微量尿和血清样品中氟的测定方法研究

本研究利用改进的氟测定方法，测定尿和血清样品中氟离子的含量。结果表明，该方法样品用且少，线性响应范围、精密度、回收率和重现性等指标均符合方法学的要求，与常规法比较，显示测定结果间无显著性差异。可广泛使用于要求高、样品量少的生物材料氟检测。     

Unilateral Meesmann‘s dystrophy

We report the first case of a unilateral microcysticMeesmann‘s epithelial dystrophy, observed in the left cornea of a 43-year-old patient. The diagnosis was verified histologically by the unilateral occurrence of a ’peculiar substance‘ within epithelial cysts and within the cytoplasm of the corneal epithelial cells. In an attempt to resolve thepatient‘s frequent corneal erosions, we performed an autologous stem cell transplantation from the non-involved right eye. The results are, so far, satisfactory. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Chemotherapy in intracerebrally transplanted tumors induced with transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea in rats

Summary Four tumors of the spinal cord were induced with ethylnitrosourea in rats by transplacental administration and transplanted into the brains of animals of the same strain. One of these intracerebrally grafted tumor lines (G-XIII) was followed up over the first 10 passages and treated with CCNU and other alkylating drugs. The results were compared with findings in an earlier established line (G-XII) in passage 12 and 59, which in the first instance was sensitive to CCNU. The CCNU application prolonged survival in treated animals in various treatment schedules in the first 10 intracerebrally grafted generations of the tumor up to 59%. Induction times of tumors became increasingly shorter. The susceptibility of early passages was similar in both lines. Its loss in late passages went together with diffuse growth of the tumor and reticulin fiber production. In addition, glial fibrillary acid protein expression and formation of intermediate filaments in perivascular tumor cells was lost.     

Recurrence of nephrocalcinosis after renal transplantation in an adult patient with primary hyperoxaluria type I

The medical history of a 42-year-old patient with primary hyperoxaluria type I is presented. Primary hyperoxaluria was suspected after renal transplantation, when oxalate deposits were found in a biopsy of the kidney graft. Diagnosis of type I hyperoxaluria was confirmed by the finding that significantly increased amounts of glycolic acid and oxalic acid were excreted. Treatment of the patient with 500 mg pyridoxine daily resulted in a decrease of the excretion of oxalate to normal values.     

Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure profiles in pediatric patients after renal transplantation

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was applied in 27 pediatric patients aged 6.3 – 24.3 (median 15.0) years who had been transplanted 1.5 – 8.4 years previously. Daytime values were compared with the mean of 10 concomitant casual blood pressure recordings. At the time of the study, antihypertensive drugs were given to 17 patients. Inulin clearance ranged from 18 to 116 (median 66) ml/min per 1.73 m². Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring confirmed hypertension or normotension determined by casual blood pressure measurements in 63% of patients. The physiological nocturnal dip in blood pressure was attenuated or reversed in 8 of 27 patients. It was reduced in all 3 patients with renal artery stenosis of the graft, in 3 of 4 patients with chronic rejection, in the only patient with recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and in 1 of 6 patients with past acute rejection. The dipping was not related to inulin clearance. In conclusion, casual blood pressure measurements do not accurately reflect blood pressure in pediatric patients transplanted more than 1.5 years previously. A reduced nocturnal dip in blood pressure may indicate an underlying renovascular or renoparenchymal pathology. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring should regularly be applied in patients with renal transplants. Received May 23, 1995; received in revised form June 18, 1996; accepted June 20, 1996     

Angiogenesis and the blood-brain barrier in intracerebral solid and cell suspension grafts

Solid and suspension grafts of fetal central nervous system (CNS) tissue rapidly reform an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), whereas solid grafts of peripheral nervous system (PNS) tissue fail to establish a BBB as detected by horseradish peroxide (HRP) leakage, administrated intravenously. We examined the acute changes in the BBB after grafting of fetal CNS tissue in solid and suspension form and superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and PNS tissue in the same manner. Adult rats (n = 20) received fetal (day 14–15) forebrain grafts (either solid or cell suspension) to their rostral corpus callosum bilaterally. A second group (n = 20) received SCG solid and cell suspension grafts at the same coordinates with the same technique. The animals were killed on first, third, seventh, and tenth days after grafting. Intravenous HRP (Sigma, type VI, 75 mg/5-g rat) was given 1 hour before perfusion with mixed aldehydes. Fifty-micron coronal sections were examined for the presence and location of the graft by cresyl violet and AChE staining and Mesulam's TMB method to detect HRP leakage. HRP leakage was detected in the parenchyma in all groups on the first and the third days post-transplantation indicating a disrupted BBB. No HRP reaction was seen at days 7 and 10 in groups receiving fetal forebrain tissue whether solid or cell suspension. Solid grafts of SCG consistently demonstrated HRP leakage from the first through the tenth day. However, cell suspension of SCG established a BBB by 7 days. These results suggest that within the solid grafts of CNS and PNS tissue, the permeability of the vessels is dictated by the transplanted tissue itself. When cell suspensions of the same tissue are introduced, host CNS tissue dominates as the local environment resulting in non-leaky vasculature within the graft.     

Small Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate: A Case Report

A case of small cell carcinoma of the prostate without a primary lesion in the lung was reported. The cancer was diagnosed after the patient complained of lumbago caused by bone metastasis. The tumor was 5.9 times 5.0 times 4.6cm. The patient was treated with 4 courses of chemotherapy using cisplatin and etoposide. The tumor diminished to 4.0 times 4.0 times 3.5 cm after completion of the 4 courses of treatment. Prostatic antigen levels were less than 1.0ng/mL during the therapy. Neuron-specific enolase levels were 35.9ng/mL at the beginning of therapy, and decreased to 7.4 ng/mL after completion of 4 courses of treatment. The patient died 3 months after the completion of treatment. This regimen had some value for inhibiting the growth of small cell carcinoma.     

Splenic nonenhancement at computed tomography: A sign of the hypoperfusion complex

When splenic nonenhancement is seen at computed tomography, one should look for signs of vascular pedicle injury; if injury to the vascular pedicle is not present, nonenhancement of the spleen could be secondary to severe vasoconstriction and may be considered an additional sign of the hypoperfusion complex. The presence of splenic nonenhancement may also help differentiate the hypoperfusion complex from other types of bowel injury.     

Assessment of erythropoiesis following renal transplantation

Abstract: Ten patients, who received cadaveric kidneys, were followed for 24 wk with serial measurements of serum erythropoietin (S-Epo), transferrin receptor (S-TfR) and iron variables. The mean pretransplant creatinine clearance was 8.2 (range 0–22) ml/min and the mean haemoglobin (Hb) level was 99±18.6 (range 66–124) g/l. Nine patients demonstrated a gradual increase in S-Epo levels, which reached a peak, and was accompanied by a parallel increase in S-TfR levels with a median lag period of 3 wk between both peaks. Hb correction followed the S-TfR peak after a second lag period (median 7 wk). Elevated S-Epo and S-TfR did not result in correction of anaemia in 1 patient due to impaired graft function. Within 4 months, S-Epo levels reached the normal range while TfR levels were higher than normal. Follow-up of iron status demonstrated the development of iron deficiency in 5 patients, which was corrected spontaneously. Improvement in erythropoiesis after renal transplantation seems to occur by means of expansion of the erythroid marrow, as detected by increasing S-TfR levels, subsequent to a S-Epo peak. This expansion precedes Hb normalization. A nonuraemic environment is probably a prerequisite for the correction of anaemia but not for the increase in S-Epo or S-TfR levels. Iron deficiency may occur after transplantation due to an increase in iron utilization.     

Adjuvant treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid reduces acute rejection after liver transplantation

Acute rejection, occurring with a reported frequency of 50–70%, is still a dominating problem after liver transplantation. Medication with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has beneficial effects in different cholestatic conditions and has also been shown to reduce HLA class I antigen expression on hepatocytes in patients with PBC. Since August 1989 we have consecutively treated all patients with primary graft function with UDCA (n = 41). Patients transplanted in the first half of 1989 served as a control group (n = 8). All patients in this study were given sequential quadruple drug immunosuppression. The treatment group were given oral UDCA 10 mg/kg per day. During the first postoperative month, 17% of the UDCA-treated patients had an episode of acute rejection compared with 75% of the control patients (P < 0.01). Liver biochemistry tests 1 month postoperatively were significantly better in patients treated with UDCA. The results suggest that adjuvant treatment with UDCA reduces acute liver graft rejection.