免疫磁珠法分离、培养人脑胶质瘤干细胞

目的建立免疫磁珠法分离，并培养人脑胶质瘤干细胞的方法。方法将术中取得的脑胶质瘤标本，通过剪切、消化和吹打成单细胞悬液，筛网过滤，免疫磁珠分选试剂盒分选出CD133^＋细胞，用神经干细胞无血清培养法培养出具有单细胞克隆能力的细胞球，取第3代进行诱导分化，分化前后用免疫细胞荧光化学方法鉴定肿瘤干细胞及分化后细胞。结果免疫磁珠分选出的CD133^＋细胞，可悬浮生长并形成神经干细胞样细胞球，有较强的增殖能力，干细胞标志物巢蛋白（nestin）阳性，分化后细胞表达神经元小管相关蛋白β-3（β-tubulin3）和星形胶质细胞胶质纤维酸性蛋白质（GFAP）特异性抗原，而巢蛋白、CD133^＋阴性，并具有肿瘤的核型。结论免疫磁珠分选法可避免原代培养中众多细胞混杂生长的发生，能够从大量肿瘤细胞中分离出只占极少比例的肿瘤干细胞，细胞结合磁珠后在体外可以长期培养和传代，进一步证实了肿瘤干细胞的存在，并为胶质瘤干细胞的研究奠定基础。     

An experience of cell sorting using samples isolated from paraffin-embedded tissue of neuroblastoma

Flow cytometric DNA content analyses were performed on samples from 72 patients with neuroblastoma. Nuclear suspensions obtained from paraffin-embedded samples were prepared using the method described by Schutte et al.⁴ Determination of DNA ploidy was possible in 62 out of 72 patients. DNA diploidy was detected in 23 (37.1%) and DNA aneuploidy was found in 39 (62.9%) of these 62 patients. Cell sorting was performed on two peak areas of the DNA histogram of samples with aneuploidy. The sorted cells of the first peak area were composed of small round cells and were considered to be normal lymphocytes. The sorted cells of the second peak area were composed of relatively large cells with obvious nucleoli and were considered to be neuroblastoma cells. Thus, two cell components could be distinguished by cell sorting. It is concluded that cell sorting may be of benefit in giving detailed information about DNA histograms, even in samples obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue.     

邮政分拣作业对工人健康影响的调查研究

本文对６９名女性信件分拣作业工人的慢性肌肉骨胳损伤和心理生理功能进行了调查，并测量了作业场所人机学参数。结果表明：分拣作业者，肩、腰、背和手腕部不适感阳性率较高，作业者身体尺寸参数与工作架及坐椅尺寸参数不匹配。作业后作业者临界闪烁融合频率和视度值较作业前显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１），而简单反应时作业后显著长于作业前（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示邮政分拣作业是一种视需性、单调性和重复性运动作业，作业过程中存在着姿势紧张问题，邮政分拣作业对作业者的身心健康存在着不良影响。     

Regulation of death and survival in astrocytes by ADP activating P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors

ADP is the endogenous agonist for both P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) receptors, which are important therapeutic targets. It was previously demonstrated that ADP and a synthetic agonist, 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-diphosphate (2MeSADP), can induce apoptosis by activating the human P2Y(1) receptor heterologously expressed in astrocytoma cells. However, it was not known whether the P2Y(12) receptor behaved similarly. We demonstrated here that, unlike with the G(q)-coupled P2Y(1) receptor, activation of the G(i)-coupled P2Y(12) receptor does not induce apoptosis. Furthermore, activation of the P2Y(12) receptor by either ADP or 2MeSADP significantly attenuates the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced apoptosis in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. This protective effect was blocked by the P2Y(12) receptor antagonist 2-methylthioAMP and by inhibitors of phospholipase C (U73122) and protein kinase C (chelerythrin), but not by the P2Y(1) receptor antagonist MRS2179. Toward a greater mechanistic understanding, we showed that hP2Y(12) receptor activation by 10nM 2MeSADP, activates Erk1/2, Akt, and JNK by phosphorylation. However, at a lower protective concentration of 100pM 2MeSADP, activation of the hP2Y(12) receptor involves only phosphorylated Erk1/2, but not Akt or JNK. This activation is hypothesized as the major mechanism for the protective effect induced by P2Y(12) receptor activation. Apyrase did not affect the ability of TNFalpha to induce apoptosis in hP2Y(12)-1321N1 cells, suggesting that the endogenous nucleotides are not involved. These results may have important implications for understanding the signaling cascades that follow activation of P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) receptors and their opposing effects on cell death pathways.     

Low-molecular-weight fucoidan enhances the proangiogenic phenotype of endothelial progenitor cells

Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation is a potential means of inducing neovascularization in vivo. However, the number of circulating EPC is relatively small, it may thus be necessary to enhance their proangiogenic properties ex vivo prior to injection in vivo. Fucoidan has previously been shown to potentiate in vitro tube formation by mature endothelial cells in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). We therefore examined whether fucoidan, alone or combined with FGF-2, could increase EPC proangiogenic potency in vitro. EPC exposure to 10 microg/ml fucoidan induced a proangiogenic phenotype, including cell proliferation (p < 0.01) and migration (p < 0.01); moreover, differentiation into vascular cords occurred in the presence of FGF-2 (p < 0.01). This latter effect correlated with upregulation of the cell-surface #alpha6 integrin subunit of the laminin receptor (p < 0.05). Compared to untreated HUVEC, untreated EPC #alpha6 expression and adhesion to laminin were enhanced two-fold. Fucoidan treatment further enhanced HUVEC but not EPC adhesion to laminin. These results show that fucoidan enhances the proangiogenic properties of EPC and suggest that ex vivo fucoidan preconditioning of EPC might lead to increased neovascularization when injected into ischemic tissues.     

免疫磁性活化细胞分选方法优化及纯化后细胞的生物学特性检测

目的:改良常规免疫磁性活化细胞分选(MACS)的分离纯化方法,提高分选后细胞的纯度并确保细胞仍具有良好活性及功能。方法:以干细胞抗原-1(Sca-1)标记的Sca-1+造血干/祖细胞(Sca-1+HSC/HPC)为例,分别用改良后和常规MACS法分选出小鼠骨髓细胞Sca-1+细胞,流式细胞术检测两种分选方法获得Sca-1+细胞纯度;计算阳性细胞回收率;台酚蓝染色检测分选细胞存活百分率;CCK-8检测细胞增殖,混合造血祖细胞(CFU-Mix)体外培养评价分选Sca-1+细胞分化能力。结果:改良MACS法分选获得的Sca-1+细胞纯度达93%以上(常规MACS法仅为87%),阳性细胞的回收率可达73%(常规法仅为62.3%);细胞存活率、细胞增殖和CFU-Mix集落形成能力两种分选方法无明显差别。结论:改良法能明显提高细胞分选纯度及回收率,细胞活性和功能保持良好,值得各种细胞免疫磁性分选参考采用。     

微流控芯片精子分选法对精子常规参数及DNA完整性的影响

目的:研究微流控芯片精子优选技术对精子常规参数及DNA完整性的影响。方法:自行设计制作微流控芯片,利用芯片处理技术和上游法对40例精液标本进行精子优选,通过计算机辅助精液分析系统及染色质扩散试验从精子常规参数及DNA完整性两个方面评价精液体外处理对精子的影响。结果:精液经微流控芯片法和上游法处理后,精子活力、精子正常形态率以及精子尾部肿胀率均有显著提高(P<0.01),精子的DNA损伤率明显降低(P<0.01)。微流控芯片法与上游法相比,优选后前者精子DNA损伤率明显低于后者[(8.4±5.8)%vs(16.4±9.2)%,P<0.01],而其他参数差异无显著性。结论:微流控芯片技术在精子优选中能获得精子DNA损伤程度小的高质量精子。     

人源化乙肝表面抗体重链克隆、表达及免疫学特性初步鉴定

目的建立一种利用单细胞分选技术克隆人源化乙肝表面抗体重链的方法。方法从乙肝疫苗接种志愿者外周血中分选得到单个抗体分泌细胞,单细胞RT-PCR筛选20个单菌落,挑选其中有IgG保守区域的克隆全长,并将IgG(H)基因全长克隆到pEGFP-N1载体,转染COS-7细胞,取上清液进行Western blotting验证,并采用Batty饱和法测定亲和力常数。结果筛选得到IgG(H)能与HBsAg结合,且Ka值达到2.39×109L/mol。结论利用单细胞分选克隆技术获得的抗体重链亲和力较高。     

合理进行多元分析——广义主成分分析

本文目的是介绍与主成分分析有关的基本概念、计算方法、两个实例以及SAS实现。基本概念包括相关矩阵、特征值与特征向量、主成分变量、主成分表达式和主成分的性质;计算方法涉及特征值与特征向量的求法、主成分分析的计算原理以及系数估计和个数的确定;两个实例中的资料分别为“20例肝病患者的4项肝功能指标的测定结果”和“23种肿瘤类期刊的文献计量学指标的调查结果”;借助SAS对两个实例中的定量资料进行了主成分分析,并基于主成分的计算结果分别实现了样品聚类和样品排序,并对输出结果作出了解释。     

Nanoparticles of cisplatin augment drug accumulations and inhibit multidrug resistance transporters in human glioblastoma cells

BackgroundCisplatin (CSP) is a potent anticancer drug widely used in treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, CSP's clinical efficacy in GBM contrasted with low therapeutic ratio, toxicity, and multidrug resistance (MDR). Therefore, we have developed a system for the active targeting of cisplatin in GBM via cisplatin loaded polymeric nanoplatforms (CSP-NPs).MethodsCSP-NPs were prepared by modified double emulsion and nanoprecipitation techniques. The physiochemical characterizations of CSP-NPs were performed using zeta sizer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), drug release kinetics, and drug content analysis. Cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle-specific activity of CSP-NPs in human GBM cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay, fluorescent microscopy, and flow cytometry. Intracellular drug uptake was gauged by fluorescent imaging and flow cytometry. The potential of CSP-NPs to inhibit MDR transporters were assessed by flow cytometry-based drug efflux assays.ResultsCSP-NPs have smooth surface properties with discrete particle size with required zeta potential, polydispersity index, drug entrapment efficiency, and drug content. CSP-NPs has demonstrated an ‘initial burst effect’ followed by sustained drug release properties. CSP-NPs imparted dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity and triggered apoptosis in human GBM cells. Interestingly, CSP-NPs significantly increased uptake, internalization, and accumulations of anticancer drugs. Moreover, CSP-NPs significantly reversed the MDR transporters (ABCB1 and ABCG2) in human GBM cells.ConclusionThe nanoparticulate system of cisplatin seems to has a promising potential for active targeting of cisplatin as an effective and specific therapeutic for human GBM, thus eliminating current chemotherapy's limitations.