The lumbar and lumbosacral facet-syndrome. Diagnostic measures,surgical treatment and results in 119 patients

Summary The authors present their diagnostic and therapeutic protocol as well as the surgical outcome in a series of 119 patients with the lumbar facet syndrome.By use of different surgical techniques such as translaminar screw fixation (n=56), Louis plate fixation (n=36), Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (n=11) and soft system stabilization according to Graf (n=14) excellent, good, satisfactory, moderate and poor results were obtained in 78 (67%), 20 (17%), 14 (12%), 4 (3%), and 1 (1%) instances, respectively.     

胚胎脊髓细胞悬液植入急性成年大鼠损伤脊髓

目的：建立胚胎脊髓细胞悬液移植于脊髓损伤模型，以评价其治疗脊髓损伤的可能性。方法：４２只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠以改良Ａｌｅｎ法（５０ｇｃｍ）打击脊髓，３天后将孕１４天（Ｅ１４）ＦＳＣＳ２０μｌ植入损伤空腔，移植后２、４、６、８、１０、１２周，以光、电镜、免疫组织化学观察移植物存活、分化及其与宿主之间关系。结果：移植细胞逐渐长大。充满不规则空腔，宿主ＮＦ、５－ＨＴ、ＣＧＲＰ纤维分别出现于移植物，ＧＦＡＰ纤维于宿主移植物交界处适量存在。移植成神经细胞、成少突胶质细胞、成星形细胞的细胞器日渐完善，细胞功能活跃。复杂及多样突触与细胞连接，将上述细胞与神经纤维、胶质纤维、毛细血管网在三维空间内连接成一体，并与宿主紧密嵌合。结论：（１）成年大鼠脊髓损伤３天后植入ＦＳＣＳ可以存活。（２）移植物进入宿主后，出现再分布，继而器官样分化。（３）长、短传导束进入移植物，显示了移植物的桥作用。（４）成少突胶质细胞的神经营救作用。（５）移植区内出现多种突触，提示移植物中继作用的可能性。     

脾结核的临床特征

目的 探讨脾结核的临床特点、诊断和治疗。方法 回顾性分析经临床、手术及病理证实的11例脾结核的临床特征。结果 11例患者中，男7例，女4例，平均年龄29岁。6例术后证实，5例经内科保守治疗后证实。多数患者表现为发热、消瘦、血沉增快、贫血、脾肿大，B超发现脾脏肿大11例，其中8例脾内多发占位，3例为孤立性占位；7例行CT检查，6例发现脾脏多发性大小不等的结节状低密度灶，1例为单发类圆形低密度影，边缘不清，增强扫描病灶内部无强化；6例患者伴后腹膜、脾门区等淋巴结肿大，5例患者伴其它脏器结核。结论 不明原因发热、消瘦、血沉增快、贫血、脾肿大为脾结核的主要临床表现，腹部B超和腹部CT能对脾结核作出较准确的判断，脾结核患者经正规治疗可治愈。     

Tuberculosis in children: a 13-year follow up of 1714 patients in a Belgian home care centre

From May 1970 to September 1983, 1714 children with different forms of primary tuberculosis were referred to the paediatric home care centre (Enfants soignés au Foyer, E.S.F.) of the Brussels University Hospital St.-Pierre. They were subdivided in five groups: asymptomatic (33%), symptomatic (28%), dubious tuberculous infections (35%), high-risk contacts (3%) and unestablished diagnosis (1%). They were aged from 10 days to 19 years, and 82% of them were migrants of low socio-economic level. Fifty percent of the symptomatic infections, mainly pulmonary, appeared in children under 3 years of age. An adult source of contamination was identified in 33% of the case (48% of the symptomatic children). Diagnosis was based on tuberculin screening with a 2IU intradermal test. Gastric aspirates yieldedMycobacterium tuberculosis in 15% of our patients, 11% of them showing resistance to one or more tuberculostatic drugs. Treatment was given to 1359 patients with excellent results. Therapy was shortened during the last 2 years of the study from 12 to 6 months for the asymptomatic patients and from 12 to 9 months for the symptomatic infections. Few complications were observed. Tuberculosis remains a serious cause of morbidity particularly in migrant children. Correct diagnosis and treatment of the disease is very important.     

高压氧在治疗脊髓损伤伴截瘫及肢体慢性溃疡中的应用

本文报告了用高压氧治疗脊髓损伤伴截瘫患者１２例，肢体慢性溃疡８例。将患者置于２个大气压的单人氧舱内，每次９０ｍｉｎ。前者疗程为１周，每日２次。后者疗程为２周，每日１次。治疗结果：脊髓损伤伴截瘫患者中８例有明显而有意义的功能恢复，占６６．６％。慢性溃疡患者中有３例愈合，４例好转，有效率为８５％。作者认为：早期使用高压氧是治疗急性截瘫，尤其是不完全性截瘫的一种安全有效的方法。高压氧治疗可加速慢性溃疡创面的愈合，但不能取代溃疡面的局部处理。     

Radiologic features compared to clinical findings in a prospective study of 153 patients with metastatic spinal cord compression treated by radiotherapy

Summary Plain radiography, myelography and post-myelographic CT-scan are described and related to clinical findings in a prospective study of 153 consecutive patients with myelographic signs of spinal cord compression. The majority of the metastatic tumours arise in the vertebral body or the pedicles. In 80% of the patients with total blockage to the contrast medium on myelography the post-myelographic-CT showed passage of the contrast medium. Ambulatory function at time of diagnosis was correlated to the degree and the localization of the epidural block. In 64 patients who underwent a second myelography, the post-treatment findings of sensory function were correlated to radiological regression.     

Delayed pain response after lumbar discography

Summary The delayed onset of symptomatic pain following lumbar discography (with no immediate pain response) is described in six patients, five with a minimum 2-year follow-up. It is usually seen in patients with nearly normal disc morphology who have incomplete or discrete annular tears that are not filled at the time of injection. Later (2–12 h in this study), dye leakage occurs through these lesions, thereby precipitating the discogenic pain This phenomenon may be missed and is probably more common than previously believed due to early discharge from the hospital, the patient expecting discomfort after the invasive study (hence no complaint is made), and the clinician being unaware of this delayed symptom, thereby not asking about it in follow-up. Close patient questioning regarding a delayed onset of symptomatic pain after discography is, therefore, an essential element in diagnostic information following this study.     

大剂量甲基强的松龙冲击治疗急性脊髓损伤疗效分析

目的研究大剂量甲基强的松龙(MP)治疗急性脊髓损伤的临床效果.方法对87例急性脊髓损伤患者进行回顾性研究,根据伤后时间并按自愿选择用药原则分为应用MP治疗组(MP组,45例)和未应用MP治疗组(对照组,42例),以ASIA分级标准进行分级,并比较疗效和并发症.结果两组患者在治疗前后感觉及运动功能均有明显改善(P＜0.05).但MP组的感觉及运动功能恢复均优于对照组(P＜0.05).MP治疗组中24h治疗组(A组)与48h治疗组(B组)并发症发生率比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而MP组与对照组比较并发症的发生率明显增加,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论早期应用MP大剂量冲击治疗急性脊髓损伤是一项有效措施,但会显著增加患者治疗中并发症的发生率.     

前路减压Z-plate内固定治疗胸腰段爆裂性骨折伴不全性截瘫

目的 探讨胸腰段爆裂性骨折伴不全瘫前路减压内固定优越性以及Z-plate系统的优点。方法 采用前路减压Z-plate内固定治疗胸腰段爆裂性骨折伴不全瘫25例。结果 全部病例均获随访，随访时间6～24个月，平均17个月。按Frankel分级评定有1～3级恢复，随访期间无后凸加重及内固定松动，植骨融合。结论 前路减压Z-plate内固定是治疗胸腰段爆裂性骨折的较好方法。