The number of cardiac myocytes in the hypertrophic and hypotrophic left ventricle of the obese and calorie-restricted mouse heart

Changes in body mass due to varying amounts of calorie intake occur frequently with obesity and anorexia/cachexia being at opposite sides of the scale. Here, we tested whether a high-fat diet or calorie restriction (CR) decreases the number of cardiac myocytes and affects their volume. Ten 6–8-week-old mice were randomly assigned to a normal (control group, n = 5) or high-fat diet (obesity group, n = 5) for 28 weeks. Ten 8-week-old mice were randomly assigned to a normal (control group, n = 5) or CR diet (CR group, n = 5) for 7 days. The left ventricles of the hearts were prepared for light and electron microscopy, and analysed by design-based stereology. In CR, neither the number of cardiac myocytes, the relationship between one- and multinucleate myocytes nor their mean volume were significantly different between the groups. In contrast, in the obese mice we observed a significant increase in cell size combined with a lower number of cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05 in the one-sided U-test) and an increase in the mean number of nuclei per myocyte. The mean volume of myofibrils and mitochondria per cardiac myocyte reflected the hypertrophic and hypotrophic remodelling in obesity and CR, respectively, but were only significant in the obese mice, indicating a more profound effect of the obesity protocol than in the CR experiments. Taken together, our data indicate that long-lasting obesity is associated with a loss of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle, but that short-term CR does not alter the number of cardiomyocytes.     

Controversial association results for INSIG2 on body mass index may be explained by interactions with age and with MC4R

Among the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported to be associated with body mass index (BMI) and obesity, we focus on a common risk variant rs7566605 upstream of the insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2) gene and a rare protective variant rs2229616 on the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene. INSIG2 is involved in adipogenesis and MC4R effects hormonal appetite control in response to the amount of adipose tissue. The influence of rs2229616 (MC4R) on BMI and obesity has been confirmed repeatedly and insight into the underlying mechanism provided. However, a main effect of rs7566605 (INSIG2) is under debate because of inconsistent replications of association. Interaction of rs7566605 with age may offer an explanation. SNP–age and SNP–SNP interaction models were tested on independent individuals from three population-based longitudinal cohorts, restricting the analysis to an observed age of 25–74 years. KORA S3/F3, KORA S4/F4 (Augsburg, Germany, 1994–2005, 1999–2008), and Framingham-Offspring data (Framingham, USA, 1971–2001) were analysed, with a total sample size of N=6926 in the joint analysis. The effect of interaction between rs7566605 and age on BMI and obesity status is significant and consistent across studies. This new evidence for rs7566605 (INSIG2) complements previous research. In addition, the interaction effect of rs7566605 with the MC4R variant rs2229616 on BMI was observed. This effect size was three times larger than that in a previously reported single-locus main effect of rs2229616. This leads to the conclusion that SNP–age or SNP–SNP interactions can mask genetic effects for complex diseases if left unaccounted for.     

重症肺炎患儿血清PCT、hs-CRP、CER水平与心肌损害发生率的关系探讨

目的检测重症肺炎患儿血清降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、铜蓝蛋白(CER)水平,并分析其与心肌损害发生率的关系。方法对医院2015年4月~2018年9月收治的212例重症肺炎患儿的资料进行回顾,检测其基线血清PCT、hs-CRP和CER水平。计算心肌损害发生率,对比心肌损害发生者和未发生者基线血清PCT、hs-CRP和CER水平。采用Logistic回归分析探讨上述血清因子与重症肺炎患儿心肌损害的关系,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)探讨基线血清PCT、hs-CRP、CER水平及三者联合对心肌损害的预测效能。结果本组患儿心肌损害发生率为11.79%,发生时间为(7.15±2.08)d;心肌损害发生者基线血清PCT、hs-CRP和CER水平均高于未发生组(P<0.05);发生者年龄<3岁、并发呼吸衰竭、低蛋白血症、低氧血症、低钾血症、发病至入院时间>7d、发病至入院时间3~7d、基线PCT升高>50%、基线hs-CRP升高>50%、基线CER升高>50%构成比均高于未发生者(P<0.05),经Logistic回归分析证实均为心肌损害的危险因素;基线PCT、hs-CRP、CER水平预测心肌损害的Cut-off值分别为8.45pg/L、12.50mg/mL、402.47mg/L,三者联合预测心肌损害的灵敏度、特异度、AUC分别为92.00%、97.86%、0.896,均高于单独预测。结论重症肺炎患儿并心肌损害发生风险高,发生者基线PCT、hs-CRP、CER水平较高,年龄<3岁、并发呼吸衰竭等均是其危险因素,且基线PCT、hs-CRP、CER水平联合预测心肌损害的效能较高。     

Role of endoscopy in the bariatric surgery of patients

Obesity is an increasingly serious health problem in nearly all Western countries.It represents an important risk factor for several gastrointestinal diseases,such as gastroesophageal reflux disease,erosive esophagitis,hiatal hernia,Barrett’s esophagus,esophageal adenocarcinoma,Helicobacter pylori infection,colorectal polyps and cancer,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Surgery is the most effective treatment to date,resulting in sustainable and significant weight loss,along with the resolution of metabolic comorbidities in up to 80%of cases.Many of these conditions can be clinically relevant and have a significant impact on patients undergoing bariatric surgery.There is evidence that the chosen procedure might be changed if specific pathological upper gastrointestinal findings,such as large hiatal hernia or Barrett’s esophagus,are detected preoperatively.The value of a routine endoscopy before bariatric surgery in asymptomatic patients(screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy)remains controversial.The common indications for endoscopy in the postoperative bariatric patient include the evaluation of symptoms,the management of complications,and the evaluation of weight loss failure.It is of critical importance for the endoscopist to be familiar with the postoperative anatomy and to work in close collaboration with bariatric surgery colleagues in order to maximize the outcome and safety of endoscopy in this setting.The purpose of this article is to review the role of the endoscopist in a multidisciplinary obesity center as it pertains to the preoperative and postoperative management of bariatric surgery patients.     

复方薏荷茶对肥胖小鼠改善胰岛素抵抗的调节机制研究

研究复方薏荷茶对C57BL/6J肥胖小鼠改善胰岛素抵抗的调节作用。将32只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为4组:空白组、模型组、复方薏荷茶低浓度组和高浓度组。空白组给予标准饲料,其余组给予高脂饲料造模饲养6周。6周后给药组每日分别灌胃复方薏荷茶40,20 mg/kg。第11周尾静脉取血测定血糖浓度,第12周测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量。取肝脏组织分别用HE和油红O染色,免疫组化法测定肝脏组织中GLUT4蛋白的表达量,Western blot法测定脂肪组织中PI3K,Akt和GLUT4蛋白的表达量。结果显示,复方薏荷茶组与模型组相比可显著降低肥胖小鼠的体质量,提高对葡萄糖的耐受量,降低血清中的TC、TG、LDL-C水平,改善肝脏组织病变,提高脂肪组织中PI3K,Akt,GLUT4和肝脏组织中GLUT4蛋白的表达量。实验结果表明,复方薏荷茶具有改善血糖和血脂的作用,可减轻肝脏组织中的脂肪堆积,从PI3K-Akt-GLUT4通路上调节组织对葡萄糖的利用,对肥胖小鼠胰岛素抵抗有较好的调节作用。     

重型系统性红斑狼疮中医辨治探析

[目的]探索中医辨证施治重型系统性红斑狼疮临床常见中医证型的方法。[方法]通过典型病案举例,分析重型系统性红斑狼疮临床常见中医证型热毒炽盛证、饮邪凌心证、饮热迫肺证、风痰内动证的不同治疗方法。[结果]重型系统性红斑狼疮热毒炽盛证,用犀角地黄汤加桃红四物汤加减以清热解毒,凉血消斑;饮邪凌心证,用木防己汤加减以益气温阳、活血利水;饮热迫肺证,用麻杏石甘汤加减以清热化痰、宣肺平喘;风痰内动证,用天麻钩藤饮合止痉散加减以清肝熄风,涤痰开窍。同时,不同证型视血瘀、水饮、痰饮之轻重予以兼顾。[结论]以4种证型辨证施治重型系统性红斑狼疮,临证效果肯定,值得学习借鉴。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎流行病学特点 和治疗药物研究进展

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）于2019 年12 月在中国武汉被发现。由 于该病毒具有较强的传染性,爆发了以湖北省为中心,借助春运快速波及至全国的新型冠状病毒肺炎 (COVID-19）疫情。认清疫情变化规律和了解临床针对性的药物研发进展,对疫情控制具有重要意义。该文 从SARS-CoV-2 的特性、COVID-19 疫情的流行病学表现、治疗药物研发和应用等进行综述。     

肥胖对加速康复流程下全膝关节置换术围术期失血量的影响

目的 评价加速康复流程下肥胖对全膝关节置换术（TKA）围术期失血量的影响。方法 回顾性分析2017年8月—2018年8月四川大学华西医院关节外科中心行初次单侧TKA的患者的临床资料,按照体重指数（BMI）分为正常组（18～<24?kg/m2）、超重组（24～<28?kg/m2）和肥胖组（≥28?kg/m2）,比较各组患者的基线资料、总失血量、术中输血量、隐性失血量、总失血量和血容量（PBV）的比值、异体输血率、血红蛋白和血细胞比容变化量、术后住院时间和并发症发生率等。结果 肥胖组患者的PBV最高（P?<0.05）,肥胖组患者的总失血量和隐性失血量与超重组和正常组比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）,但3组间术中出血量、总失血量和PBV的比值、血红蛋白和血细胞比容变化量比较,差异均无统计学意义（P?>0.05）。3组患者均没有异体输血、肺栓塞和切口深层感染,3组深静脉血栓、切口红肿渗出和恶心呕吐的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P?>0.05）。结论 在加速康复流程下,肥胖患者行TKA围术期失血风险更高,其中隐性失血是主要原因,但肥胖患者失血量和血容量的比值、异体输血率、血红蛋白和血细胞比容变化量并没有升高。