余尚贞以六戊年麦门冬汤治疗高血压经验浅析

高血压病为临床最常见的慢性病,余尚贞根据多年临床经验辨证,结合开、阖、枢理论,以太阴阳明升降不和为病机,从太阴阳明入手论治高血压病,结合五运六气选方六戊年麦门冬汤,临床治疗多例,疗效甚佳。开、阖、枢理论源于内经,是对人体三阴三阳经生理功能、病理特点及其相互关系的概括,我们可从中窥得开、阖、枢理论之部分面貌,比如对太阴、阳明经的了解,并拓展中医在治疗高血压病方面的治疗思路。     

针药并用治疗双心疾病的应用

随着对于双心疾病研究的加深,西医疗法的弊端也开始显现。而中医因其理论架构中早就有对于“心主血脉”和“心主神明”的认识,因此在双心疾病的治疗上有着先天的优势。同时近些年中医疗法的结合应用也取得不错的成绩,本文通过对于双心疾病的病例分析,来研讨这种治疗手段的合理性和先进性。     

关节镜联合关节牵张成形术治疗踝关节创伤性关节炎

目的对比分析单纯关节镜手术与关节镜手术联合Ilizarov外固定架关节牵张术治疗踝关节创伤性关节炎的临床疗效。 方法纳入2016年10月至2018年4月聊城市中医医院收治的早中期踝关节创伤性关节炎患者30例，排除非创伤性关节炎和终末期踝关节炎。其中接受单纯踝关节镜手术者纳入对照组(n＝15)，接受关节镜手术联合Ilizarov外固定架关节牵张成形术者纳入研究组(n＝15)，术后随访6个月，对比分析两组患者的治疗效果：疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、踝关节功能评分(Kofoed评分)以及生活质量的变化。计数资料比较采用卡方或Fisher精确检验，计量资料比较采用独立样本t检验。 结果研究组治疗有效率大于对照组(χ²＝7.214，P<0.05)，术后疼痛视觉模拟评分明显低于对照组(t ＝10.342，P<0.05)，Kofoed评分高于对照组(t ＝10.452，P<0.05)；研究组生活质量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论关节镜手术联合关节牵张成形术对早中期踝关节创伤性关节炎较单纯关节镜手术短期效果更好，可成为临床治疗中的一种选择，但远期效果尚需进一步研究。     

我院药物代谢酶和药物作用靶点基因检测与精准药学服务实践与总结

目的回顾我院药物代谢酶和药物作用靶点相关基因检测与精准药学服务实践过程,总结经验,与同行分享。方法从准备工作、相关检测项目的确定,学术推广、项目优化和开展情况等方面详细阐述我院基因检测开展过程与精准药学服务情况。结果根据临床需求,我院已开展了以心脑血管药和抗精神病药为主的27种药物,26项检测,2018年全年位1587名患者提供个体化用药建议,受到临床医生和患者欢迎。结论基于代谢酶和药物作用靶点相关基因检测的个体化用药建议是临床药师参与精准治疗的重要途径,有助于医生和药师之间的沟通,有利于提高药学服务水平。     

真武汤合苓桂术甘汤改善心肾综合征大鼠模型水钠潴留的作用机制研究

[目的]研究真武汤合苓桂术甘汤对心肾综合征大鼠模型水钠潴留的作用机制。[方法]将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为两组,即空白组与手术组,空白组大鼠常规饲养,手术组大鼠经5/6肾切除联合异丙肾上腺素皮下注射制备心肾综合征模型,剔除死亡大鼠后,将手术组剩余成模大鼠按体质量分层随机分为空白组、中药组、常规治疗组。中药组给予真武汤合苓桂术甘汤灌胃,给药量为7.29 g生药/(kg·d);常规治疗组给予贝那普利(0.45 mg/kg)+呋塞米(1.8m g/kg);空白组予以等容积生理盐水灌胃,每日1次,连续6周。观察实验过程中各组大鼠的精神状态、活动情况、灵敏度、毛发情况、食欲、大小便等一般情况及死亡情况,比较各组灌胃前、灌胃6周后的血清脑钠肽(BNP)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿水通道蛋白2(AQP2)的前后差值情况。[结果]灌胃6周后,中药组大鼠一般情况较灌胃前改善、喘息不明显,常规治疗组一般情况同样较灌胃前改善。通过比较治疗前后各组大鼠实验室指标差值发现,中药组与常规治疗组BNP均下降,中药改善大鼠心力衰竭情况接近常规治疗组水平,两组下降水平无统计学差异(P0.05);中药组Scr水平较前下降,常规治疗组Scr水平升高;中药组尿AQP2水平较前略增高,与空白组尿AQP2水平无统计学差异(P0.05),常规治疗组尿AQP2水平较前明显升高。[结论]心肾综合征大鼠尿AQP2的表达主要由肾脏调控,AQP2可作为心肾综合征水钠潴留状态的参考指标,真武汤合苓桂术甘汤改善心肾综合征大鼠水钠潴留状态的作用机制可能是通过抑制大鼠肾脏AQP2过度表达,减少水的重吸收,改善了水钠潴留状态。     

Adverse events due to unnecessary radiation exposure in medical imaging reported in Finland

IntroductionAdverse events in radiology are quite rare, but they do occur. Radiation safety regulations and the law obligate organizations to report certain adverse events, harm and near misses, especially events related to patients' health and safety. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse incidents related to radiation safety issues reported in Finland.MethodsThe data were collected from incident reports documented by radiology personnel concerning notifications of abnormal events in medical imaging made to the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority between 2010 and 2017. During these eight years, 312 reports were submitted. Only events reported from radiology departments were included; nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and animal radiology cases were excluded. The final number of reports was 293 (94%).ResultsThe majority of the 293 approved reports were related to computed tomography (CT, 68.3%) and to X-ray examinations (27.6%). Altogether 82.9% of those irradiated were adults, most of whom were exposed to unnecessary radiation through CT (86.5%), 5.5% were children, and 4.4% pregnant women. The most common effective dose of unnecessary radiation was 1 mSv or less (89.7% of all examinations). The highest effective doses were reported in CT (from under 1 mSv–20 mSv and above). The reasons for the adverse events were incorrect identification (32%), incorrect procedure, site or side (30%); and human errors or errors of knowledge (20%).ConclusionAdverse events occurred especially in CT examinations. It is important to collect and analyse incident data, assess the harmful events, learn from them and aim to reduce adverse events.Implications for practiceThis study emphasizes the need for radiological personnel to obtain evidence-based information on adverse events and focus on training to improve patient safety.     

Trends in revisional bariatric surgery using the MBSAQIP database 2015-2017

BackgroundThe third most common bariatric surgery is revisional bariatric surgery. The American College of Surgeons tracks outcomes using the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation Quality Initiative Program database. We used this database to examine trends in revisional bariatric surgery.ObjectiveTo evaluate how trends in bariatric revisional surgery have changed in recent years.SettingUniversity Hospital, United States.MethodsThe Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation Quality Initiative Program database for 2015 to 2017 was examined for revisions of bariatric surgery. Patients who underwent revisional bariatric surgery were identified by the primary Current Procedural Terminology code, the REVCONV and PREVIOUS_SURGERY field as well as secondary Current Procedural Terminology codes. There is no exact code for sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), so we used 43644 (GB)+REVCONV+PREVIOUS_SURGERY for this.ResultsFor the years 2015 to 2017 there were 57,683 revisions/conversions of 528,081 patients. The number of revisions increased over the study period by 5213 cases. The most common revision was laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) to SG with 15,433 cases and the second was LAGB to LRYGB with 10,485 cases. There were 14,715 LAGB removals. It is more difficult to track SG to LRYGB but there were 8491 unlisted cases, which may have been sleeve to bypass.ConclusionLAGBs are being taken out or converted, and this group makes up the largest portion of revisions and conversions. It is difficult to track SG to LRYGB, but the number of unlisted cases continues to climb. This will likely surpass LAGB conversions with time. The Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation Quality Initiative Program should be modified to capture revisions/conversions of SG.