飞秒激光辅助超声乳化白内障吸除联合张力环及人工晶状体植入术治疗晶状体不全脱位的临床观察

目的观察飞秒激光辅助超声乳化白内障吸除联合张力环及人工晶状体植入术在晶状体不全脱位(SL)治疗中的安全性与有效性。 方法收集2017年10月至2019年3月就诊于广州爱尔眼科医院的SL患者22例(26只眼)的病例资料。其中,男性患者18例(21只眼),女性患者5例(5只眼);年龄5~65岁,平均(45.8±18.2)岁;外伤性的SL 14例(14只眼)、马凡综合征SL 5例(9只眼)及自发性(原因不明)的SL 3例(3只眼)。按SL程度分,本研究中11只眼脱位轻度,7只眼脱位中度,8只眼脱位重度。采用飞秒激光辅助超声乳化白内障吸除联合张力环及人工晶状体植入术治疗SL,观察并记录术中和术后并发症的情况;检查术后视力、眼压;观察并记录囊袋的稳定性和人工晶状体的居中情况。手术前后患者的最佳矫正视力采用眼数和百分比进行描述;术前、术后的比较采用Wilcoxon检验。 结果本研究纳入的22例(26只眼)患者的手术均顺利,人工晶状体成功植入囊袋内。术中并发症主要有球结膜下出血(20/26只眼)、激光前囊膜未完全切开(5/26只眼)和瞳孔缩小(4/26只眼)。术后无黄斑水肿、眼内炎及视网膜脱离等并发症。本研究中26只眼术后视力均有不同程度的提高。其中,术前最佳矫正视力≥0.5者为2只眼;术后最佳矫正视力≥0.5者为14只眼。术前最佳矫正视力0.3~0.5者为2只眼;术后最佳矫正视力0.3~0.5者为8只眼。经Wilcoxon统计学检验,发现术前、术后最佳矫正视力的差异具有统计学意义(Z＝-4.46,P<0.05)。术后20例(24只眼)人工晶状体的居中性良好,2例(2只眼)人工晶状体发生轻度移位,3例(3只眼)人工晶状体出现前囊膜皱缩。 结论飞秒激光辅助超声乳化白内障吸除联合张力环及人工晶状体植入术在SL治疗中是一种安全有效的方法,其不仅可提高撕囊的成功率,降低超声乳化手术难度,保持囊袋的稳定性,亦可减少术后并发症,临床效果良好。     

Azobenzene‐Incorporated Single‐ and Double‐Stranded Polynorbornenes: Facile Synthesis and Diverse Photoresponsive Property

Double‐stranded polymeric ladderphane using azobenzene as linkers and the single‐stranded polynorbornene with azobenzene pendants are synthesized by the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization using Grubbs ruthenium‐based catalyst. Hydrolysis of these as‐prepared polynorbornenes gives the corresponding isotactic single‐stranded polynorbornene having similar polydispersity and degree of polymerization as those of the original polymers. The photosensitive property of double‐stranded ladderphane indicates significant interactions between adjacent chromophores. These single‐ and double‐stranded polynorbornenes incorporating azobenzene chromophores exhibit distinct photoresponsive performance in the dilute solutions. The rate of photoisomerization for double‐stranded ladderphane is found to be from 6 to 9 times slower than that obtained for single‐stranded polymer. This is ascribed to the differences in structure of polymers and the interaction between azobenzene chromophores in the polymers.     

Catalyst‐Free Ring Opening Synthesis of Biodegradable Poly(ester‐urethane)s Using Isosorbide Bio‐Based Initiator

Polycaprolactones are obtained via ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in catalyst‐free condition. The polymerization is initiated in bulk, using isosorbide‐based amino‐alcohol as a biosourced initiator. The ratio of initiator to ε‐caprolactone, as well as to temperature, is optimized in order to tune the hydroxyl number (Nr. OH) and the average molecular weight of the polymers. In addition, these biocompatible polyesters are used as soft‐block to prepare thermoplastic poly(esterurethane)s elastomers via a simple one‐pot catalyst‐free polymerization. The successful synthesis of poly(esterurethane)s is confirmed by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, and the thermal properties are studied by differential scanning calorimetry. These novel materials exhibit glass transition temperatures ranging from 7 to 38 °C. The biodegradability of these elastomers is evaluated by enzymatic degradation tests performed at rt in phosphate buffer solution (pH ≈ 7.4). The mass loss of polymer films is around 3% after 4 weeks. Scan electron as well as atomic force microscopies are used to show the degradation patterns.     

Spontaneous breakage of intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) 8 years after implantation

We present a case of spontaneous in situ breakage of intracorneal ring segments (ICRSs) 8?years after their implantation in a patient with keratoconus. The patient presented to our clinic with a red and painful right eye that had not improved despite topical steroids and antibiotics. The decision was made to explant the broken ICRSs from the cornea and send them for laboratory analyses, by which manufacturer defects were excluded. It is noteworthy that corneal curvature re-steepening was observed 4?months after ICRS removal despite the performance of crosslinking (CXL) 1?year prior to ICRS implantation.     

Die Hitler in UNS (The Hitler in US): Evil and the Psychoanalytic Situation

In exploring egregious behavior on the part of psychoanalysts, this article attempts to redefine the traditionally ecclesiastical, moralistic notion of evil. Referencing the “Nazification” of the famed Berlin Institute, the vociferous “controversial discussions” at the British Psychoanalytic Society during the London Blitz, and more recent events involving psychologists condoning torture, the author considers evil as a universal potential in context, rather than a fixed social or psychiatric aberration. As such, the dynamic stance of participant observation is put forth as a safeguard against the analyst's loss of self-reflexivity.     

Quality of life after pelvic ring fractures: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundPelvic ring fractures might have consequences for health-related quality of life (HrQoL). The main purpose of this study was to evaluate patients’ HrQoL after a pelvic ring fracture, considering the patients’ characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) and the Majeed pelvic score (MPS).MethodsOne hundred ninety-five patients (86%) with pelvic ring fractures who were conservatively or surgically treated in a level 1 trauma centre between 2011 and 2015 were included in this study (mean follow up: 29 months, range 6–61). A telephone survey of all patients was conducted. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used for statistical assessment with the EQ-5D and the MPS. The MPS results were split into two age groups with a cut-off point of 65 years.ResultsEQ-5D: The mean EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for Tiles A–C was, respectively, 74 (SD 18), 74 (SD 19) and 67 (SD 21), and the mean EQ-5D index score was, respectively, 0.81 (SD 0.23), 0.77 (SD 0.30) and 0.71 (SD 0.26). Compared with Tile A, patients in Tile C experienced significantly more pain (odds ratio 6.28 (1.73–22.82 95% CI), P < 0.01). Clinically relevant differences in EQ-5D scores between Tile A and Tile C were seen in the domains of usual activities and anxiety and in the index score.MPS: The mean MPS of Tiles A–C patients in the <65 group was, respectively, 86 (SD 15), 81 (SD 17), and 74 (SD 16), and in the ≥65 group, it was, respectively, 69 (SD 15), 68 (SD 15) and 66 (SD 9). In the <65 group, significant differences in MPS results between the Tile groups regarding pain (P < 0.01) and the total MPS score (P = 0.04) were seen. Neither significant regression coefficients nor clinically relevant differences were found in the ≥65 group.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our study showed that pain was increased in patients with Tile C fractures, compared with Tiles A and B. Furthermore, Tile C patients had significantly lower EQ-5D index and total MPS scores. However, these problems were not seen in the ≥65 group.     

The value of ‘binder-off’ imaging to identify occult and unexpected pelvic ring injuries

AimsTo determine the effectiveness of ‘binder-off’ plain pelvic radiographs in the assessment of pelvic ring injuries.Patients and methodsAll patients requiring operative intervention at our tertiary referral pelvic unit/major trauma centre for high-energy pelvic injuries between April 2012 and December 2014 were retrospectively identified. Pre-operative pelvic imaging with and without pelvic binder was reviewed with respect to fracture pattern and pelvic stability. The frequency with which the imaging without pelvic binder changed the opinion of the pelvic stability and need for operative intervention, when compared with the computed tomography (CT) scans and anteroposterior (AP) radiographs with the binder on, was assessed.ResultsSeventy-three percent (71 of 97) of patients had initial imaging with a pelvic binder in situ. Of these, 76% (54 of 71) went on to have ‘binder-off’ imaging. Seven percent (4 of 54) of patients had unexpected unstable pelvic ring injuries identified on ‘binder-off’ imaging that were not identified on CT imaging in binder.ConclusionsTrauma CT imaging of the pelvis with a pelvic binder in place is inadequate at excluding unstable pelvic ring injuries, and, based on the original findings in this paper, we recommend additional plain film ‘binder-off’ radiographs, when there is any clinical concern.     

Signet‐ring cell/histiocytoid carcinoma in the axilla: A case report with genetic analysis using next‐generation sequencing

Signet‐ring cell/histiocytoid carcinoma (SRCHC) is a very rare skin appendage cancer, with an extremely rare occurrence in the axilla. This study describes the 11th case of SRCHC occurring in the axilla and reports the first gene alteration analysis performed for SRCHC. An 85‐year‐old Japanese male presented with a tumor in the left axilla. Biopsy of the axilla nodule demonstrated diffuse proliferation of histiocytoid neoplastic cells and signet‐ring cells in the dermis and subcutis. Immunohistochemistry revealed loss of E‐cadherin expression in these neoplastic cells. Accordingly, SRCHC of the axilla was diagnosed. Genetic analysis using next‐generation sequencing demonstrated missense mutation of PIK3CA (c1633G>A, pGlu545Lys) and no CDH1 gene mutation.SRCHC of the axilla is considered equivalent to a histiocytoid variant of invasive lobular breast carcinoma. The present SRCHC case demonstrated a pathogenic PIK3CA mutation, which is observed in invasive lobular carcinoma. Additional large case studies are required to clarify the clinicopathological features and gene alterations in SRCHC of the axilla.     

Influence of curing agent on fibrosis around silicone implants

Severe capsular contracture around silicone expander breast implants leading to pain and failure is a major clinical problem. Even though earlier studies have implicated the immunogenicity of silicone, the role of physical and chemical properties of the silicone material in excessive collagen deposition and fibrosis has been less addressed. The present study investigates whether there is any correlation between the type of curing systems i.e. addition and free radical curing and the fibrosis around silicone elastomer. The experiment carried out uses commercially available silicone ventriculo-peritoneal shunt material elastomer cured by platinum and the results are compared with results obtained in a similar study carried out by the authors using commercially available silicone tissue expander material cured by peroxide. Ultra-high molecular weight poly-ethylene (UHMWPE), the standard reference for biocompatibility evaluation, was used as the control material. The materials were implanted in rat skeletal muscle for 30 and 90?days. Inflammatory cells, myofibroblasts, cytokines, and collagen deposition at the material–tissue interface were identified by haematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s Trichrome stains and semi-quantitated based on immunohistochemical studies. Results indicate that even though the cellular response in the initial phase of wound healing was similar in both platinum and peroxide-cured materials, the collagen deposition in the proliferative phase was more around peroxide-cured material in comparison to the platinum-cured silicone elastomer. There is a need to look into the molecular mechanisms of this interaction and the possibility of using curing systems other than free radical peroxide in the manufacture of silicone elastomer expanders for breast prosthesis.     

先天性二尖瓣瓣上隔膜合并复杂心脏畸形一例并文献复习

1病例资料 患儿男性，8岁7个月，因“发现心脏杂音8年”入院。生长发育、活动量稍差，多汗，易感冒。无发作呼吸困难、发绀、晕厥、黑蒙，无咯血，无水肿。既往史：无特殊。查体：血压：右上：100／60mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）：右下：80／50mmHg。