Correlation between mechanical stress by finite element analysis and 18F‐fluoride PET uptake in hip osteoarthritis patients

¹⁸F‐fluoride positron emission tomography (¹⁸F‐fluoride PET) is a functional imaging modality used primarily to detect increased bone metabolism. Increased ¹⁸F‐fluoride PET uptake suggests an association between increased bone metabolism and load stress at the subchondral level. This study therefore examined the relationship between equivalent stress distribution calculated by finite element analysis and ¹⁸F‐fluoride PET uptake in patients with hip osteoarthritis. The study examined 34 hips of 17 patients who presented to our clinic with hip pain, and were diagnosed with osteoarthritis or pre‐osteoarthritis. The hips with trauma, infection, or bone metastasis of cancer were excluded. Three‐dimensional models of each hip were created from computed tomography data to calculate the maximum equivalent stress by finite element analysis, which was compared with the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) examined by ¹⁸F‐fluoride PET. The SUV_max and equivalent stress were correlated (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.752), and higher equivalent stress values were noted in higher SUV_max patients. The correlation between SUV_max and maximum equivalent stress in osteoarthritic hips suggests the possibility that ¹⁸F‐fluoride PET detect increased bone metabolism at sites of stress concentration. This study demonstrates the correlation between mechanical stress and bone remodeling acceleration in hip osteoarthritis. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:78–83, 2015.     

磷酸肌酸钠对肝下下腔静脉联合门静脉阻断术围术期心肌酶的影响

目的 探讨磷酸肌酸钠对围术期心肌酶的影响.方法 选择择期采用肝下下腔静脉联合门静脉阻断行肝部分切除手术患者40例,随机均分为两组:Ⅰ组磷酸肌酸钠2.0 g在术前30 min开始输注,术后继续应用磷酸肌酸钠;Ⅱ组未用磷酸肌酸钠,给等剂量生理盐水.记录围术期HR、CVP以及MAP变化.于麻醉前、术后1、3、5 d和7 d抽血测定α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBD)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST).结果 与麻醉前比较,两组术后α-HBD浓度升高并持续到术后7 d(P＜0.05),术后1 d和3 d Ⅰ组增高的幅度比Ⅱ组小(P＜0.05).CK升高并持续到术后5 d(P＜0.05),Ⅰ组增高的幅度均比Ⅱ组小(P＜0.05).CK-MB和LDH分别于术后1 d和3 d升高(P＜0.05),但术后1 d Ⅰ组增高的幅度比Ⅱ组小(P<0.05).ALT升高并持续剑术后7 d,Ⅰ组增高幅度均比Ⅱ组小(P＜0.05).AST升高并持续到术后7 d(P＜0.05),术后1 d和3 d ＜组增高的幅度比Ⅱ组小(P<0.05).结论 围术期给予磷酸肌酸钠可以在一定程度上减轻肝下下腔静脉联合门静脉阻断所引起的心肌酶释放,对心肌损害有一定的保护作用.     

阿仑膦酸钠/磷酸钙骨水泥释放体系结构及体外释放规律的研究

目的 制备不同浓度的阿仑膦酸钠/磷酸钙骨水泥释放体系,观察阿仑膦酸钠对磷酸钙骨水泥结构的影响及复合释放体系体外释放的规律.方法 分别制备1wt％、3wt％和5wt％的载阿仑膦酸钠磷酸钙骨水泥释放体系,分别采用傅氏转换红外线光谱分析仪、扫描电子显微镜和高效液相色谱仪研究载阿仑膦酸钠磷酸钙骨水泥的结构和药物体外释放规律.结果 阿仑膦酸钠的载入没有改变磷酸钙骨水泥相成分的官能团;扫描电镜下各实验组微观结构相似,均呈珊瑚样状结晶体相互交织成网状结构;各组药物在同一时间点释放量(％)的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),各组药物的释放均分为48 h前的突释阶段和48 h后的缓释阶段,符合Higuchi机制扩散释放模型.结论 阿仑膦酸钠的载入对磷酸钙骨水泥的晶体结构基本没有影响,且在磷酸钙骨水泥释放体系中能够持续、稳定的释放.     

伊班膦酸钠对大鼠膝骨关节炎关节软骨及软骨下骨的影响

目的观察伊班膦酸钠对大鼠膝骨关节炎关节软骨及软骨下骨的影响,并从MAPKs信号通路探讨其作用机制。方法将30只3月龄SD雄性大鼠随机分成3组(每组10只)。假手术组、前交叉韧带切断术组(ACLT组)、前交叉韧带切断术+伊班膦酸钠治疗组(治疗组)。其中ACLT组及治疗组均行ACLT术(膝关节前交叉韧带切断术)处理。术后1w,治疗组予以腹腔注射伊班膦酸钠10μg/kg,1 w 1次,共12 w;ACLT组腹腔注射生理盐水,剂量参照伊班膦酸钠,1w 1次,共12 w。12 w后处死动物,对关节软骨行Mankin评分、软骨下骨显微CT及骨组织定量分析、以及对MAPKs信号通路和MMP-13 mRNA表达水平进行分析。结果 1ACLT组的骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)显著低于假手术组(P0.05、P0.05),骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)两组之间差异无明显统计学意义、而骨小梁间隔(Tb.Sp)显著高于假手术组(P0.01);治疗组骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)明显高于ACLT组(P0.05、P0.05),骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)两组之间差异无明显统计学意义,而骨小梁间隔(Tb.Sp)显著低于ACLT组(P0.05)。2ACLT组的Mankin评分明显高于假手术组(P0.01);治疗组的Mankin评分明显低于ACLT组(P0.05)。3ACLT组中MAPKs信号通路(C-JUN、ERK1及P38)和MMP-13水平明显高于假手术组(P0.01、P0.01、P0.01、P0.01);治疗组的MAPKs信号通路(C-JUN、ERK1及P38)和MMP-13水平明显低于ACLT组(P0.01、P0.01、P0.01、P0.01)。结论伊班膦酸钠可能通过调控MAPKs信号通路的机制缓解大鼠膝骨关节炎关节软骨退变,并且抑制软骨下骨的骨质疏松。     

“六步八法”手法联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗膝关节退行性病变

目的探讨"六步八法"手法联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗膝关节退行性病变临床疗效。方法随机将2012-03—2014-03间收治的60例膝关节退行性病变患均分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组行阿仑膦酸钠治疗,观察组则给予"六步八法"手法联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗。对2组临床疗效、治疗前后VAS及JOA评分进行比较。结果观察组治疗总有效率96.67%,明显高于对照组(80.00%)。两组比较,差异有统计学意义。2组治疗后VAS及JOA评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 "六步八法"手法联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗膝关节退行性病变安全有效,能明显改善患者膝关节功能,值得临床推广。     

帕瑞昔布钠与舒芬太尼在肛肠病术后镇痛的应用

为比较帕瑞昔布钠和舒芬太尼联合应用与单纯应用舒芬太尼在肛肠病术后的镇痛效果和不良反应,将肛肠病术后病人120例随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组和对照组各60例。手术结束时帕瑞昔布钠组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg和舒芬太尼1．00pg／ml行静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）,12h后帕瑞昔布钠组再静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg;对照组单纯应用舒芬太尼1．50μg／ml行PCIA。观察两组病人术后2,4,6,12h和24h的疼痛强度（VAS评分）、镇痛的补救以及不良反应的发生率。结果显示,与对照组相比,帕瑞昔布钠组术后舒芬太尼用最减少,不良反应发生率降低,术后24h镇痛满意度明显提高（P〈0．05）,而两组12h和24h VAS评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结果表明,肛肠病术后静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠可减少术后舒芬太尼的用量,提高病人术后镇痛效果。     

五加补骨方及阿仑膦酸钠对模拟失重大鼠骨丢失干预比较

目的:比较五加补骨方及阿仑膦酸钠对3周尾吊模拟失重大鼠前后肢骨胳及肌肉丢失的干预作用.方法:自2009年3月至5月,6周龄雄性Wistar大鼠40只,按体重用随机区组法分为:五加补骨方组(HUC)、阿仑膦酸钠组(HUA)、空白组(CON)、模型组(HU),每组10只.动物实验周期为4周,HUC组全程给予五加补骨方(含刺五加、熟地黄、怀牛膝、牡蛎等)水煎剂,按体重10 ml/kg剂量每日灌胃1次,药液浓度0.704 g/ml;HUA组全程给定量阿仑膦酸钠片溶解混悬剂灌胃,按体重10 ml/kg剂量每周灌胃1次,药液浓度0.9 mg/ml;CON组和HU组均以上述方法全程给予蒸馏水.自第2周始,HU、HUC、HUA组均以尾部悬吊模拟失重3周.第4周末处死大鼠,分别测量血清钙、磷含量及碱性磷酸酶活性(ALP),肱骨和股骨骨密度(BMD)、肱骨和胫骨生物力学性能(biomechanical property)以及肱二头肌和腓肠肌重量指数.结果:与CON组比较,HU组血清Ca显著升高(P＜0.05),后肢BMD、力学性能及肌肉指数均显著降低(P＜0.01);与CON组比较,HUA组血清Ca显著升高(P＜0.05).HUC组血清ALP显著高于其他3组(P＜0.01).与HU组比较,HUC组及HUA组股骨BMD均显著升高,胫骨最大载荷、最大桡度及弹性载荷均有升高趋势;与HU组相比,HUC组及HUA组腓肠肌萎缩分别缓解12.5%和50%(P＞0.05),肱骨BMD均无显著变化,而HUA组肱骨最大桡度(P＜0.01)及弹性桡度(P＜0.05)均较HU组有显著降低.结论:中药复方和阿仑膦酸钠均可有效抑制模拟失重造成的后肢骨及肌肉丢失,改善其力学结构.中药复方在缓解上肢力学性能改变方面表现出一定优势.在治疗航天失重骨丢失类疾病上,五加补骨方与阿仑膦酸钠效果相当.     

羟考酮联合帕瑞昔布钠对胃癌根治术术后镇痛的影响

目的观察羟考酮联合帕瑞昔布钠对胃癌根治术术后镇痛的影响。方法选择择期胃癌根治术患者60例,采用随机数字表法均分为两组:帕瑞昔布钠+羟考酮组(PO组)和帕瑞昔布钠+吗啡组(PM组)。两组术前30min均给予帕瑞昔布钠40mg预先镇痛,术后均给予患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)。PO组缝皮前缓慢静推羟考酮0.03mg/kg,术后羟考酮0.6mg/kg和格拉司琼3mg,生理盐水稀释至100ml入泵。PM组缝皮给予吗啡0.03mg/kg,术后吗啡0.6mg/kg和格拉司琼3mg,生理盐水稀释至100ml入泵。记录两组术后3、12、24和48h患者的静息和咳嗽时VAS评分,术后48h内PCA有效按压次数,镇痛药物追加和上腹部不适感等不良反应发生情况。结果与PM组比较,术后不同时点PO组静息和咳嗽时VAS评分明显降低(P0.05),术后48h内PCA有效按压次数、镇痛药物追加例数明显减少(P0.05),上腹部不适感、恶心呕吐、嗜睡和皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生率明显降低(P0.05)。结论羟考酮联合帕瑞昔布钠给胃癌根治术患者提供安全有效的镇痛,且不良反应发生较少。     

电压门控性钠通道mRNA在海人酸致痫大鼠表达的研究

目的:探讨电压门控性钠通道在癫痫发病机制中的作用。方法:采用海人酸颞叶癫痫模型,运用原位杂交技术检测不同时点海马DG区、CA1区、CA2区和CA3区SCN2A、SCN3A mRNA的表达。结果:SCN2A和SCN3AmRNA均表达于海马的DG区、CA1、CA2、CA3区。海人酸致痫后3小时在海马各区表达开始增强,6小时明显增强(P<0.05),12小时达到高峰(P<0.01),24小时开始下降,48小时恢复至正常水平。结论:电压门控性钠通道SCN2AmRNA和SCN3A mRNA的表达增加可能参与了颞叶癫痫急性期的发病。     

Persistence in degenerating sciatic nerve of substances having a trophic influence upon cultured muscle

Citrate-soluble proteins were extracted from normal and degenerating chicken sciatic nerves and added to chick embryonic skeletal muscle cultures to determine the trophic influences of the soluble proteins upon muscle cells. The soluble protein from normal or degenerating nerves was equally effective in promoting the protein synthesis, maturation, and long-term maintenance of muscle cells. Normal or degenerating nerve protein stimulated [¹⁴C]leucine incorporation into muscle cell protein and enhanced the morphologic maturation of muscle cells in culture. Furthermore, matured, cross-striated myotubes survived longer in the presence of normal or degenerating nerve protein than in control cultures. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on thin-layer gels revealed similar electrophoretic patterns for normal and degenerating nerve proteins. Electrophoretic gels also revealed the presence in these extracts of a protein with MW_R 84,000 which migrated in a manner identical to a neurotrophic protein which was recently purified from chicken sciatic nerves. The present results indicate that neural proteins having trophic influences upon muscle in vitro persist in degenerating sciatic nerve. We therefore conclude that the in vivo changes in muscle after denervation are not due to the depletion of trophic substances following nerve transection.