氟比洛芬磷脂固体分散体的制备和特性

以氟比洛芬（1）磷脂固体分散体在水中45min时的溶出度为指标，用正交试验优化制备工艺；对固体分散体进行差示扫描量热分析和红外扫描，并考察了溶解度与不同pH条件的溶出度。结果表明，所得1固体分散体能显著改善1的溶解度，其在pH4．0、7．2的缓冲溶液及蒸馏水中45min时的溶出度均在70％以上。     

超声波法强化提取罗汉果皂甙的工艺研究

采用超声波法强化提取罗汉果皂甙，采用正交设计，探索最佳的提取工艺。实验结果表明超声波强化提取罗汉果皂甙的最佳工艺条件为：65％的乙醇，料液比1：30，超声波频率26．8KHZ，超声波（输出）功率1080KW，提取温度为40℃，提取时间40min。     

桂西生姜总黄酮的提取及对羟自由基的清除作用研究

目的探讨桂西生姜总黄酮的提取、鉴别及对羟自由基清除作用,以充分利用桂西生姜植物资源,避免资源的浪费。方法采用超声波乙醇浸提法从桂西生姜中提取黄酮类物质,对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证,并用分光光度法测定含量,用桂西生姜总黄酮对羟自由基清除作用进行实验。结果测得样品中总黄酮的含量C=0.9573 mg/ml,回收率为101.8%,其纯度和产率均较高。结论该方法采用全物理过程,无任何污染,是提取桂西生姜黄酮类物质的有效途径。桂西生姜总黄酮提取液对Fenton体系产生的.OH自由基有很好的清除作用。     

Reduced shear stress and disturbed flow may lead to coronary aneurysm and thrombus formations

BACKGROUND: With Kawasaki disease it is important to clarify the mechanisms of coronary artery aneurysm and thrombus to avoid acute myocardial infarction. The authors tested the hypothesis that shear stress is reduced at coronary branching sites and in coronary artery aneurysms, and that this reduction of shear stress can promote formation of coronary artery aneurysms and thrombus. METHODS: The subjects were 111 children with Kawasaki disease with left coronary artery aneurysms, classified into three groups: giant coronary artery aneurysm (n= 28, diameter of coronary artery >8 mm), aneurysm (n= 44, diameter of coronary artery =8 mm), and normal-appearing coronary (n= 39). Averaged peak flow velocity (APV), flow patterns and shear stress were measured and calculated at normal-appearing coronary vessels, left coronary artery branching sites and intra-coronary aneurysm using flow wire, and coronary angiography. Also, presence and appearance of thrombus were detected by intravascular ultrasonography. RESULTS: The authors found that 90.3% of the coronary artery aneurysms occurred at major left coronary branching sites. APV and shear stress were significantly decreased in giant coronary artery aneurysms (APV, 7.1 +/- 2.1 cm/s; shear stress, 3.8 +/- 2.1 dyne/cm(2)) and at the left coronary artery branching site (APV, 9.1 +/- 1.2; shear stress, 1+/-+/-.2 3.0). In total, 20 of 24 thrombi were detected only in giant aneurysm, and all patients exhibited disturbed flow pattern in their giant coronary artery aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced shear stress and disturbed flow pattern may lead to coronary artery aneurysm and thrombus formation.     

体外冲击波碎石焦点区域的时域有限差分法数值仿真

体外冲击波碎（Extracorporeal shock wave lithotropisy，ESWL）形成的焦点区域形状、大小、位置和声压分布等是影响其治疗效果的主要因素之一。本文利用笔者等以前提出FDTD（Finite Difference Time Domain）超声波非线性传播的仿真法，以实际Reichenberger的ESWL实验为例建立仿真模型，数值仿真TESWL超声波非线性传播过程，研究ESWL焦点附近的声压分布、焦点区域的大小、形状、位置及人体组织对焦点区域的影响。     

三种超声方法联合检查对胎儿呼吸样运动的评价

目的:用三种超声方法观察35例孕妇的胎儿有或无呼吸样运动(FBM)。方法:B型观察胎儿躯干,脉冲多普勒观察脐静脉。彩色多普勒观察鼻咽部。结果:三种超声检查的敏感性分别为100%、100%、96%,特异性均为100%。呼吸时间百分比分别为49.6%、48.7%、46.9%。窒息时间分别为(170±121)s、(17l±132)s、(170±129) s。结论:三种超声方法是评价产前胎儿FBM的实用方法且可互相替代。     

复方丹参滴丸对急性冠脉综合征患者QT离散度的影响

目的 观察复方丹参滴丸对急性冠脉综合征（Acs）患者QT离散度的影响。方法 71例ACS患者随机分成治疗组36例，对照组35例。2组均给予硝酸酯类、抗血小板、抗凝，有溶栓指征者给予尿激酶；治疗组在上述治疗的基础上给予复方丹参滴丸。2组均于治疗前及治疗1个月后测定QT离散度，观察两种治疗方法对QT离散度影响。结果 治疗前2组QT离散度无明显著异（P〉0．05）。治疗1个月后与治疗前相比，治疗组QT离散度显著下降（P〈0．05），而对照组QT离散度无明显变化（P〉0．05）；治疗后，治疗组较对照组QT离散度明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论 复方丹参滴丸使急性冠脉综合征患者的QT离散度显著缩小，能保护心肌，改善预后。     

Enhanced external counterpulsation in the management of patients with cardiovascular disease

Studies over the past several decades support the hypothesis that enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) can provide long-term benefits in patients with angina secondary to chronic coronary disease. Numerous non-sham controlled trials have recently been substantiated by a multicenter, randomized trial. Although the mechanism by which this mechanical treatment effects an alteration in cellular processes within the myocardium remains unclear, recent scientific investigations suggest that shear stress induced by chronic exposure to EECP might result in the release of a variety of growth factors and the subsequent stimulation of angiogenesis in the coronary beds. Ongoing clinical trials in patients with significant left ventricular dysfunction, an international registry, and additional clinical trials may help to elucidate further the role of this novel and unique therapy in our clinical armamentarium.     

Associations between different status of myocardial ischemia and ischemiarelated negative or positive epicardial U-waves: Observations during coronary angioplasty

This study examined the relationships between the polarity of the U wave on intracoronary electrocardiogram (ECG) and the status of myocardial ischemia during angioplasty. The ECG features of ischemia-related U waves were also evaluated. Among 63 patients with intracoronary ECGs adequate for analysis of U waves, there were 26 patients showing a change of the U wave to a negative direction and 18 patients showing a change to a positive direction from baseline to coronary occlusion. Among these patients, 10 of the former showed a distinct change in polarity of the U wave from positive to negative (group A), and 7 of the latter patients showed the opposite change (group B). Patients in group B had a higher incidence of prior myocardial infarction (86% vs 30%; P < .05), presence of an abnormal Q wave on intracoronary ECG (71% vs 20%; P < .05), poor wall motion in the angioplasty-related area (100% vs 30%; P < .01), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (55.7% +/-8.1% vs 66.6% +/- 4.5%; P < .01) than patients in group A. The remaining patients (other than groups A and B) showing U wave change in a negative (n = 16) or positive (n = 11) direction presented with similar features to those in groups A or B, respectively. The ECG features of several types of ischemia-related U wave were determined by analysis of intracoronary ECG obtained from the patients in groups A and B. In group A, the Bazett-corrected Q (positive U) interval measured at baseline (myocardial state; near normal) was significantly shorter than the Q-(negative U) interval measured during coronary occlusion (acute ischemia) (0.518 +/- 0.031 s vs 0.579 +/- 0.046 s; P < .01). In group B, the Q-(negative U) interval measured at baseline (chronic ischemia) was longer than the Q-(positive U) interval measured during angioplasty (acute-on-chronic ischemia) (0.582 +/- 0.034 s vs 0.501 +/- 0.027 s; P < .001). Thus, intracoronary ECG recorded during angioplasty in the present study revealed physiologic U wave, two types ("acute" and "chronic") of ischemia-related negative and one type ("pseudonormal") of ischemia-related positive U waves, each of which appeared in a different status of myocardial ischemia and possessed characteristic ECG features in its appearance.     

尼莫地平固体分散体在速释制剂中的溶出性质(英)

为了提高难溶性药物尼莫地平的溶出度,并在此基础上研制出其速释制剂,本研究选用PVP（k30）为载体制备了尼莫地平的固体分散体及机械混合物,比较了二者体外药物溶出度及药物的结晶形态,并考查了共沉淀物的稳定性。进而进行了尼莫地平速释片剂处方的筛选,并按最优处方制备了胶囊剂。比较了自制速释胶囊剂与市售片剂的释药情况。体外实验结果表明,固体分散体对尼莫地平溶出度的提高大大优于机械混合物,5分钟的释药量,前者为89％,而后者仅为45％。X-射线衍射实验表明,尼莫地平在以PVP为载体的固体分散体中是以非晶体形式存在,并且在室温并密封于玻璃瓶中放置一年后仍无结晶出现。本研究制备的片剂和胶囊剂都具有速释性质,而以胶囊剂为优,说明压片压力可能影响溶出。速释胶囊的释药速率大大高于市售普通片剂。