早期气管插管联合镇痛镇静治疗脑梗死合并严重延髓麻痹的临床分析

背景 脑梗死常合并严重延髓麻痹,传统气管插管时机较迟,因长时间的延髓麻痹,导致治疗难度增大,预后变差。目的 探讨早期气管插管联合镇痛镇静治疗脑梗死合并严重延髓麻痹的效果。方法 选择2020年5月至2021年5月该院收治的脑梗死并发严重延髓麻痹患者70例,分为早期插管组（35例）和传统插管组（35例）,插管后均予以丙泊酚,瑞芬太尼镇痛镇静。比较两组患者插管前及插管后的动脉血气分析指标;气管插管前病情危重程度及3个月时预后评价［美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分、改良Rankin评分量表(mRS)评分、洼田饮水试验评分、急性缺血性脑卒中相关肺炎评分(AIS-APS)］;全身并发症(肺部感染、消化道出血、急性心力衰竭、急性肾功能衰竭）的发生率;临床转归及预后：发病至插管时间,在ICU住院天数,长期无法拔管患者例数,可拔管患者插管至拔管天数。结果 两组患者插管后的动脉血气分析指标均有好转(P<0.05)。与传统插管组比较,早期插管组能减少肺部感染、消化道出血、急性心力衰竭发生率(P<0.05);肾功能衰竭有减少趋势,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与传统插管组比较,早期插管组,发病至插管时间更短(P<0.05);在ICU住院天数更短(P<0.05)。长期无法拔管患者例数两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而可拔管患者插管至拔管时间,早期插管组更短(P<0.05)。3个月时,早期插管组预后较传统插管组好（NIHSS评分、GCS评分、mRS评分、洼田饮水试验评分、AIS-APS评分）,均P<0.05)。结论 早期气管插管联合镇痛镇静能减轻病情严重程度,能减少全身并发症发生率,促进病情恢复,改善远期预后。     

What Is the Impact of Body Mass Index Cutoffs on Total Hip Arthroplasty Complications?

BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) cutoffs are commonly utilized to decide whether to offer obese patients elective total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, weight loss goals may be unachievable for many, and some patients are thereby denied complication-free surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of varying BMI cutoffs on the rates of complication-free surgery after THA.MethodsPatients undergoing THA between 2015 and 2018 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database using Common Procedural Terminology code 27130. BMI and rates of 30-day complications were collected. BMI cutoffs of 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 kg/m² were applied to model the incidence of complications if THA would have been allowed to proceed based on BMI.ResultsA total of 192,394 patients underwent THA, and 13,970 (7%) of them had a BMI ≥40 kg/m². With a BMI cutoff of 40 kg/m², 178,424 (92.7%) patients would have proceeded with THA. From this set, 170,296 (95.4%) would experience complication-free surgery, and 11.8% of complications would be prevented. THA would proceed for 191,217 (99.3%) patients at a BMI cutoff of 50 kg/m², of which 182,123 (95.2%) would not experience a complication, and 1.3% of complications would be prevented. Using 35 kg/m² as the BMI cutoff would prevent 28.6% of complications and permit 75.9% of complication-free surgeries to proceed.ConclusionLower BMI cutoffs for THA can result in fewer complications although they will consequentially limit access to complication-free THA. Consideration of risks of obesity in THA may be best considered as part of a holistic assessment and shared decision-making when deciding on goals for weight reduction.     

运动对超重/肥胖型葡萄糖耐量减低患者炎症相关蛋白表达水平的影响

目的:研究运动对超重／肥胖型葡萄糖耐量减低(IGT)患者血循环中炎症相关蛋白--白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、可溶性内皮细胞选择素(sE-selectin)水平的影响。方法:60例超重／肥胖型IGT患者入选为期12周的随机对照研究,对照组予以单纯生活方式干预,运动组在此基础上增加运动强度及时间。观察血中IL-6、sE-selectin及体重变化。结果:超重／肥胖型ICT患者的血循环中IL-6、sE-Selectin明显升高,与正常人组比较,差异有显著性意义(P均<0.01)。经12周的干预治疗研究IGT患者体重减轻,运动组减轻体重较对照组更明显4.82±2.12kg,2.35±2.14kg(P<0.01)。伴随着血糖和体重的下降IL-6、sE-selectin明显降低,运动组改善更明显。相关分析显示:sE-selectin与体重指数(BMI)及糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)之间分别存在显著的正相关(P均<0.01)。结论:超重／肥胖型IGT患者已有炎症因子的异常表达,而运动干预能使这些异常得到显著改善。     

重症颅脑损伤患者脑氧利用率的临床研究

目的　探讨重症颅脑损伤患者脑氧利用率 (O2 U Cc)与病情及预后的关系和意义。方法　选择重症颅脑损伤 4 0例作为实验组 ,同期 4 0例轻、中度颅脑损伤作为对照组。通过颈内动脉和颈内静脉采血 ,观察颈内动脉血氧饱和度 (Sa O2 )、颈内静脉血氧饱和度 (Sj O2 )以及颈内动静脉血氧饱和度差〔 S(a j) O2 〕;根据氧利用率的计算公式推导出 O2 UCc。O2 U Cc=S(a j) O2 / Sa O2 ,并计算 O2 U Cc;分析 O2 U Cc与颅脑损伤病情及预后的关系。结果　实验组 Sa O2 与对照组比较无显著性差异 ;实验组 Sj O2 升高 ,O2 U Cc降低 ,与对照组比较差异显著 (P均 <0 .0 1)。实验组死亡 2 6例 ,存活 14例 ,病死率 6 5 %。死亡组 Sa O2 与存活组比较无显著性差异 ;死亡组 Sj O2 升高 ,O2 UCc降低 ,与存活组比较差异显著 (P均 <0 .0 1)。结论　重症颅脑损伤常伴有脑氧代谢动力学障碍 ,以高 Sj O2 和低 O2 U Cc为主要表现 ;O2 UCc<11%预示预后不良。     

重症急性胰腺炎病人下肢深静脉血栓预防的护理进展

综述了重症急性胰腺炎合并腹腔间室综合征病人下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素及预防性护理进展。提出认真的护理评估、严密的病情观察、积极的药物及机械性预防护理措施,是降低下肢深静脉血栓发生率的关键。     

急诊SARS患者初诊时血常规特点分析

目的 :探讨严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)与急性呼吸道感染 (ARI)患者发病初期血常规特点 ,为早期鉴别诊断提供参考。方法 :采集急诊 SARS与 ARI患者初诊时的血常规检验指标 ,建立数据库 ,运用描述性分析及推断性分析 (χ2检验和 u检验 )方法 ,对两组患者的血常规指标进行对照分析。结果 :早期 SARS患者的白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、血小板计数、血小板容积比均低于 ARI患者 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ;两组的中性粒细胞比例与淋巴细胞比例差异无显著性 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。结论 :血常规检查是急诊初诊时临床诊断 SARS的重要依据之一。     

重症脑梗死患者的早期肠内营养支持的应用

目的:研究重症脑梗死患者早期应用肠内营养支持对机体营养指标及胃肠道功能的临床效果。方法:对确诊为重症脑梗死的患者62例,以抽签法随机分为治疗组与对照组,分别用改良与传统方法实施鼻饲。结果:治疗组患者治疗前后血清白蛋白、非瘫痪侧上臂三头肌肌围(moveablearmmuscularcirculation,MAMC)和三头肌皮褶厚度(tricepsskinfold,TSF)等营养指标值在14d与1d比较时有统计学意义(t=2.32～11.75,P<0.05),各营养指标变化值在14d时治疗组较对照组差异有显著性意义犤血清白蛋白:(33.3±2.5)比(29.5±2.3)g/L;TSF:(13.51±2.27)比(12.35±2.13)mm;MAMC:(21.35±2.43)比(18.89±1.78)cm犦(P<0.05)。治疗组的上消化道出血、呕吐反流、腹胀和拒食等胃肠胃功能障碍的发生率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:早期肠内营养支持可减轻重症脑梗死患者的营养状况恶化程度,有助于胃肠道功能的改善。     

Critical care management of patients with severe burns and inhalational injury

Anaesthetists and critical care physicians involved in emergency care provision must be equipped with the adequate knowledge and skills to accurately assess and manage patients with severe burns. This summary aims to review the key principles in managing patients with severe burns including airway management, fluid resuscitation, sedation, burn care, analgesia and nutrition.