高分辨率MR血管壁成像测量壁强化指数评估颅内动脉瘤不稳定性

目的探讨高分辨率MR(HRMR)血管壁成像(VWI)所测壁强化指数(WEI)评估颅内动脉瘤不稳定性的价值。方法回顾性分析174例未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者。以3D-DSA观察动脉瘤大小、位置、形态。基于HRMR血管壁成像主观评估是否有动脉瘤壁强化(AWE),并采用软件计算WEI。采用ELAPSS及PHASES评分评估动脉瘤生长风险及破裂风险。以Spearman相关分析观察WEI与动脉瘤生长及破裂风险的相关性。结果 174例患者共248个无症状未破裂颅内囊状动脉瘤,HRMR VWI示AWE 78个、无AWE 170个。AWE与无AWE动脉瘤大小、位置、形态、ELAPSS评分、生长风险、PHASES评分、5年破裂风险差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。AWE动脉瘤WEI高于无AWE动脉瘤(P0.001)。Spearman相关分析显示,WEI与动脉瘤3年、5年生长风险(r_s=0.40、0.40,P均0.01)及5年破裂风险(r_s=0.24,P0.01)均呈正相关。结论 HRMR VWI所测WEI越高,提示动脉瘤不稳定性越高。     

Protocolo del Estudio Poblacional Multinivel de las Desigualdades Socioeconómicas en la Distribución Geográfica de la Incidencia,la Mortalidad y la Supervivencia Neta del Cáncer en España: Estudio DESOCANES

Incidence and mortality provide information on the burden of cancer morbidity and the potential years of life lost due to cancer. The Spanish Deprivation Index (SDI) has been developed as a standardized measure to study socioeconomic deprivation in Spain at the census tract level. In addition, SDI information can be combined with ecological variables at the population level and data from the High-Resolution European Studies in Cancer. The aim of this study is to characterize socioeconomic inequalities in incidence, excess mortality, premature mortality and net survival for three of the most incident cancers (lung, colon-rectum and breast) in Spain using the SDI. This national population-based study will assess the impact of socioeconomic inequalities using a multilevel modelling approach. Spatial analysis, multilevel modeling, net survival and economic impact assessment will be used. The results will be useful for supporting decision-making, planning, and management of public health interventions aimed at reducing the impact of socioeconomic inequalities in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients in Spain.     

体质指数正常人群中的代谢综合征患病情况

目的 了解体质指数（BMI）正常人群多代谢异常与代谢综合征（MS）的患病情况。方法 选取2016年1月—2017年12月健康体检人群为研究对象,以2004年中华医学会糖尿病学分会制订的MS诊断标准,符合纳入标准的正常BMI对象共5 781名（男3 069名,女2 712名）。根据BMI的四分位数将调查对象分成Q1～Q4组计算性别、年龄别MS的患病率。结果 5 781名对象的MS患病率为12.71％（男性9.22％,女性16.67％,χ2 = 71.92,P＜0.001）。专业技术人员的MS患病率较其它职业人群显著增高（χ2 = 19.76,P = 0.001）,低学历人群的MS患病率较高学历人群显著增高（χ2 = 10.79,P = 0.005）。男性随BMI升高（Q1～Q4）MS患病率由3.21％增至17.54％（χ2 = 87.11,P＜0.001）;女性（Q1～Q4）MS患病率由7.32％增至29.78％（χ2 = 147.66,P＜0.001）。男性各个BMI组MS患病率均低于女性（Q1:3.21% vs 7.32%,χ2 = 10.31,P＜0.001;Q2:6.35% vs 10.26%,χ2 = 8.64, P＜0.001;Q3:9.72% vs 19.27%,χ2 = 27.39, P＜0.001;Q4:17.54% vs 29.79%,χ2 = 28.11,P＜0.001）。男性随年龄升高（≤40岁～≥60岁）MS患病率由3.43％增至13.15％（χ2 = 67.09,P＜0.001）、女性（≤40岁～≥60岁）MS患病率由10.72％增至24.25％（χ2 = 54.43,P＜0.001）;随BMI升高（Q1～Q4）,伴有MS组分异常的患病率由28.51％增至40.56％（χ2 = 77.39,P＜0.001）。结论 BMI正常人群仍有一定多代谢异常和MS患病率,要注意BMI正常人群的代谢性健康风险管理。     

膳食炎症指数与慢性肾脏病发病之间的研究进展

目的 对膳食炎症指数(DII)与慢性肾脏病发病之间的研究进行综述,探究两者之间的关系。方法 以“膳食炎症指数”、“促炎饮食”和“慢性肾脏病”、“肾小球滤过率”为检索词,在PubMed, Web of Science和EMBASE等数据库进行检索,查询并严格筛选合格文献,进一步综述膳食炎症指数与慢性肾病的流行病学关系,并从炎症因子方面解释阐述了膳食炎症指数与慢性肾病之间可能的相关机制。结果 促炎饮食会造成慢性肾脏病的发病风险升高,相反,抗炎饮食可以有效降低慢性肾脏病的发病风险,特定的炎症因子标志物对慢性肾脏病的发病有特定作用。结论 膳食炎症指数对慢性肾脏病的发生有一定的影响,未来可能作为慢性肾病发病的预防控制策略之一,并可能给肾脏疾病的防治提供重要的科学依据。     

省直医院运营效率及其提升策略分析——以河南省为例

目的 分析省直医院运营效率及其影响因素,为提高省直医院运营效率提供参考依据。方法 采用随机抽样的方法,选取河南省10家省直医院,综合使用Malmquist指数和Tobit模型,对“十三五”期间省直医院运营效率的变化趋势和主要影响因素进行回顾性分析,并提出“十四五”期间的提升策略。结果 样本医院床医比由2015年的1[DK]∶0.86降低至2019年的1[DK]∶1.13;样本医院总诊疗人次数与年出院人次数的比值由2015年的13.0下降至2019年的10.92;2015—2018年样本医院运营效率呈良好态势,2018—2019年运营效率下滑（M=0.993）;技术效率降低是样本医院运营效率下滑的主要因素;2018—2019年专科医院运营效率下降（M=0.937）;卫生技术人员占比对样本医院运营效率的影响最为显著（β=3.80,P＜0.05）。结论 省直医院应从重点提高卫生技术人员占比方面提升运营效率,尤其是专科医院应加快引进高学历、高水平医疗人才,改善技术效率,从而实现运营效率的提升。     

江苏省卫生人力资源配置的公平性及预测研究

目的 评价江苏省卫生人力资源配置的公平性,预测各类卫生人员的数量,为江苏省卫生事业的发展提供理论依据。方法 运用泰尔指数与集聚度评价资源配置的公平性,运用灰色GM (1, 1) 模型、多项式回归模型、二次指数平滑法以及组合预测模型对数据进行预测。结果 2015—2019年江苏省泰尔指数总体呈上升趋势,卫生人力资源配置差异性拉大,注册护士的资源配置差异最大。从地区来看,卫生人力资源集聚度由大到小分别为苏南＞苏中＞苏北。卫生人员灰色GM (1, 1) 模型预测效果最好,其他三类人员均是组合预测模型预测效果最好。结论 江苏省应合理配置卫生人力资源,加大卫生人员的培养力度,加强卫生人才队伍建设。     

Vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strains – What does genomics reveal on the Portuguese strain’s coverage

In Portugal, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) is the most common serogroup causing invasive meningococcal disease. To protect against MenB disease two protein based MenB vaccines are available in Portugal, the 4CMenB that was licenced in 2014 and included in the routine immunization program in October 2020, and the bivalent rLP2086 vaccine licensed in 2017. The aim of this study was to predict the coverage of the 4CMenB and rLP2086 vaccines against Portuguese isolates of Neisseria meningitidis sampled between 2012 and 2019 and to evaluate the diversity of vaccine antigens based on genomic analysis.Whole-genome sequence data from 324 Portuguese Neisseria meningitidis isolates were analysed. To predict strain coverage by 4CMenB and rLP2086, vaccine antigen reactivity was assessed using the MenDeVar index available on the PubMLST Neisseria website.This study included 235 (75.6%) MenB isolates of all invasive MenB strains reported between 2012 and 2019. Moreover, 89 non MenB isolates sampled in the same period, enrolling 68 from invasive disease and 21 from healthy carriers, were also studied.The predicted strain coverage of MenB isolates was 73.5% (95% CI: 64.8%–81.2%) for 4CMenB and 100% for rLP2086. Predicted strain coverage by 4CMenB in the age group from 0 to 4 years old, was 73.9%. Most of MenB isolates were covered by a single antigen (85.4%), namely fHbp (30.3%), P1.4 (29.2%), and NHBA (24.7%).In Portugal, the most prevalent peptides in MenB isolates were: P1.4 (16.2%), NHBA peptide 2 (14.0%), and fHbp peptide 14 (7.2%), from 4CMenB and fHbp peptide 19 (10.6%) from rLP2086. No significant temporal trends were observed concerning the distribution and diversity of vaccine antigen variants.4CMenB and rLP2086 vaccines showed potential coverage for isolates regardless serogroup.The use of both vaccines should be considered to control possible outbreaks caused by serogroups with no vaccine available.