血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

目的 定量研究血液灌流对有机磷农药硫线磷和其解毒药阿托品的吸附作用.方法 模拟临床血液灌流装置,对含硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的血样进行灌流吸附,分别用毛细管气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法测定硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的残留量.结果 吸附剂用量为0.5、1.0和1.5 g,包膜活性炭在灌流2.0 h后硫线磷的清除率均能达到90%以上,硫酸阿托品的清除率依次为61.9%、84.9%和88.9%;HA230树脂在灌流1.5 h后硫线磷清除率都达到90%以上,硫酸阿托品的清除率也依次高达88.0%、97.2%和98.4%;包膜活性炭灌流3.0h后,硫酸阿托品与硫线磷的比值最高为灌流前的10.1倍,而HA230树脂灌流后,此比值最高为灌流前的6.7倍.结论 包膜活性炭和HA230吸附树脂血液灌流1.5～2.0 h均能清除血中大部分硫线磷,而且均能增加血中硫酸阿托品和硫线磷浓度的比值.     

Effects of saline loading on jejunal absorption of calcium,sodium, and water,and on parathyroid hormone secretion in the rat

Summary To investigate whether intestinal calcium absorption parallels that of sodium following extracellular fluid volume expansion, the effects of saline loading on intestinal transport of calcium. sodium and water were studied in rats by perfusing jejunal loops in situ.After calcium-free saline infusion net calcium absorption was reversed similar to that of sodium and water and net secretion occurred. Concurrently, blood-to-lumen (b-l) calcium flux, measured using⁴⁵Ca, increased significantly (P<0.001). Following expansion with calcium-containing Ringer a similar reversal of net calcium, sodium and water flux was also observed. Again, the b-l calcium flux increased but to a significantly lesser extent (P<0.05). Plasma ionized calcium remained unchanged after calcium-rich Ringer loading, but decreased significantly (P<0.001) when calcium was omitted from the solution. Plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was unchanged after expansion with the calcium containing solution but increased following calcium-free infusion.It is concluded that after extracellular fluid volume expansion: 1. net jejunal calcium absorption is decreased; 2. the decrease parallels that of sodium and water; 3. b-l calcium transport is enhanced to a greater degree by calcium-free Ringer infusion than by a calcium-rich solution. This difference could be the result of increased parathyroid hormone secretion.     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

Objective To study on adsorption effect of cadusafos and atropine sulfate by hemoperfusion.Method Hemoperfusions were performed for sheep blood samples with cadusafos and atropineby through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus.Residual cadusafos was determined by gas chromatography and residual atropine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Result Dose of adsorption agent was 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 g,respectively.Two hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,clearance rate of cadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%.and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 61.9%,84.9%,88.9%,respectively.One and a half hours after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin,clearance rate of eadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%,and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 88.0%,97.2%,98.4%,respectively.Three hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood promoted to 10.1 times,and the ratio was 6.7 times after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin.Conclusion It suggested that cadusafos were mostly removed from blood after 1.5～2.0hours hemoperfusion with membrane activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin.The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood will increased after hemoperfusion.     

Sensitivity to light and sound following minor head injury

9 consecutively referred closed head injury (CHI) patients were assessed for sensitivity to light and sound stimuli, within 7-19 days of injury, on both objective and subjective measures. Patients were matched with controls on age, sex, race, socio-economic status and order of test administration. The mean luminance (1366 lux) tolerated by CHI patients was significantly lower (0.01 level by Student's t-test for related samples) than that tolerated by controls (1783 lux). The mean sound intensity tolerated by CHI patients was also lower (82 db) than for controls (94 db), though this difference was not statistically significant. Subjective ratings of sensitivity made by CHI patients after exposure to intense sound and light stimuli, showed no relationship to objective ratings of tolerance. The results demonstrate an objective basis for complaints of increased sensitivity, at least to light, following CHI. These findings do not support earlier "psychogenic" explanations of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) etiology.     

The influence of bile salts on the absorption in vitro and in vivo of propranolol

The lipophilicity of propranolol is increased by some bile salts which form ion-pairs. In the presence of taurodeoxycholate, the logarithm of the apparent partition coefficient (log P) of propranolol is increased. Moreover, the apparent diffusion constants in vitro of propranolol as ion-pairs at pH 3.0–6.0 are about 5–6 times higher than those of propranolol alone.

The area under the curve values of plasma concentration—time profiles of propranolol, following its oral administration to rabbits together with taurodeoxycholate, are about 1.4 times higher than those after administration of propranolol alone. Moreover, after the admistration of propranolol with taurodeoxycholate the plasma concentration rises more rapidly, with a point of inflection between 0.5 and 1.5 h, than after administration of propranolol alone.

Taurodeoxycholate does not modify the first-pass effect of propranolol in rabbits following intravenous and intraportal administration. The absorption of an oral dose of propranolol in the presence of taurodeoxycholate increases from 70% to 100%, due to the higher lipophilicity of the ion-pair. The plasma concentration—time curves suggest the hypothesis that greater absorption of the ion-pair occurs mainly in the upper region of the gastrointestinal tract.     

Kubelka-Munk模型下的兔血管对氦-氖激光的散射与吸收特性

测量了兔动脉和静脉对 He-Ne激光的反射和透射传输特性。实验采用两积分球系统及波长为632.8nm的He-Ne激光器,并根据测量数据及采用 Kubelka-Munk模型分析和计算了兔动脉和静脉组织对该长激光的吸收系数、散射系数及总的光强I（x）及前向散射通量i(x）和后向散射通量j(x）随厚度的变化情况。结果表明,兔动脉和静脉的漫反射率和透射率有明显差别,而且,动脉对激光的吸收系数明显较静脉的要小,而动脉对激光的散射系数却明显较静脉的要大,在动脉和静脉组织中总的光强I（x）及前向散射通量i(x）和后向散射通量j(x）随组织厚度的变化情况也有明显的区别。     

冰糖增加口服四环素吸收作用机理的初步研究

目的 :对中药冰糖增加口服四环素吸收作用机理进行初步的实验研究。方法 :参考 Masahiro Fukahori等介绍的方法 ,分别给大白鼠单独口服 (灌胃 )四环素或合并不同浓度冰糖溶液 (2 0 %、40 %、6 0 %、80 % )口服 (灌胃 )后 ,采用改进的荧光光度法测定血药浓度及肠内液药物浓度及含量 ,并称量与比较肠内容物量。结果 :合并使用冰糖可使大白鼠血中四环素的浓度明显提高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,并在 2 0 %～ 6 0 %范围内呈明显的线性关系 ,而肠道内液四环素的含量则明显降低 (P<0 .0 5 )。但肠道内容物量与冰糖浓度并无明显相关性。结论 :冰糖可明显增加大白鼠口服四环素在肠道的吸收 ;而冰糖浓度对肠腔液体量没有明显影响。结果提示冰糖增加口服四环素吸收可能通过主动吸收过程。     

基于coif5小波的多普勒胎心音信号提取算法的研究

胎心率监护是围产期胎儿监护的关键技术指标，超声多普勒测量胎心率是最常用的无创方法。由于胎心多普勒信号具有信噪比低、非平稳的随机性特点，提出基于coif5小波，结合双重阈值方法的胎心音信号提取算法。实验表明，该算法有效地解决了由于胎心率加倍、减半所引起的胎心率曲线翻转问题，提高了多普勒胎心音信号提取的准确性。     

The Krotkoff sound

As the auscultatory method of blood pressure measurement relies fundamentally on the generation of the Korotkoff sound, identification of the responsible mechanisms has been of interest ever since the introduction of the method, around the turn of the century. In this article, a theory is proposed that identifies the cause of sound generation with the nonlinear properties of the pressure-flow relationship in, and of the volume compliance of the collapsible segment of brachial artery under the cuff. The rising portion of a normal incoming brachial pressure pulse is distorted due to these characteristics, and energy contained in the normal pulse is shifted to the audible range. The pressure transient produced is transmitted to the skin surface and stethoscope through deflection of the arterial wall. A mathematical model is formulated to represent the structures involved and to computer the Korotkoff sound. The model is able to predict quantitatively a range of features of the Korotkoff sound reported in the literature. Several earlier theories are summarized and evaluated.     

微波体模

用水、盐,聚氯乙烯粉和羧甲基纤维钠四种材料配制成一种适用的微波体模(模拟肌肉组织)。该体模的复介电系数在300～2500MHz范围内与实际人体肌肉组织的误差≤5％。这种体模的优点是材料立足国内,价廉,室温下配制,使用方便。本文也给出这种体模的温度特性,稳定性和热学特性,供电磁场生物效应和微波热疗等研究使用。