大脑功能区胶质瘤的临床诊断和治疗探讨

目前,对于大脑功能区胶质治疗方法有很多种,大多用的还是手术治疗。如何让手术治疗的效果达到完善,完美。一直是神经外科手术工作的难点。手术治疗的最高目标无非是让患者的神经功能不会有缺失,让患者的生活质量更好。当然在还有很多辅助的治疗手段,比如电生理检测,超声MRI（神经导航术以及成象术）等。随着医疗技术的提高和发展,这些辅助治疗已经成治疗大脑功能区质瘤的主要手段。     

A look at emerging delivery systems for topical drug products

The introduction of new topical drugs based on new chemical entities has become a rare event. Instead, pharmaceutical companies have been focused on reformulating existing drugs resulting in an ever-growing number of topical drug products for every approved drug substance. In light of this trend, soon reformulations may not be as rewarding to their sponsors as they are today unless they offer a substantial improvement over other formulations of the same drug substance and the same indication, namely improved efficacy over existing drugs, reduced side effects, unique drug combinations, or applicability for new indications. This article reviews and compares topical drug delivery systems currently under active research that are designed to offer such advantages in the coming years. The reviewed delivery systems are: liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, cyclodextrin, and sol-gel microcapsules. Among all the topical drug delivery systems currently undergoing active research, only the sol-gel microencapsulation is at clinical stages.     

Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyurea Elastomers by Sol/Gel Chemistry

A series of elastomers based on polyurea chemistry is synthesized by crosslinking amino‐terminated polyethers with a triisocyanate using an appropriate solvent, which slowed down the reactivity of the amino groups. Control of the reactivity allows the shaping of the material, and films of defined thickness can be achieved for mechanical testing. The strength of the final network can be tuned by the crosslinking density of the network chemical constitution. The resulting materials show a good thermal stability and promising mechanical enhancement.

     

紫外光固化耐磨涂料的进展

综述了紫外光固化耐磨涂料的进展情况 ,着重介绍了溶胶 -凝胶法制备紫外光固化耐磨杂化涂料的研究进展。     

Relationship between sol–gel conditions and enzyme stability: a case study with β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst for whey hydrolysis

The sol–gel process has been very useful for preparing active and stable biocatalysts, with the possibility of being reused. Especially those based on silica are well known. However, the study of the enzyme behavior during this process is not well understood until now and more, if the surfactant is involved in the synthesis mixture. This work is devoted to the encapsulation of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans in silica by sol–gel process, assisted by non-ionic Triton X-100 surfactant. The correlation between enzyme activity results for the β-galactosidase in three different environments (soluble in buffered aqueous reference solution, in the silica sol, and entrapment on the silica matrix) explains the enzyme behavior under stress conditions offered by the silica sol composition and gelation conditions. A stable β-galactosidase/silica biocatalyst is obtained using sodium silicate, which is a cheap source of silica, in the presence of non-ionic Triton X-100, which avoids the enzyme deactivation, even at 40 °C. The obtained biocatalyst is used in the whey hydrolysis for obtaining high value products from this waste. The preservation of the enzyme stability, which is one of the most important challenges on the enzyme immobilization through the silica sol–gel, is achieved in this study.     

羟基磷灰石和二氧化钛纳米粒子溶胶的血液相容性

羟基磷灰石 (HAP)和二氧化钛 (TiO2 )纳米粒子是两种具有潜在应用前景的生物材料。本文通过溶血实验、小鼠出血和凝血时间、凝血酶原时间 (PT)和白陶土部分凝血活酶时间 (PTT)测定等对两种纳米粒子溶胶的血液相容性行了初步评价。结果显示 ,HAP纳米粒子溶胶、溶血实验阴性 ,显著延长小鼠的出血、凝血时间和大鼠白陶土部分凝血活酶时间和凝血酶原时间。TiO2 纳米粒子溶胶对小鼠的出、凝血时间无影响 ,溶血实验阴性。对大鼠白陶土部分凝血活酶时间和凝血酶原时间也无影响。两种纳米粒子溶胶均可使体外家兔红细胞发生凝聚。上述实验不同的结果主要与使用了不同的稳定剂有关 :HAP稳定剂为肝素 ,TiO2 稳定剂为聚氯乙烯 (PVC)。提示 ,在考虑纳米粒子溶胶的生物学应用前景时 ,除了纳米粒子本身的性质 ,筛选具备生物学惰性的稳定剂也是不容忽视的问题     

In situ gelling and mucoadhesive polymers: why do they need each other?

Introduction: Mucosal drug delivery is an attractive route of administration, particularly in overcoming deficits of conventional dosage forms including high first-pass metabolism and poor bioavailability. Fast drainage from the target mucosa, however, represents a major limitation as it prevents sufficient drug absorption. In order to address these problems, mucoadhesive in situ gelling drug delivery systems have been investigated as they facilitate easy application in combination with a longer residence time at the administration site resulting in more desirable therapeutic effects.

Areas covered: The present review evaluates the importance of the combination of mucoadhesive and in situ gelling polymers along with mechanisms of in situ gelation and mucoadhesion. In addition, an overview about recent applications in mucosal drug delivery is provided.

Expert opinion: In situ gelling and mucoadhesive polymers proved to be essential excipients in order to prolong the mucosal residence time of drug delivery systems. Due to this prolonged residence time both local and systemic therapeutic efficacy of numerous drugs can be substantially improved. Depending on the site of administration and the incorporated drug, combinations of different polymers with in situ gelling and mucoadhesive properties are needed to keep the delivery system as long as feasible at the target site.     

奥美沙坦联合比索洛尔治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的探讨奥美沙坦联合比索洛尔治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法选取我院在2009年8月至2012年8月收治的120例慢性心力衰竭的患者随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组患者单独使用奥美沙坦治疗,观察组患者给予奥美沙坦联合比索洛尔治疗,对比观察两组治疗方法的临床疗效。结果对照组患者治疗效果的总有效率为66.7%,治疗组患者治疗效果的总有效率为93.3%,治疗组取得的临床治疗疗效明显优于对照组,存在的差异性具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者在不良反应发生率上无显著差异性(P>0.05)。结论奥美沙坦联合比索洛尔治疗慢性心力衰竭效果显著。