Validation of the Chinese Version of Underwood’s Daily Spiritual Experience Scale—Transcending Cultural Boundaries?

Background  Daily spiritual experience (DSE) refers to one’s interaction with the transcendent in day-to-day life. Underwood’s Daily Spiritual Experience Scale mic(DSES) was developed to measure this experiential component of religiousness and spirituality. Addressing ordinary daily experiences rather than particular beliefs, DSES has transcultural applicability potential. Purpose  The current study aimed to develop and evaluate the Chinese version of DSES (DSES-C). Method  The 16-item scale was translated faithfully through standard translation/back-translation procedures. The term “God” required an extended definition embracing both a humanized and a philosophical higher power in Chinese culture. The translated scale plus a battery of validation scales were administered to staff of a large rehabilitation service complex, resulting in 245 completed questionnaires. Results  Exploratory factor analysis revealed a similar factor structure as the original English version and similar problems with items 13 (compassion) and 14 (mercy). After carefully deliberating on the Chinese conceptualization of spirituality and balancing psychometric properties, the one-factor 16-item structure of the English version was supported. DSES-C showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.97). Construct validity was supported by correlations with validation scales in expected directions. Conclusion  The psychometric properties of DSES were similar to the English version in factor structure, internal consistency, and convergence/divergence construct validity.     

推进健康文明工作场所建设，充实职业卫生内涵

《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》（以下称职业病防治法）自2002年5月1日实施以来,我国大陆职业病防治工作取得的成绩有目共睹。主要表现为：各行业职工的卫生法制意识明显增强,职业卫生工作不断向社会、企业的各个方面深入发展;根据WHO的指导原则,卫生部在部分省市组织开展的基本职业卫生服务试点工作正在向各地推广,职业卫生服务的覆盖面在逐步扩大;农民工的职业病问题日益受到重视;劳动者用法律手段的维权意识增强;     

浅谈市场经济条件下的医德医风建设

随着改革开放的不断深入,在市场经济的竞争与挑战下,医务人员的思想观念有所转变,传统的医德医风受到严峻的考验。首先分析了在这个大环境下进行医德医风建设的重要性,然后从加强经常性教育,增强医德观念;加强制度建设,完善监督约束机制;倡导人性化服务,塑造医院形象三个方面对医德医风建设提出几点建议。     

Teaching spiritual care – a grounded theory study among undergraduate nursing educators

Aims and objectives. To explore teachers’ understanding of spirituality and how they prepare undergraduate nursing students to recognise spiritual cues and learn to assess and provide spiritual care. Background. Nursing education addresses patient care in all domains of the person. Systematic teaching and supervision of students to prepare them to assist patients spiritually is an important part of holistic care. However, few role models for spiritual care are seen in clinical practice, and limited research addresses necessary student competencies or how teachers can best facilitate this process. Design. Grounded theory was used to identify teachers’ main concern and develop a substantive grounded theory. Methods. Data collected during semi‐structured interviews at three Norwegian University Colleges in five focus groups with 19 undergraduate nursing teachers were conducted from 2008 to 2009. Data were analysed through constant comparison of transcribed interviews until categories emerged and were saturated. Results. The participants’ main concern was ‘How to help students recognize cues and ways of providing spiritual care’. Participants resolved this by ‘Journeying with Students through their Maturation’. This basic social process has three iterative phases that develop throughout the nursing programme: ‘Raising Student awareness to Recognize the Essence of Spirituality’, ‘Assisting Students to Overcome Personal Barriers’, and ‘Mentoring Students’ Competency in Spiritual Care’. Conclusion. Nursing education should prepare students to recognise and act on spiritual cues. Making spiritual assessment and interventions more visible and explicit throughout nursing programmes, in both classroom and clinical settings, will facilitate student maturation as they learn to integrate theoretical thinking into clinical practice. Relevance to clinical practice. Nursing students need role models who demonstrate spiritual care in the fast‐paced hospital environment as well as in other clinical practice settings. To model spirituality as part of nursing care can assist students to overcome their vulnerability and to safeguard ethical issues and promote patient integrity.     

The dermal manifestations of vasculitis

Abstract

The evidence base on effective treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the elderly population is scarce. The assessment and treatment of PTSD could pose a challenge for primary care providers and residents in training involved in treating PTSD in older adults. This article will review the epidemiology, the morbidity, the mortality, the biological perspective, the prognosis, and the psychosocial and pharmacological treatment options, in addition to the spiritual dimensions of PTSD and aging.     

中国传统政治文明中的"官民相得"

中国传统社会政治文明中存在“官民相得”的优良传统 ,其赖以存在的思想基础和价值取向是“道”与“德” ,其表现形式是“公”的系统与“私”的系统的相互配合 ,其实现途径是“民助官治”和“官、民的联结与交融”。道德对社会具有积极的规范、教育、导向作用 ,所以 ,道德历来成为人们修身养性、完善自我乃至治国安邦的重要工具 ,同时也成为官民联系的基本纽带。道德可以与法律相辅相承 ,自律可以与他律互为补充 ,法律和道德实际上相互为用、相互包容。江泽民所倡导的“以德治国”是对传统政治文明中的“官民相得”历史传统的积极传承 ,体现了我们党吸收古今中外一切优秀文化精神的博大胸襟。