镍钛记忆合金环抱器治疗多发性肋骨骨折的临床研究

目的：探讨镍钛记忆合金环抱器治疗多发性肋骨骨折的疗效。方法100例多发性肋骨骨折患者均采用镍钛记忆合金环抱器行手术治疗。结果患者均无感染,骨折不愈合及内固定松动、滑脱等并发症发生;术后5个月~12个月取出内固定,骨折部位无炎症反应,心肺功能恢复较好。结论镍钛记忆合金环抱器呈现出良好的组织相容性,手术操作简便、创伤小、并发症少,是一种较为理想的治疗多发性肋骨骨折的方法。     

新疆13～18岁少数民族中学生1985和2010年的身体形态发育状况的比较研究

目的了解新疆地区13~18岁维、哈、柯等三个少数民族中学生的生长发育状况及之间存在的差异和原因,为改善新疆少数民族中学生体质健康水平提供科学依据。方法通过文献资料、数理统计、对比分析等研究方法,利用新疆地区1985年和2010年13~18岁少数民族学生体质健康调研所获得的数据,对该地区维、哈、柯等三个少数民族学生的身体形态发育状况作25年的动态观察、对比和分析。结果近25年间,新疆13~18岁维、哈、柯等少数民族中学生的身高、体重、胸围平均增长值基本保持增长(除了维女生身高,维、柯男生胸围指标外),平均增长值分别为:维男生3.3cm、3.9kg、-0.5cm,维女生-0.2cm、0.9kg、4.2cm;哈男生6.1cm、4.8kg、1.7cm,哈女生4cm、4.1kg、2.6cm;柯男生4.8cm、3.6kg、-0.5cm,柯女生3cm、3.3kg、0.4cm。维、哈、柯等少数民族学生的身体形态发育各有差异,总体水平:哈男、女生的身体形态发育水平优于维、柯男、女生,柯男、女生的优于维男、女生,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05~0.001)。结论近25年间,新疆维、哈、柯等少数民族中学生的身体形态发育各有差异,身体形态发展不平衡,其原因是多方面的,除了遗传、历史、自然环境、学校、家庭、社会等因素外,最主要与新疆经济发展区域间存在不均衡性有关。     

Delayed processing of global shape information is associated with weaker top-down effects in developmental prosopagnosia

ABSTRACT

In previous studies we have shown that a group of individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DP): (i) were impaired at recognizing objects when presented as silhouettes or fragmented forms; stimuli which place particular demands on global shape processing, (ii) that these impairments correlated with their face recognition deficit, (iii) that they showed a reduced global precedence effect in Navon’s paradigm, and (iv) that the magnitude of their global precedence effect correlated with their face and object recognition performance. This pattern of deficits points towards a delay in the processing of global shape information; a delay that may weaken top-down influences on recognition performance. Here we show that the DPs show reduced real object superiority effects (faster responses to real objects than nonobjects) compared with controls. Given that real object superiority effects reflect top-down processing, these findings support the notion of impaired global shape based top-down processing in DP.     

足弓差异对动静态足踝功能的影响

目的 通过运动生物力学手段从动、静态两个方面评价不同足型受试者足踝功能的差异,为足踝运动研究提供理论支持和参考依据。方法 对65名受试者以足弓指数区分成扁平足、低弓足和正常足3组,采用单因素方差分析3组受试者静、动态足踝功能指标的差异。结果 在静态足踝功能方面,正常足踝关节适应性（malleolar valgus flexibility,MVF）显著高于低弓足和扁平足（P<0.05）;在纵弓适应性（arch height flexibility,AHF）上,负重对正常足的影响相比于扁平足较小（P<0.05）,3组横弓适应性（transverse arch flexibility,TAF）无统计学意义。在动态足踝功能上,缓冲阶段正常足在受力偏移幅度和时间均高于其他两组（P<0.05）;在过渡阶段,正常足相比于低弓足和扁平足,过渡时间显著降低（P<0.05）;在蹬伸阶段,正常足在蹬伸时间和蹬伸速度显著高于扁平足（P<0.05）。结论 负重增加时,低弓足和扁平足后足姿势维持能力和纵弓形态维持能力相比于正常足较差;低弓足和扁平足的足弓刚性和足底弹性相比于正常足较差,正常足在行走时表现出更好的承重缓冲能力、弹性向刚性过渡能力以及蹬伸效率。系统全面的评测体系对足踝损伤风险预测、运动能力评估具有重要意义。     

基于颗粒特性的流化床包衣质量影响因素综述

流化床包衣技术具有效率高、传热传质性能好等优点,在制药行业中具有广泛的利用价值。包衣过程本质为复杂的气固两相流动,准确地理解气固流动行为及其流动特性、掌握流化床包衣及其放大规律,一直是国内外学者的研究重点。本文首先简介了流化床包衣的基本过程,然后以颗粒特性为基础,从颗粒的旋转、碰撞和形状3个方面综述其对包衣过程中气固流动特性的影响,以及对流化床包衣性能产生的影响,并进行简要分析。基于此,本文指出了后续研究需要重点突破的方向:从介观颗粒群尺度研究流化床包衣相似放大可能是解决传统相似放大难题的一个有效途径。     

Embedded NiTi Wires for Improved Dynamic Thermomechanical Performance of Silicone Elastomers

The extraordinary properties of shape memory NiTi alloy are combined with the inherent viscoelastic behavior of a silicon elastomer. NiTi wires are incorporated in a silicon elastomer matrix. Benefits include features as electrical/thermal conductivity, reinforcement along with enhanced damping performance and flexibility. To gain more insight of this composite, a comprehensive dynamic thermomechanical analysis is performed and the temperature- as well as frequency-dependent storage modulus and the mechanical loss factor are obtained. The analyses are realized for the composite and single components. Moreover, the models to express the examined properties and their temperature along with the frequency dependencies are also presented.     

山东微山湖区子代钉螺壳形变异的研究

目的 目的 探讨钉螺被人为迁移至南水北调山东受水区后其子代钉螺壳形变化特点。方法 方法 取微山湖区独山岛饲 养的钉螺, 以亲代钉螺107只为对照组, 同时测量子1代螺115只、 子2代螺107只, 收集螺体壳长 （L）、 壳宽 （W）、 壳口宽 （AW）、 壳口长 （AL）、 唇脊厚度 （LIT） 等数据, 并计数体螺旋纵肋数。结果 结果 子代钉螺LIT明显减少, 并随子代数增加呈递减 状态, 三代螺两两比较, LIT差异有统计学意义 （P < 0.01）; 同时, 子代螺L和AL降低, W和AW增加, 壳口长与宽之积增加, 体螺旋纵肋数增加。结论 结论 微山湖子代钉螺的螺体变小、 螺壳变薄, 提示微山湖区非完全适宜钉螺孳生, 但是种群可以生 存多年。     

Full dynamics of a red blood cell in shear flow

At the cellular scale, blood fluidity and mass transport depend on the dynamics of red blood cells in blood flow, specifically on their deformation and orientation. These dynamics are governed by cellular rheological properties, such as internal viscosity and cytoskeleton elasticity. In diseases in which cell rheology is altered genetically or by parasitic invasion or by changes in the microenvironment, blood flow may be severely impaired. The nonlinear interplay between cell rheology and flow may generate complex dynamics, which remain largely unexplored experimentally. Under simple shear flow, only two motions, “tumbling” and “tank-treading,” have been described experimentally and relate to cell mechanics. Here, we elucidate the full dynamics of red blood cells in shear flow by coupling two videomicroscopy approaches providing multidirectional pictures of cells, and we analyze the mechanical origin of the observed dynamics. We show that contrary to common belief, when red blood cells flip into the flow, their orientation is determined by the shear rate. We discuss the “rolling” motion, similar to a rolling wheel. This motion, which permits the cells to avoid energetically costly deformations, is a true signature of the cytoskeleton elasticity. We highlight a hysteresis cycle and two transient dynamics driven by the shear rate: an intermittent regime during the “tank-treading-to-flipping” transition and a Frisbee-like “spinning” regime during the “rolling-to-tank-treading” transition. Finally, we reveal that the biconcave red cell shape is highly stable under moderate shear stresses, and we interpret this result in terms of stress-free shape and elastic buckling.     

新型颧弓骨折内固定器的模拟设计及生物力学研究

目的:利用计算机模拟设计一种新型颧弓骨折内固定器,并通过有限元方法对其固定效果进行生物力学分析。方法:利用螺旋CT扫描图像,在Mimics软件中进行颧弓的三维重建,Geomagic软件完成曲面重构,在UG NX5.0中设计新型内固定器并建立颧弓骨折内固定的三维有限元模型,沿X轴正向,对模型外侧进行集中力加载,大小分为10N、30N、60N、90N、120N、150N六个级别,记录分析该有限元模型在不同工况下的应力及位移情况。结果:成功模拟设计出一种新型颧弓骨折内固定器,建立颧弓骨折内固定三维有限元模型,单元数52977,节点数87116。模型应力主要分布在固定器上,模型最大位移部位位于中间骨折段下端,固定器稳定可靠,能提供有效的支撑作用,防止颧弓再移位。结论:模拟的颧弓骨折内固定器固定效果满意,为今后该固定器的设计提供建模基础并对其可行性进行初步验证。