内镜下抗反流黏膜切除术和贲门缩窄术治疗胃食管反流病的临床疗效对比

目的 对比内镜下抗反流黏膜切除术（anti-reflux mucosectomy,ARMS）和贲门缩窄术（endoscopic cardial constriction ligation,ECCL）治疗胃食管反流病的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年12月—2018年8月在郑州大学第一附属医院行ARMS或ECCL治疗,并定期随访的48例胃食管反流病患者病例资料,其中20例行ARMS（ARMS组）,28例行ECCL（ECCL组）,比较两种术式短期及长期临床疗效。结果 两种术式的操作成功率均为100.0%,ECCL组手术时间明显短于ARMS组[（8.43±1.59）min比（34.05±12.35）min,t=－9.227,P＜0.001]。术后2个月随访,ECCL组和ARMS组症状改善有效率分别为89.3%（25/28）和60.0%（12/20）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.128,P=0.042）,ECCL组GERD Q评分低于ARMS组[（6.24±1.22）分比（7.35±1.79）分,t=-2.400,P＝0.023]。术后1年随访,两组症状改善有效率、GERD Q评分,以及DeMeester评分和pH＜4时间百分比差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 ARMS和ECCL治疗胃食管反流病的长期临床疗效相当,但ECCL短期疗效更具优势。     

Retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to spontaneous rupture of adrenal myelolipoma

BACKGROUND: A very rare case of retroperitoneal bleeding due to spontaneous rupture of a large adrenal myelolipoma in a 62-year-old woman is reported. METHODS/RESULTS: She consulted the emergency room of the Nagano Red Cross Hospital with a complaint of sudden left flank pain. A computerized tomography (CT) scan revealed a tumor with areas of fat density and hematoma in the left retroperitoneal space. After her general condition improved, an operation was performed. The tumor strongly adhered to the left kidney and a left nephrectomy with the tumor was curative. Histologic diagnosis was adrenal myelolipoma. No blood transfusion was required. CONCLUSIONS: A CT scan is very useful in the pre-operative diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma with retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Watch and wait treatments before operation and nephrectomy with adhered tumor are safe and curative.     

Pressure support ventilation vs spontaneous ventilation via ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Aim: To investigate the advantages of using pressure support ventilation (PSV) vs spontaneous ventilation via ProSeal? laryngeal mask airway in children undergoing ambulatory surgery. Background: In our ambulatory surgical unit, the use of unassisted spontaneous breathing via laryngeal mask airway is a common anesthetic technique during general anesthesia. However, this may be associated with inadequate ventilation. PSV is a ventilatory mode that is synchronized with the patient’s respiratory effort and may improve gaseous exchange under general anesthesia. Materials and methods: After the approval from the ethics committee, a randomized controlled trial involving 24 pediatric patients was conducted in our ambulatory surgical unit. They were randomized into two groups, namely Group PSV (receiving PSV) and Group SV (unassisted spontaneous ventilation). Outcome measures included intraoperative respiratory and hemodynamic parameters as well as recovery room data. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. Patients in Group PSV had lower ETCO₂ (42.8 ± 5.8 vs 50.4 ± 4.0, P = 0.001) and higher expiratory tidal volume per kg bodyweight (8.3 ± 1.8 ml kg^?1 vs 5.8 ± 0.8 ml kg^?1, P = 0.001) compared with patients in Group SV. There were no significant differences in other respiratory and hemodynamic parameters or recovery room data between the two groups. Conclusion: Pressure support ventilation via ProSeal? laryngeal mask airway during general anesthesia improves ventilation in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. However, this did not translate to a difference in clinical outcome among our study patients.     

急性自发性脑出血患者血清HA水平的表达情况及临床意义

目的 探讨急性自发性脑出血（ICH）患者血清HA水平的表达情况及临床意义。 方法 选取2016年4月～2017年8月我院收治的120例ICH患者为研究对象,并选取同期体检的102例健康者为对照组。采用改良Rankin 量表对ICH患者出院后3个月情况进行评分,根据评分分为预后良好者（≤2分）和预后不良者(＞2分),观察并分析患者透明质酸（HA）水平表达及临床意义。结果 预后良好者的年龄、血肿体积均明显低于预后不良者,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。入院时,ICH组患者HA水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。入院时,预后良好者美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分及HA水平均明显低于预后不良者,且NIHSS评分与HA表达水平呈正相关（r=0.573,均P＜0.05）;治疗3个月后,mRS评分与HA表达水平亦呈正相关（r=0.757,P＜0.05）。单因素表示,预后良好者的年龄、血肿体积、HA水平、NIHSS评分及mRS评分与预后不良者比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Logistic多因素回归分析表示,年龄、血肿体积、HA水平、NIHSS评分及mRS评分与ICH患者预后不良相关。结论 ICH患者血清HA水平表达异常升高,病情严重,预后较差。因此,入院时血清HA水平的高表达可作为预后不良的预测因素。     

补肾活血法孕前治疗LPD复发性流产患者的临床疗效

目的探讨补肾活血法孕前治疗黄体功能不全(luteal phase defect,LPD)复发性流产患者,观察其对妊娠结局的改善情况。方法按照诊断标准纳入57例LPD复发性流产患者,并随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组予补肾活血法治疗3个月,妊娠后再予益肾安胎法保胎治疗,对照组于妊娠后予益肾安胎治疗。采用化学发光法检测血清激素指标(E_2、P、β-HCG),同时采用ELISA法检测血清Kisspeptin水平,并电话随访妊娠结局;比较治疗前后中医症状评分、血清激素及Kisspeptin指标、妊娠结局情况、安全性。结果两组患者治疗后中医症状积分、妊娠激素水平(E_2、P、β-HCG)、Kisspeptin水平、妊娠结局比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者均无严重不良反应。结论补肾活血法孕前治疗LPD复发性流产能显著改善其临床症状,调节妊娠激素及Kisspeptin水平,健全黄体功能,从而有效改善妊娠结局。     

补肾活血中药治疗血栓前状态复发性流产的研究进展

对补肾活血中药治疗血栓前状态复发性流产进行了概述,分别从调节激素水平、改善子宫内膜容受性、改善胎盘微循环、调节免疫及炎症因子水平四个方面探讨了补肾活血中药治疗血栓前状态复发性流产的作用机制,为补肾活血中药治疗复发性流产的研究进一步提供依据。      

自发性食管破裂的护理

目的 总结自发性食管破裂患者的护理措施，提高护理水平。方法 在保守及手术治疗的同时，严密观察病情变化，做好心理护理，加强呼吸道、消化道及各种管道的护理。结果 7例患者治愈出院。结论 精心的专业化护理在治疗自发性食管破裂中起重要作用。     

Antiplatelet therapy and spontaneous perirenal hematoma

This case report clarifies an adverse reaction of antiplatelet therapy which has been a standard prophylactic method for patients harboring significant risks of thromboembolic events. A 71-year-old Japanese man who had been taking aspirin tablets (81 mg) for a year presented with sudden colic pain in the left flank region. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a significant perirenal hematoma of the left kidney. There were no pathological kidney conditions, such as renal tumors, calculi or vascular diseases, found by magnetic resonance imaging examination. After cessation of aspirin administration followed by conservative management, the hematoma completely disappeared 6 months later. This is the first documented case of spontaneous perirenal hematoma secondary to low-dose aspirin treatment. While such unpleasant events occur extraordinarily, this should be noted as a severe risk of antiplatelet therapy.     

肥大细胞及IL-33/ST2在复发性自然流产小鼠模型中的作用初探

目的探讨复发性流产小鼠子宫和胎盘组织中肥大细胞的数量及白细胞介素-33(IL-33)/ST2的表达变化。方法 20只雌性CBA/J小鼠随机分为两组,每组10只,分别与雄性DBA/2和Balb/c小鼠按雌雄比例2:1合笼交配,建立正常妊娠组(CBA/J♀×Balb/c/2♂)和自然流产组(CBA/J♀×DBA/2♂)模型。妊娠第13.5天处死各组雌性小鼠,计数存活胚胎数和丢失胚胎数,计算胚胎丢失率。甲苯胺蓝染色法检测小鼠子宫组织中肥大细胞的数量。ELISA检测血清中干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、IL-4的浓度,qRT-PCR和Western-blotting分别检测胎盘组织中IL-4、IFN-γ、IL-33、ST2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果成功构建了复发性自然流产(RSA)的小鼠模型,RSA模型组胚胎丢失率显著高于正常妊娠组(16.2%vs.4.92%,P0.05);RSA组子宫组织中肥大细胞数显著低于正常妊娠组[(1.50±0.83)vs.(3.35±1.63)个](P0.05);ELISA结果显示,与正常妊娠组相比,RSA组小鼠血清中IFN-γ水平显著升高[(346.79±4.34)vs.(168.84±2.35)ng/L],IL-4水平显著降低[(98.46±5.81)vs.(157.56±9.35)ng/L](P均0.05);qRT-PCR和Western-blotting结果显示RSA组小鼠胎盘组织中IFN-γ表达水平显著升高,IL-4、IL-33、ST2表达水平显著降低(P0.05)。结论肥大细胞和IL-33/ST2可能参与了RSA小鼠体内Th1/Th2的调节,有助于妊娠的维持。     

流产、死胎患者男性因素初步分析

目的 分析探讨流产、死胎的男性因素.方法 利用精液常规分析、染色体核型分析、PCR技术和吖啶橙荧光染色方法,对102例不明原因自然流产1～3次或因死胎而人工流产患者的丈夫以及作为对照组的100例正常生育男性进行研究.结果 流产、死胎组精子密度、精子活率、精子(a+b)级活力和正常形态精子平均数低于正常生育对照组,有显著统计学差异(P＜0.001):流产、死胎组染色体核型异常率、Y染色体微缺失率和精子DNA完整率与正常对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 染色体核型异常、Y染色体微缺失和精子DNA损伤可能是导致流产、死胎原因.