable (Palmaz-Schatz) stents were placed in bilateral common carotid arteries in 26 male baboons (mean weight: 11.3 kg). In each animal, a heparin-coated (HC) carotid stent was placed on one side, whereas the contralateral carotid artery received an uncoated stent that served as a control. The carotid stents were harvested at 30 days (n = 13) and 90 days (n = 13). Arteriography was performed to assess the carotid patency, and intravascular ultrasound was used to determine neointimal and luminal areas. Histological, morphometric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were performed in the stented carotid arteries. RESULTS: One animal was excluded in each of the 1-month and 3-month groups because of premature death. Ten control (83%) and 11 HC stents (92%) remained patent in the 30-day group. In contrast, 10 control (83%) and 10 HC stents (83%) remained patent in the 90-day group. Morphometric analysis of the 30-day group showed the HC-stented carotid arteries had larger luminal areas (13%, P < 0.05), less neointimal areas (38%, P < 0.05), less neointimal/media ratios (53%, P < 0.05), and equivalent medial areas (NS) when compared with the control group. Morphometric analysis of the 90-day data showed the HC-stented carotid arteries had less neointimal areas (38%, P < 0.05) and less neointimal/media ratios (48%, P < 0.05), whereas the luminal areas and medial areas remained equivalent (NS) when compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Carotid stenting using heparin-coated stents reduces early intimal hyperplasia in a baboon model. This approach may represent a useful strategy for improving luminal patency in endovascular carotid intervention.     

Endovascular Stent Placement for Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Causing Cerebral Embolism: Usefulness of Neuroradiological Evaluation

Summary  We present a case of a cervical internal carotid artery aneurysm that caused cerebral embolism. This lesion was supposed to be a dissecting aneurysm due to blunt neck injury. The large aneurysm with intramural thrombus was treated with endovascular placement of a balloon-expandable stent. Both CT and MRI were useful for evaluating the size and characteristics of the aneurysmal wall. Intravascular ultrasound imaging was also useful for evaluation of the satisfactory stent deployment and identification of the neck of the aneurysm. We disscuss effectiveness of endovascular stenting for cervical internal carotid artery aneurysm with intramural thrombus and the usefulness of a combination of the neuroradiological imaging before, during and after the interventional procedure.     

血管腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的疗效评价

目的对带膜支架血管腔内隔绝术治疗34例Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤疗效进行评价．方法对我院2002年至2005年34例Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者全麻下行腔内隔绝术的患者进行回顾性分析．结果34例患者均成功实行了带膜支架腔内隔绝术，1例因为导丝不能进入真腔而放弃腔内手术，未出现死亡现象，术后疼痛症状即刻得到改善，高血压在1周至半年左右均得到改善．术后随访3—29个月（平均15个月），其中25例行CT复查，9例行DSA复查，结论带膜支架血管腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉夹层安全、有效，远期疗效有待于进一步观察．     

Very Late Stent Thrombosis after Discontinuation of Antiplatelet Agents during Anticoagulation Therapy in a Patient with Peri-stent Contrast Staining after Implantation of a Second-generation Drug-eluting Stent

A 54-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to intermittent chest pain. He had a history of acute myocardial infarction, and peri-stent contrast staining had been observed at the stent implantation site. The patient previously underwent anticoagulation therapy for left ventricular thrombus and antiplatelet therapy to prevent stent thrombosis. More than one year after implantation of a drug-eluting stent, antiplatelet drugs were discontinued, and anticoagulant alone was prescribed according to the guidelines, which resulted in very late stent thrombosis. The risks of both bleeding and thrombosis must be fully considered when deciding whether or not to discontinue antiplatelet therapy during anticoagulation therapy.