EEG Changes with Aging in Adults with Down Syndrome

Abstract: The EEGs of 40 subjects with Down syndrome (DS) aged 15 to 54 were investigated and compared with those of 42 mentally retarded subjects without DS (MR) and 47 healthy volunteers. The frequencies of the occipital alpha rhythms decreased with age in the DS subjects, and were significantly slower than the MR subjects over 35 years old. The slowing of alpha rhythm in the older DS subjects accompanied an increase of slow activity of 6–8 Hz, but did not relate to the deterioration of activities of daily life (ADL) as estimated by the GBS score. Twenty-one subjects with DS were examined by a CT scan as well, and showed no age-related morphometric changes.     

Characterization oflinne,a new autosomal eclosion rhythm mutant inDrosophila subobscura

A new putative gene, namedlinne, affecting circadian eclosion rhythm was found in a Norwegian strain ofDrosophila subobscura. The phenotype oflinne may be novel amongDrosophila clock mutants. Eclosion is practically arrhythmic in light-dark cycles, but diel temperature cycles of 4°C amplitude effectively entrain eclosion in continuous light and in continuous darkness. After that, the rhythm continues in constant temperature and darkness, but unlike other strains, it continues in constant temperature and light as well. Thus in thelinne strain the coupling between light signals and pacemaker is disrupted, not the pacemaker itself. Genetic effects oflinne were tested in crosses with a wild strain. Arrhythmicity was recessive and autosomal and showed monogenic inheritance, suggesting that arrhythmicity inlinne is based on mutation on a single locus.     

Behavioral Disorders Complicating Developmental Anomalies of the Brain: Sleep Behavioral Disorders*

Abstract Polysomnography in 3 1 patients with cerebral malformations was performed. In 9 cases, the hormone secretion rhythms during sleep (GH, PRL, LH, FSH and ACTH and/or cortisol) were examined. EEG showed abnormalities in 27 of the 31 pathologic patients. A defect and poor presentation of the sleep spindle was observed in 20 cases. Patients with cerebral malformations appeared to be poor sleepers. The amount and number of wakefulness increased. A decrease in REM sleep period was observed in 19 of the 36 records. 17 of the 31 pathologic patients showed abnormal proportions of time spent in the different stages of sleep with respect to the total sleeping time. 15 of the 31 pathologic patients showed more than one discrepant cycling of sleep parameters. Abnormal hormone secretion was observed in all 9 patients who were examined. The above results show that patients with cerebral malformations have various abnormalities of sleep behaviors, and that polysomnography is useful for studying sleep behavior in patinets with cerebral malformations.     

模拟失重对人尿皮质醇,17—OHCS及钙离子昼夜节律的影响

本实验是观察模拟失重下(头低位-6°卧床)时人尿皮质醇、17-OHCS 及钙离子昼夜节律的变化。采用余弦法(COSinor)分析,我们首次观察到模拟失重能引起人体内分泌昼夜节律去同步化。表现为三相指标相位后移,振幅及中值升高。17—OHCS 的相位在整个模拟失重期后移。皮质醇、17—OHCS 与钙变化存在相关性,提示糖皮质激素可能在短期失重引起的脱钙中起一定作用。     

针刺对正常及佐剂性关节炎家兔血浆5—羟色胺昼夜节律的影响

本文观察了正常和佐剂关节炎家兔血浆５－ＨＴ昼夜节律变化以针刺对其影响。结果表明，正常家兔血浆５－ＨＴ存在着典型昼夜节律变化，且针刺对其影响不大；模型家兔血浆５－ＨＴ浓度升高，存在着峰相位，振幅都不同的病理性节律，针刺能使它向正常节律转化。     

电刺激兔蓝斑核对呼吸节律的影响

目的观察电刺激蓝斑核（ＬＣ）对呼吸节律的影响。方法实验用家兔２０只，分用长、短串电脉冲刺激ＬＣ，记录膈肌肌电。结果长串电脉冲刺激ＬＣ对吸气活动有显著的易化效应，可引起持续性长吸气。短串电脉冲刺激ＬＣ，刺激落位于吸气相中可使吸气时程延长，落位于呼气相可诱发吸气提前出现。结论电刺激ＬＣ对呼吸节律有明显的易化作用。     

原发性轻中度高血压与肾性高血压的动态血压特点及意义

为探讨原发性轻中度高血压患者与肾性高血压患者在动态血压中的昼夜节律变化规律，本研究对住院病人中原发性轻中度高血压患者和肾性高血压患者各25例进行24h动态血压监测。结果显示，原发性轻中度高血压患者收缩压与舒张压夜间下降值分别为2.18±1．39kPa及1．67±1．11kPa，血压下降百分率分别为11．42±7．59％及13．48±9．13％；肾性高血压者血压下降值分别为0．58±1．45kPa及0．46±1．06kPa，血压下降百分率分别为2．60±7．02％及3．66±8．21％。两者相比，差异均有显著性（P＜0．001）。提示原发性轻中度高血压者昼夜节律存在，而肾性高血压者大多昼夜节律减弱或消失，该特点可能有助于鉴别原发性轻中度高血压与肾性高血压。     

松果腺对血清皮质酮的影响及其作用部位分析

松果腺对血清皮质酮有抑制作用，对其昼夜节律的中值及峰值位相亦产生影响．松果腺抑制肾上腺增重，切除松果腺使血浆ＡＣＴＨ升高，注射地塞米松或戊巴比妥钠均阻断了松果腺激素褪黑素的降皮质酮作用。提示：松果腺对血清皮质酮的抑制作用是通过其激素——褪黑素实现的，而褪黑素则主要是通过下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺皮质轴起的作用．