Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Bipolar Mania: Neurobiology of Symptoms and Treatments

Advanced practice clinicians, including psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners, primary care nurse practitioners, and family nurse practitioners, may face the challenge of screening for and determining clinical and diagnostic distinctions between childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar mania in children. The symptoms manifested in each disorder overlap considerably. The purposes of this article are to review the neurobiological literature related to these disorders and to explore the theoretical neuroanatomic and neurobiological basis for symptoms implicated in the screening, assessment, and treatment of each disorder.     

Gene–environment interaction in skeletal maturity and body dimensions of urban Oaxaca Mestizo schoolchildren

Objective: The study analyzed the relationship between skeletal age (SA) and the difference between skeletal and chronological ages (SA–CA) and body size among growth-stunted and well-nourished children.

Methods and materials: Tanner–Whitehouse 2 (TW2) 20 bone, radius–ulna–short (RUS) bone, and carpal SAs were analyzed in three cross-sectional samples of school children aged 6–13 years: Mestizo children (n?=?396) from the city of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, and American Black (n?=?570) and White (n?=?432) from Philadelphia. The Oaxaca children were mild-to-moderately undernourished while the Philadelphia children were well nourished. The total sample included 1398 radiographs assessed with the Tanner–Whitehouse protocol by a single, experienced rater. Maturity scores were converted to TW2 20 bone, RUS and carpal SAs.

Results: Correlations of SA and SA–CA differences with body dimensions (height, sitting height, leg length, weight, triceps skinfold, arm and estimated midarm muscle circumferences) were consistent and approximately equal in magnitude for the well-nourished samples but were different among Oaxaca children. SAs of Philadelphia children were significantly more highly correlated with body dimensions than were SA–CA differences compared to Oaxaca Mestizo children. Patterns of RUS and carpal SA correlations with body size (height, sitting height, and leg length) in Oaxaca children were different from the Philadelphia samples. Oaxaca children tended to have advanced RUS SA and delayed carpal SA.

Conclusion: Long bone complexes mature earlier than round bone complexes in Oaxaca children compared to Philadelphia Black and White children, resulting in short stature in Oaxaca children. Results suggest a gene–environment interaction effect on the program for skeletal growth and maturation in undernourished Oaxaca children compared to well-nourished Black and White children from Philadelphia.     

Randomization Test of Paired Data: Application to Evoked Responses

This paper describes a randomization test for similarities in observation vectors between pairs of subjects. Visual evoked response data for pairs of relatives were used in an example of the test. The randomization test does not require any distributional assumptions and can be applied to both univariate and multivariate cases. The basic procedure has three steps. First, some measure of similarity between subject pairs is defined. Second, the distribution of average similarity under random pairings is found. Third, if the average similarity for observed pairs is in the tail of the distribution generated by the assumption of random pairings, the hypothesis of no greater than chance similarity is rejected. The distribution of average similarity under the assumption of random pairings is approximated using a permutation central limit theorem. The randomization test can be used instead of Barttlet's test for nonzero canonical correlations.     

甜瓜蒂的毛细管电泳数字化指纹图谱

目的采用毛细管区带电泳法建立甜瓜蒂指纹图谱。方法以的50 mmol.L-1硼砂(含体积分数为5%的乙腈溶液)为背景电解质,运行电压12 kV,紫外检测波长228 nm,以10个不同产地药材的电泳图谱建立了甜瓜蒂毛细管电泳指纹图谱。结果确立11个共有峰,用"中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统"全面挖掘了该CEFP的潜信息,建立了甜瓜蒂毛细管电泳数字化指纹图谱;同时用双定性相似度(SF和S′F)双定量相似度(C和P)评价了甜瓜蒂毛细管电泳数字化指纹图谱。结论所建立的毛细管电泳数字化指纹图谱可为甜瓜蒂鉴别和质量控制提供参考。     

浅论“医”《易》相通

通过对《周易》《内经》及八卦等古代医理的探究,从阴阳、气血、水火三方面探讨了"医"《易》间的联系,揭示了"医"《易》同源,理无二致的道理,并可据此指导临床。     

论《温疫论》《温热论》《温病条辨》对温病认识异同

当下肆虐的新型冠状病毒肺炎属于中医"疫"病的范畴,隶属于温病,具有极强的传染性和流行性。明清时期是温病学发展的鼎盛时期,其中又以吴又可的《温疫论》、叶天士的《温热论》和吴鞠通的《温病条辨》独具代表性。将三本著作试以比较可以发现,《温疫论》是中国疫病学发展史上的奠基之作,其创新性的提出戾气致病学说,认为邪从口鼻而入,伏于膜原,具有表里九传的特点,并提出疫病治疗以祛邪为第一要义,重视攻下逐邪和养护阴液。《温热论》和《温病条辨》深受其影响又不断发展,认为温热之邪自口鼻而入,首先犯肺,并形成了卫气营血和三焦辨证施治纲领,标志着中医辨治温疫病证的逐渐成熟。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎与流行性感冒中医治疗异同体会

新型冠状病毒肺炎与流行性感冒(简称流感)同是急性呼吸道传染病,多发生于冬春季节,会在一定范围内引起暴发和流行,多见于婴幼儿、老年人和原有慢性心肺疾病的病人,主要传染源是病人通过飞沫和密切接触传染,部分可发展至重症肺炎,少数重症病例病情进展快,危及生命,但二者病原体、传染源、传播途径及感染部位、毒力表现各异.中医对于二者...     

(Dys)Functional behavior in forensic psychiatric patients: Study of analogy between music therapy and group work

Music therapy literature often assumes that reactions of clients demonstrated during music therapy show similarities with other situations. This theory is described as the theory of analogy. This study aims to explore these similarities in the context of forensic psychiatry. Forensic psychiatric patients are observed by sociotherapists for specific behavior at the living unit. These results are compared with the observations of behavior during music therapy. Twenty participants are included in the study. Scores of different observation scales are compared. With regard to verbal and dysfunctional behavior, as well as non-observed behavior, significant similarities exist. Coping, interaction and assaultive behavior showed no significant similarities. The results suggest that the theory of analogy should be applied with caution.