CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术前计算机辅助设计

目的 探索采用计算机辅助技术,对接受全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者进行术前评估,确定髋臼大小、骨缺损程度,并在此基础上辅助手术设计、假体选择及骨缺损修复.方法 2011年3月至10月,共10例(13髋)CroweⅣ型高位脱位髋关节发育不良患者接受THA治疗.患者均为女性;年龄32～74岁,平均42岁.所有患者术前行髋关节三维CT扫描,然后将扫描数据输入Superlmage软件重建骨盆及髋臼.重建后在不同角度精确评估真臼位置,测量真臼大小及前后柱厚度,评估骨缺损程度;将髋臼试模、骨缺损修复材料(钽金属垫块)按1:1大小扫描输入计算机系统,进行术前模拟安放,确定髋臼假体大小、安放位置;髋臼假体安放后评估遗留的骨缺损,确定骨缺损修复材料,进行骨缺损修复模拟测试.结果 9例(12髋)术中实际安放髋臼假体型号与术前计算机辅助设计一致,1例(1髋)假体型号较术前设计大一号.所有患者髋臼安放位置与术前计划一致,均安放于真臼.髋臼骨缺损修复按术前设计:4髋因髋臼顶部骨缺损明显(臼顶部骨性覆盖＜70％),采用钽金属垫块修复骨缺损,以增强髋臼的稳定性;7髋采用Harris法自体股骨头植骨修复骨缺损;2髋髋臼杯植入后臼顶覆盖可,术中未植骨.结论 对CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良者行计算机辅助下THA术前设计,有助于术前精确评估真臼发育情况、大小及髋臼骨缺损,提高手术治疗精确性.     

大转子移位术矫正儿童及青少年短髋畸形

 目的 探讨大转子移位术矫正儿童及青少年短髋畸形的疗效。方法 2005 年8 月至2011 年1 月, 应用大转子移位术矫正儿童及青少年短髋畸形20 例22 髋, 其中18 例20 髋获得随访。男4 例, 女14 例;年龄7.5~15.0 岁, 平均11.4 岁。5 例6 髋为Perthes 病残留畸形, 13 例14髋为发育性髋脱位手术后股骨头坏死。4 例4 髋曾行大转子阻滞术。均行大转子移位术, 矫正畸形后以拉力螺钉固定, 术后石膏裤固定6 周。结果 随访14~79个月, 平均31 个月。术前有行走后疲劳不适感或髋关节疼痛18例, 末次随访时消失或改善13 例;术前16 例存在跛行、Trendelenburg 征阳性, 末次随访时改善9 例;术前12 例13 髋存在髋外展受限, 术后明显改善, 末次随访时髋关节外展范围(45.38°±1.05°)与术前(25.38°±1.20°)比较差异有统计学意义。大转子尖到股骨头上缘关节面水平的距离[(17.47±3.14)mm]、大转子尖到股骨头中心距离与股骨头半径之比(2.10±0.21)与术前[分别为(-2.89±4.62)mm、1.59±0.22]比较差异均有统计学意义;下肢长度差(0.78±0.26)cm, 与术前[(0.83±0.33)cm]比较差异无统计学意义。结论 对儿童及青少年短髋畸形, 大转子移位术可以改善临床症状, 恢复股骨近端正常解剖关系, 重建髋关节生物力学环境, 但不能改善下肢不等长。     

Development of an Anthropomorphic Shoulder Phantom Model That Simulates Bony Anatomy for Sonographic Measurement of the Acromiohumeral Distance

The purpose of this project was to create a sonographic phantom model of the shoulder that was accurate in bone configuration. Its main purpose was for operator training to measure the acromiohumeral distance. A computerized 3‐dimensional model of the superior half of the humerus and scapula was rendered and 3‐dimensionally printed. The bone model was embedded in a gelatin compound and set in a shoulder‐shaped mold. The materials used had speeds of sound that were well matched to soft tissue and epiphyseal bone. The model was specifically effective in simulating the acromiohumeral distance because of its accurate bone geometry.     

Congenital radial head dislocation with a progressive cubitus valgus: a case report

Congenital dislocation of the radial head is rare, although it is the most common congenital anomaly of the elbow. A concomitant progressive cubitus valgus of the elbow has not previously been described in literature. We describe a case of an 8-year-old girl with an unilateral congenital radial head dislocation with a progressive cubitus valgus of 35°, caused by a prematurely closing physis of the lateral humeral condyle. This might be caused by an increased pressure on the lateral physis by the anteriorly dislocated radial head. As no complaints or limitations were present, treatment was non-operative with clinical observation, with satisfactory results after a follow-up of 18 months. A concomitant progressive cubitus valgus can be present in patients with a congenital radial head dislocation. Non-operative treatment can provide satisfactory results.     

Surgical treatment of hip dislocation in Kabuki syndrome: use of incomplete periacetabular osteotomy for posterior acetabular wall deficiency

Purpose

Kabuki syndrome is characterized by distinctive facial features, skeletal anomalies, persisting fingertip pads with dermatoglyphic abnormalities, postnatal growth deficiency and mental retardation. This report reviews our results in the operative treatment of hip dislocations in patients with Kabuki syndrome.

Methods

Between 2001 and 2009, seven dislocated hips (three unilateral and two bilateral hips) in five patients (all girls) were operatively treated at our institution. The operative treatment consists of open reduction, femoral derotation varus osteotomy, pelvic osteotomy (Salter in one and incomplete periacetabular osteotomy in six hips) and capsular plication. The age of the patients at the time of surgery ranged from 2.4 to 5.7 years, with an average of 3.6 years.

Results

The follow-up postoperative period ranged from 3.2 to 6.3 years, with an average of 5.0 years. At the final follow-up, all patients reported no click and no pain, and showed well-contained hips by radiographs. All seven hips were graded as Severin class I-II. One patient presented as having habitual dislocation of the hip 4.4 years after surgery. Computed tomographic (CT) scans revealed posterior acetabular wall deficiency, which was not corrected by the anterolaterally directed Salter osteotomy. The incomplete periacetabular osteotomy provided sufficient posterolateral coverage of the acetabulum.

Conclusion

Operative treatment combining open reduction, femoral derotation varus and incomplete periacetabular osteotomies, and capsular plication provided successful results in patients with Kabuki syndrome who had the characteristics of hip instability such as ligamentous laxity, muscular hypotonia and posterior acetabular wall deficiency.     

Emergency Department Management of Shoulder Dystocia

Background

Precipitous obstetric deliveries can occur outside of the labor and delivery suite, often in the emergency department (ED). Shoulder dystocia is an obstetric emergency with significant risk of adverse outcome.

Objective

To review multiple techniques for managing a shoulder dystocia in the ED.

Discussion

We review various techniques and approaches for achieving delivery in the setting of shoulder dystocia. These include common maneuvers, controversial interventions, and interventions of last resort.

Conclusions

Emergency physicians should be familiar with multiple techniques for managing a shoulder dystocia to reduce the chances of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality.     

Construct validity,reliability, response rate,and association with disease activity of the quick disabilities of the arm,shoulder and hand questionnaire in the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Objective. First objective is to validate the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Quick DASH (QuickDASH) questionnaire in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with functional upper extremity impairment. Next is to clarify which clinical factor is associating with QuickDASH using a large cohort of RA.

Methods. The QuickDASH and DASH were applied to our 94 RA patients who underwent surgery for functional upper extremity impairment. Next, the QuickDASH was applied to our cohort of 5191 Japanese patients with RA.

Results. In the first cohort of 94 RA patients, both QuickDASH and DASH displayed excellent reliability and validity. The response rate of patients < 65 and ≥ 65 years of age showed significant difference in the DASH but not in the QuickDASH. In the second cohort with 5191 RA patients, QuickDASH showed a high response rate (93%) and good to moderate correlation with Japanese version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (r = 0.88) and disease activity score of 28 (DAS28, r = 0.53). Change in QuickDASH score and DAS28-based European League Against Rheumatism response showed significant correlation.

Conclusion. QuickDASH seems suitable for evaluating upper extremity impairment, disability index, and disease control in a large cohort of RA patients including elderly patients.     

Comparative study of the clinical efficacy of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib compared with loxoprofen in patients with frozen shoulder

Abstract

Background This is a randomized comparative study of the efficacy of celecoxib and loxoprofen in patients with frozen shoulder (scapulohumeral periarthritis).

Methods Patients with frozen shoulder who presented with pain as the symptom were divided at random into a celecoxib treatment group (100 mg/dose, twice daily; n = 37) and a loxoprofen treatment group (60 mg/dose, 3 times daily; n = 33). Medication was continued for 1–2 weeks in each group.

Results Each patient was asked to rate the pain on a visual analog scale (score 0–5). This score significantly improved (indicating marked alleviation of pain) in both the celecoxib group (from 3.41 ± 0.86 before treatment to 2.30 ± 1.02 after treatment) and the loxoprofen group (from 3.73 ± 0.67 before treatment to 2.76 ± 0.96 after treatment). In the analysis of disappearance of pain, the percentage of patients showing disappearance of nocturnal pain was significantly higher in the celecoxib group (71.4 %) than in the loxoprofen group (36.8 %).

Conclusions The results confirm that celecoxib is comparable to loxoprofen in terms of analgesic efficacy in patients with frozen shoulder. Among other findings, we report that celecoxib was more effective for nocturnal pain than loxoprofen.     

Shoulder isokinetic profile of male handball players of the Brazilian National Team

Background

Data obtained on an isokinetic dynamometer are useful to characterize muscle status and have been reported in muscle imbalance studies in different types of sport. However, few studies have assessed elite handball players to establish reference values.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare, for the dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) side, the isokinetic profile of shoulder rotator muscle strength between male handball players (H) and asymptomatic non-athletes (NA).

Method

Isokinetic concentric and eccentric strength tests for D upper limbs were performed by the H group (n=20) and the NA group (n=12). Internal and external rotator muscle peak torque in concentric action was assessed at 60°/s and 300°/s and in eccentric action at 300°/s. We also calculated conventional balance (the ratio of external rotator peak torque to internal rotator peak torque in concentric action) and functional balance (the ratio of external rotator peak torque in eccentric action to internal rotator peak torque in concentric action).

Results

In the H group, dominant limbs were stronger in concentric action for external rotation at 60 and 300°/s. The conventional balance ratio for the D side was significantly lower at 60 and 300°/s for H compared to NA. The functional ratio for the D side was significantly lower at 300º/s for H compared to NA.

Conclusions

Compared to asymptomatic non-athletes, handball players presented significant muscular imbalance resulting from daily sports practice, a known risk factor for shoulder injuries.