Application of Thoracoscopic Hybrid Surgery in the Treatment of Stage III Tuberculous Empyema

Background: To investigate the efficacy and value of thoracoscopic hybrid surgery in the treatment of stage III chronic tuberculous empyema (CTE).Methods: 48 patients diagnosed as CTE with pleural thickening and encysted abscess cavity from were treated by hybrid operation (HO). Small incision operation was first used for resection of thickening pleural fibreboard and decortication of parietal pleura. Then, thoracoscopy was guided into chest to decorticate the visceral pleurali. Additional 25 patients with open operation of pleurectomy were set as control.Results: The average operation time of HO group was 70 ± 22 min compared to 130 ± 32 min of control. The amount of bleeding, hospitalization time and chest tube drainage of HO group (200 ± 55 ml, 18 ± 1.2 days, 3.5 ± 1.5 days) were significantly decreased compared to control (400 ± 45 ml, 28 ± 4.5 days, 6.5 ± 2.5 days). Post operation complications occurred in 5 (10.42%) and 3 (12%) cases for HO group and control, respectively.Conclusions: In stage III CTE, the small incision assisted thoracoscopic hybrid surgery help to remove thickening parietal pleura, promote the application of thoracoscopy, which has obvious advantages compared to traditional surgery.     

评价可弯曲内科胸腔镜对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的评价可弯曲内科胸腔镜对不明原因胸腔积液病因诊断的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析本院呼吸内科2010年1月- 2014年9月行可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查的不明原因胸腔积液患者40例的临床诊断资料.结果 40例中37例完成可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查,其中镜检病理诊断胸膜转移性肿瘤15例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤7例,结核性胸膜炎4例,类风湿关节炎合并胸腔积液1例,非特异性炎症5例,病理诊断不明5例.可弯曲内科胸腔镜病理诊断阳性率为86.5%.所有患者均无严重并发症发生.结论 可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查是一种安全有效地诊断不明原因胸腔积液的方法.     

Thoracoscopic esophagectomy with extended lymph node dissection in the left lateral position: technical feasibility and oncologic outcomes

The aim of this study was to estimate the technical and oncologic feasibility of video‐assisted thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy (VATS) in the left lateral position. From January 2003 to December 2011, 132 patients with esophageal cancer underwent VATS. The mean duration of the thoracic procedure and the entire procedure was 294 ± 88 and 623 ± 123 minutes, respectively. Mean blood loss during the thoracic procedure and the entire procedure was 313 ± 577 and 657 ± 719 g, respectively. The mean number of dissected thoracic lymph nodes was 32.6 ± 12.9. There were four in‐hospital deaths (3.0%); two patients (1.5%) died of acute respiratory distress syndrome and two patients (1.5%) died of tumor progression. Postoperative unilateral or bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy, or pneumonia was found in 33 (25.0%), 21 (15.9%), and 27(20.5%) patients, respectively. The patients were divided into the first 66 patients who underwent VATS (Group 1) and the subsequent 66 patients (Group 2). The numbers of cases who underwent neoadjuvant or induction chemotherapy for T4 tumor and intrathoracic anastomosis were higher in Group 2 than in Group 1. The duration of the procedure, amount of blood loss, and the number of dissected thoracic lymph nodes were not different between the two groups. The total number of dissected lymph nodes was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (72.6 ± 27.8 vs. 62.6 ± 21.6, P = 0.023). The rate of bilateral RLN palsy was less in Group 2 than in Group 1 (7.6% vs. 24.2%, P = 0.042). The mean follow‐up period was 38.7 months. Primary recurrence consisted of hematogenous, lymphatic, peritoneal dissemination, pleural dissemination, and locoregional in 15 (11.3%), 20 (15.1%), 3 (2.3%), 4 (3.0%), and 5 patients (3.8%), respectively. The rate of regional lymph node recurrence within the dissection field was only 4.5%. The prognosis of patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly poorer than that of patients without lymph node metastasis. However, the prognosis of the 11 cases that had metastasis only around RLNs was similar to that of node‐negative cases. Thirteen patients with pathological remnant tumor (R1 or R2) did not survive longer than 5 years at present. The overall 5‐year survival rate of stage I, II, and III disease after curative VATS was 82.2%, 77.0%, and 52.3%, respectively. Expansion of VATS criteria for patients after induction chemotherapy for T4 tumor or thoracoscopic anastomosis did not adversely affect the surgical results by experience. Although the VATS procedure is accompanied by a certain degree of morbidity including RLN palsy and pulmonary complications, VATS has an excellent locoregional control effect. In addition, the favorable survival after VATS shows that the procedure is oncologically feasible.     

两孔胸腔镜下肺段切除和肺叶切除治疗早期非小细胞肺癌疗效比较

目的比较两孔胸腔镜下肺段切除术和肺叶切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)的近期疗效和并发症差异。方法选取2017年8月至2018年10月收治的NSCLC患者110例,根据手术方法不同分为两组,胸腔镜下肺段切除组60例,肺叶切除组50例,均为单纯手术治疗患者。对两组患者术后并发症及近期预后情况进行分析。结果肺段切除组手术时间、术中出血量少于肺叶切除组（P<0.05）;肺段切除组虽然术后住院时间短于肺叶切除组,但是差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;肺段切除组术后肺漏气的发生率高于肺叶切除组（P＜0.05）。肺段切除组术后肺不张、心律失常、发热的发生率虽然低于肺叶切除组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,两组术后乳糜胸、脓胸、支气管胸膜瘘及肺栓塞等严重并发症相比较无差异。术前两组患者的肺功能指标FEV1、MVV无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;术后肺段切除组肺功能指标均优于肺叶切除组,且组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组发生并发症者经对症支持治疗后均获痊愈。结论虽然肺段切除组的术后肺漏气机会更高,但是其术中出血较少、手术时间较短,患者肺功能的保留较优,对患者术后长期日常生活影响较小。肺段切除术在早期NSCLC患者的治疗中值得推广应用。     

胸腔镜与经皮胸膜活检在胸腔积液诊断中的临床价值

目的比较内科胸腔镜和经皮胸膜活检在胸腔积液诊断中的价值。方法分析我院同期开展内科胸腔镜(胸腔镜组)和经皮胸膜活检(闭式活检组)的胸腔积液患者,比较两组的病理诊断阳性率及安全性。结果胸腔镜组病理诊断阳性率显著高于闭式活检组,胸腔镜组恶性肿瘤诊断率显著高于闭式活检组,胸腔镜组胸膜结核的诊断率与闭式活检组无显著性差异;两组并发症比较无显著性差异。结论经皮胸膜活检和内科胸腔镜对于胸腔积液诊断均是安全、有效的方法。     

内科胸腔镜在108例病因不明的胸腔积液患者中的应用

目的 探讨内科胸腔镜对不明病因胸腔积液的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析我院呼吸内科2011-2013年2年内对108例病因不明的胸腔积液患者进行内科胸腔镜检查并行胸膜活检的过程、结果及安全性.结果 108例胸腔积液患者中的106例获得活检病理组织及病理诊断.其中结核性胸膜炎52例,恶性肿瘤45例,肺炎并胸膜炎3例,非特异性炎症6例,黏连严重未能活检2例.其诊断阳性率为92.6％.2例患者手术后并发气胸,其余患者手术中及术后无严重并发症.结论 内科胸腔镜用于胸腔积液的病因诊断安全有效,诊断率高,具有较高的临床价值.     

VATS胸腺扩大切除术治疗重症肌无力临床分析

目的评价电视胸腔镜(video-assistant thorascope,VATS)下胸腺扩大切除术治疗重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)的手术方法和效果。方法回顾性分析36例MG患者的临床资料,其中合并胸腺增生26例,胸腺瘤10例,均行VATS胸腺瘤、胸腺扩大切除术。根据临床Osserman分型:Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱa型22例,Ⅱb型8例,Ⅲ型3例。结果本组手术全部经胸腔镜完成,无中转开胸者。全组手术时间平均80(50~120)min,术中出血量平均80(10~150)ml,留置胸腔引流管1~3 d,引流量平均150(100~500)ml,6例未留置胸管者术后3 d经CT扫描估计胸液量均<200 ml。住院时间3~6 d,术后未出现进行性血胸,无肺及膈神经损伤,无肌无力危象、胆碱能危象发生,无围手术期死亡病例。术后病理:胸腺增生26例,A型胸腺瘤6例,B1型2例,B3型2例(WHO分型)。所有患者随访3~12个月,完全缓解6例(Ⅰ型2例、Ⅱa型4例),占16.7%;部分缓解28例(Ⅰ型1例、Ⅱa型18例、Ⅱb型7例、Ⅲ型2例),占77.8%;稳定2例(Ⅱb型1例、Ⅲ型1例),占5.6%。结论 MG患者行VATS胸腺瘤、胸腺扩大切除术安全、可行,效果理想。