Outcome of children with respiratory symptoms without objective evidence of asthma: a two-year, prospective, follow-up study

This study evaluated the outcome of 33 children with asthma-like symptoms without objective evidence of asthma, and the role of certain factors in predicting the development of clinical asthma in these children. Data on symptom histories, lung functions (flow-volume spirometry, free running test and methacholine inhalation challenge test) and atopic sensitization (skin prick tests and markers of eosinophilic inflammation) were collected twice with an interval of 2 y, and the diagnoses were re-evaluated after the follow-up period. Based on the results, it was concluded that one-third of the children with prolonged or recurrent lower airway symptoms, such as cough or wheeze, either have mild asthma or will develop asthma in the near future. Children who had a significant response [≥ 10% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)] in the free running test formed a risk group for active asthma, whereas other baseline characteristics seemed not to predict the outcome.     

去氢骆驼蓬碱注射用乳剂的凝聚动力学研究

采用电导法对去氢骆驼蓬注射用乳剂的凝聚动力学进行了研究，求出凝聚速度方程和25℃时半凝聚期，从而定量地预测了这一分散体系的物理稳定性。     

Prosopo-Thoracopagus Conjoined Twins and Other Cephalopagus-Thoracopagus Intermediates: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Prosopo-thoracopagus twins are united from the face down to the umbilicus, none with union in the brain but all with visceral anomalies intermediate between those of cephalopagus and thoracopagus. In a review of over 1200 cases of conjoined twins reported during the past 100 years, there were 14 that illustrate the continuum between cephalopagus and thoracopagus, including three that were united only from the cervical region to the umbilicus. Classic cephalopagus twins are joined from the top of the head to the umbilicus, sharing a single foregut as well as two relatively normal hearts, the “posterior” one often diminished. Typical thoracopagus, however, are conjoined only from the upper thorax to the umbilicus, each twin with a normal foregut but both sharing a single complex multiventricular heart. The intermediate cases shared either a single very abnormal heart or two hearts united by double aortic arches, and all except one had a single foregut. It is these cases intermediate between cephalopagus and thoracopagus which are the subject of this report. Received September 11, 1996; accepted December 16, 1996     

Hyperbaric oxygenation induced tolerance against focal cerebral ischemia in mice is strain dependent

SV129 or C57BL/6 mice were exposed to hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO, 5 days, 1 h every day, 100% O(2) at 3 atm absolute). One day after the 5th HBO session focal cerebral ischemia was induced. In SV129 mice, HBO induced tolerance against permanent focal cerebral ischemia (n=42, mean infarct volume reduction 27%, P=0.001), but not against transient (30 or 60 min) focal cerebral ischemia. In the C57BL/6 strain of mice, HBO did not induce tolerance against focal cerebral ischemia, even when the duration of ischemia or the HBO protocol were modified. For the first time we demonstrate that HBO can induce tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia, but this effect is strain dependent.     

铅对小鼠海马[Ca2+]的影响及L型钙通道的作用

目的　探讨铅对分离的小鼠海马细胞内游离钙的影响及其及L型钙通道的作用。方法　采用低浓度胰蛋白酶消化法分离小鼠海马细胞 ,并以莹光指标剂 (Fura 2 )作Ca2 荧光探针 ,用双波长荧光法测定海马细胞 [Ca2 ] i。结果　铅可致分离的小鼠海马细胞 [Ca2 ] i 升高 [由静息时的 (2 0 3 4± 10 86)nmol L升至 (4 2 3 3± 19 2 6)nmol L] ,而不论胞外是否有钙 ;铅可抑制钾诱发海马细胞 [Ca2 ] i 升高 ,尼莫地平可加强这种抑制作用 ,而BayK864 4则可部分消除这种抑制作用。结论　铅可致分离的小鼠海马细胞 [Ca2 ] i 升高作用与胞内钙库释放有关 ;铅的抑制钾诱发海马细胞 [Ca2 ] i 升高作用与其抑制L型钙通道有关。     

益肾补气活血法对脑缺血及再灌注大鼠脑水肿、自由基的影响

[目的]从缺血再灌注损伤的主要病理过程出发,研究了益肾补气活血法对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。[方法]用日龄62d的Wistar大鼠采用Warner方法做成脑缺血再灌注模型,平行观察假手术、盐水对照、益肾补气活血法对照3个组脑组织自由基和脑含水量的变化。[结果]益肾补气活血法中药组脑组织自由基和脑含水量明显低于盐水组。[结论]益肾补气活血法在一定程度上可以抑制自由基的产生及连锁反应的发生,促进神经细胞结构及功能的恢复,延缓神经细胞的坏死,具有治疗的多向性及疗效的准确性。     

醒脑静注射液对脑缺血再灌注氧化损伤的实验研究

[目的]研究中药醒脑静注射液对沙土鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用。[方法]采用沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉夹闭制作沙土鼠急性全脑缺血模型,观察干预性腹腔注射西药尼莫地平和中药醒脑静注射液对缺血再灌注急性期沙土鼠脑组织中MDA含量和SOD活力的影响。[结果]西药尼莫地平和醒脑静注射液均能显著提高脑缺血再灌注后SOD活力和降低MDA含量,醒脑静注射液疗效和西药尼莫地平无显著差异,而醒脑静大中小剂量组之间有较显著的差异,疗效随剂量的增加而增大。[结论]醒脑静注射液作为抗自由基损伤的中药和西药尼莫地平有相当的疗效。     

复方沙棘颗粒对大鼠皮层神经细胞缺血性损伤的保护作用

目的 :研究复方沙棘颗粒对体外培养的大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞谷氨酸 (Glu)损伤的保护作用及机理。方法 :分离培养新生 (1d)大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞 ,加入Glu模拟兴奋性损伤 ,MTT法测定细胞存活率 ,比色法测定上清中乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)含量 ,细胞中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽 (GSH Px)活性、丙二醛 (MDA)含量。结果 :细胞经Glu损伤后 ,上清LDH含量、细胞中MDA含量显著增加 ,SOD和GSH Px活力明显下降。复方沙棘处理组可有效防止上述改变。结论 :复方沙棘颗粒可有效保护由Glu引起的大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞的损伤。其机理可能与抗脂质过氧化、清除自由基有关