反复自然流产患者血清中封闭抗体的检测

本文根据病史将反复自然流产(RSA)分类为原发性RSA 及继发性RSA,分别以单向混合淋巴细胞反应封闭试验及补体依赖微量细胞毒试验评价封闭抗体与两类流产的关系。结果发现,原发性RSA主要因封闭抗体缺乏所致;而继发性RSA 无封闭抗体缺乏迹象。因此,尽管原发性RSA 与继发性RSA 临床表现类似,但其免疫学病因及发病机理可能不同。     

Mulibrey nanism: Three additional patients and a review of 39 patients

We report on 3 patients with Mulibrey nanism (MN), or Perheentupa syndrome: the first 2 sibs from Argentina and a new patient from Spain. All 3 patients had growth failure, short stature, abnormal pigmentary retinal changes, and a J-shaped sella turcica. These findings are considered major criteria of MN. Two had pericardial constriction, which is a frequent and lifethreatening abnormality in this syndrome. MN is a rare autosomal recessive condition. Reviewing the 39 patients described so far, we have classified the anomalies into the very frequent (present in more than 66%), frequent (in at least 25%), and not frequent. Identifying the anomalies specific to MN should help its early diagnosis and treatment. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The effect of polycythemic hyperviscosity on ischemic bowel necrosis

It is known that polycythemia decreases the fluidity of the blood and impairs tissue perfusion due to red-cell sludging in the microcirculation. In this study, the effect of polycythemic hyperviscosity (PH) on bowel necrosis was evaluated in an experimental model of intestinal ischemia. Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats (90–170 g) were divided into two groups: group 1 was transfused to create hyperviscosity and then intestinal ischemia was produced (n = 16); in group 2 ischemia was produced without transfusion (n = 12). Intestinal ischemia was produced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery and the collateral arcades of the right colic artery for 30 min. Gross and histopathologic evaluations were performed by either immediate necropsy or relaparotomy 24 h later. Microscopic findings were graded from 0 to 3 according to the degree of ischemic changes. In group 1, 2 animals (12.5%) died before 24 h postoperatively; coagulation necrosis with grade 2 or 3 ischemic changes was observed in 10 animals (62.5%). In group 2 only a few hypertrophied Peyer's patches and capillary dilation were found, and all histopathologic changes were between grades 0 and 1. The difference between the histopathologic gradings of the two groups was significant (P < 0.001). It appears that in addition to reduced splanchnic blood flow, a secondary effect of PH is needed to induce ischemic coagulation necrosis. PH of the newborn must be considered a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis, so-called spontaneous intestinal perforations, and even intestinal atresia.Presented at the 1st European Congress of Pediatric Surgery, Graz/Austria, May 4–6, 1995     

Experimental approach to the pathogenesis of the anomalies of amniotic disease

By intra-adnexal injection of glucose in the rabbit embryo, we were able to stimulate all the anomalies associated with "Amniotic Disease". Since we were even able to obtain amniotic bands, this study provides an excellent experimental model of this disease. Resulting lesions occur early in development, corresponding to the first trimester of human gestation. All of the anomalies can ultimately be explained by the destruction of the most superficial cells: epiblastic cells of the embryo and the amnion, subjacent mesenchyme, and endothelial cells. The subsequent lack of interaction between these cells and the importance of the anatomical localizations of resulting hematomas can lead to the pathogenetic approach to this disease. In light of the present study, the disease appears to be caused by an external factor within the amniotic fluid. The exact nature of the destructive agent(s) remains a mystery in man.     

Synaptic connections of the auditory nerve in cats: relationship between endbulbs of held and spherical bushy cells

This report focuses on a class of large synaptic endings, the endbulbs of Held. These endings are located in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus and arise from the axons of type I spiral ganglion neurons. Axons were stained with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) using intracellular injections of single fibers or extracellular injections into the auditory nerve. Individual endbulbs or pairs of endbulbs that converged onto the same spherical bushy cell were examined with the aid of a light microscope and subjected to morphometric analyses. Endbulbs of fibers having low spontaneous discharge rates (SR, less than or equal to 18 spikes/sec) have a more complex shape than those of high SR fibers (greater than 18 s/s), a feature represented by systematic differences in endbulb silhouette perimeter without differences in endbulb silhouette area. Consequently, the ratio, silhouette area divided by silhouette perimeter, yields a "form factor" separating endbulbs of high SR from those of low SR. High SR fibers had ratios greater than 0.52 (mean = 0.63 +/- 0.09), whereas low SR fibers had ratios less than 0.52 (mean = 0.45 +/- 0.06). Pairs of endbulbs with unknown physiological properties had similar form factor values, despite the wide range of values observed in the endbulb population. These data imply that endbulbs converging upon the cell body of a spherical bushy cell arise from fibers of the same SR group. Electron microscopic examination was conducted on the endbulb of one physiologically characterized and intracellularly stained auditory nerve fiber (CF = 1.4 kHz; SR = 55 s/s) and its unstained endbulb mate with the aid of serial ultrathin sections. In addition to the well-known axosomatic synapses, these endbulbs formed axodendritic synapses: 11.7% for the HRP-labeled endbulb and 13.3% for the unlabeled endbulb. The axodendritic synapses appear to occur on dendrites of nearby spherical bushy cells and may represent a mechanism whereby single endbulbs can disperse activity to multiple neurons in the cochlear nucleus. We propose that axosomatic synapses preserve fiber SR groupings, whereas axodendritic synapses may not.     

经动脉插管栓塞治疗自发性肝癌破裂

目的:探讨经动脉插管栓塞治疗自发性肝癌破裂出血的疗效。方法:比较自发性肝癌破裂出血的病人采用单纯支持治疗(SCA组)和经动脉插管栓塞治疗(TAE组)的临床效果。结果:TAE组较SCA组生存期明显延长,分别为(129.8±83.9)d,(3.8±5.9)d(P<0.01)。结论:对自发性肝癌破裂出血的病人应积极采用经动脉插管栓塞治疗,为患者赢得局部化疗的时机,明显延长患者的生存期。     

培菲康作为辅助剂治疗肝硬化自发性腹膜炎临床研究

 目的探讨培菲康作为辅助剂治疗肝硬化自发性腹膜炎的临床治疗作用。方法将89例肝硬化并发自发性腹膜炎的 患者随机分为治疗组(45例)和对照组(44例)。对照组在保肝、利尿、补充白蛋白等基础上加用杭菌素进行治疗,7d为1疗程，共2个疗程。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用培菲康胶囊420mg,tid,疗程同对照组。疗程结束后观察两组临床症状、体征、腹水常规及培养和肝功能的变化情况。结果治疗组的总有效率为93.3%，而对照组为68.2%(P<0.01)治疗组在腹痛、腹部压痛、腹泻消失方面与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)，而在发热、腹水常规及培养检查方面与对照组比较差异亦有显著性(P<0.01),肝功能改善方面存在差异。结论培菲康作为辅助剂在治疗肝硬化自发性腹膜炎的临床治疗中有恢复肠道正常菌群，增强免疫，降低内毒素血症的作用，具有一定治疗作用。     

Spontaneous Splenic Rupture in a Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia of Burkitt Type

We describe a case of spontaneous splenic rupture occurred in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia of Burkitt type before starting cytotoxic chemotherapy. Left hypochondrial pain radiating to the homolateral shoulder was the only clinical symptom. Emergency computed tomography showed splenic laceration and hemoperitoneum. The patient underwent immediate laparotomy with splenectomy and experienced an uneventful postoperative recovery. Eight days after surgery, chemotherapy could be administered and complete remission was achieved. Although spontaneous rupture of the spleen is rare in leukemia and related disorders, this diagnosis should be taken in account also when clinical symptoms are mild. Following immediate operative management, patients may completely recover and receive cytotoxic chemotherapy with substantial possibilities of achieving complete remission.     

原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血介入动脉栓塞治疗

目的:研究原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血介入动脉栓塞治疗的方法。方法:回顾性分析对18例肝癌破裂出血患者采用急诊介入栓塞止血。结果:本组18例患者均得以有效止血。1例患者在3天后由于严重休克肝动脉栓塞治疗死于肝、肾衰竭。其余均无复发出血及急性肝功能衰竭。8例门静脉部分或完全阻塞患者经肝动脉栓塞(TAE)治疗后未出现肝功能衰竭。5例患者在栓塞术后3~7天内成功被施行肝肿瘤切除术。12例患者被明胶海绵栓塞术后,根据病情多次行介入治疗,肿瘤均有不同程度的缩小和坏死。结论:TAE是治疗肝癌破裂出血的有效方法,可达到立即止血的目的,同时可为肝癌后续血管内治疗提供途经。     

自然流产与绒毛中维甲酸X受体α基因突变关系的研究

目的 :探讨人类自然流产与绒毛中维甲酸X受体α(RXRα)基因突变的关系。方法 :用PCR SSCP 银染法和DNA测序法检测了自然流产 5 0例和正常早孕要求人工流产4 0例的胚胎绒毛组织中RXRα基因的外显子 2～ 10的突变。结果 :4 9例患者和正常对照组绒毛组织中RXRα基因的各个外显子在PCR SSCP 银染检测中均未显示异常。 1例患者SSCP 银染中显示异常的第 9外显子序列经DNA测序后未发现突变。结论 :目前尚不能认为人类自然流产与绒毛中RXRα基因突变有关