Impact of single‐dose nandrolone decanoate on gonadotropins,blood lipids and HMG CoA reductase in healthy men

The aim was to study the effect and time profile of a single dose of nandrolone decanoate (ND) on gonadotropins, blood lipids and HMG CoA reductase [3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGCR)] in healthy men. Eleven healthy male participants aged 29–46 years were given a single dose of 150 mg ND as an intramuscular dose of Deca Durabol®, Organon. Blood samples for sex hormones, lipids and HMGCR mRNA analysis were collected prior to ND administration day 0, 4 and 14. A significant suppression of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) was seen after 4 days. Total testosterone and bioavailable testosterone level decreased significantly throughout the observed study period. A small but significant decrease in sexual hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) was seen after 4 days but not after 14 days. Total serum (S)‐cholesterol and plasma (P)‐apolipoprotein B (ApoB) increased significantly after 14 days. In 80% of the individuals, the HMGCR mRNA level was increased 4 days after the ND administration. Our results show that a single dose of 150 mg ND increases (1) HMGCR mRNA expression, (2) total S‐cholesterol and (3) P‐ApoB level. The long‐term consequences on cardiovascular risk that may appear in users remain to be elucidated.     

Maternal serum interleukin 6 levels and fetomaternal outcomes in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes in Lagos,South-western Nigeria

Objective: This study was done to assess the relationship between maternal serum IL-6 levels and fetomaternal outcome following PPROM.

Methodology: This was a prospective cohort study comprising 45 cases of PPROM and 45 controls of similar age, parity, and gestational age. Five milliliters of maternal serum was collected after obtaining informed consent. They were followed up till delivery and records of the delivery and neonatal outcomes were obtained. Serum IL-6 levels were determined by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. PPROM patients were categorized into two groups using a threshold of 14?pg/ml. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to compare categorical outcomes. p values of?<?0.05 were taken as significant.

Results: The mean serum IL-6 level for the women with PPROM was (20.2?±?11.0?pg/ml), which was significantly greater than for the control subjects (13.9?±?5.8?pg/ml, p?<?0.001). Fetomaternal outcomes were all worse in those with IL-6?≥?14?pg/ml. Nevertheless, only the difference in early neonatal deaths was statistically significant.

Conclusion: Measurement of maternal serum IL-6 can help to indicate hostile intrauterine environments to the fetus as well as identify patients who may benefit from pregnancy prolongation or intervention.     

肾损伤分子-1、β2-微球蛋白、内皮素-1和肌酐在妊娠期高血压疾病并发急性肾损伤的临床研究

目的:探讨血清肌酐(SCr)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)的水平在妊娠期高血压疾病并发早期肾损伤的临床意义。方法:将妊娠期高血压疾病并发肾损伤的孕产妇40例设为肾病组,同期正常孕产妇40例设为对照组,分别在孕龄30周、32周、34周、36周检测孕妇血SCr、ET-1、尿KIM-1和β2-MG的水平。结果:1肾病组与对照组比较,患者的年龄、孕次和流产史均无统计学差异(P0.05),尿量、尿素氮(BUN)、SCr及尿蛋白定量均存在统计学差异(P0.001);2肾病组和对照组整体比较,SCr、ET-1、KIM-1和β2-MG的组间、时间点间的交互作用均有统计学差异(P0.05);3孕36周SCr、孕32周KIM-1及孕34周ET-1和β2-MG水平肾病组与对照组组间存在统计学差异(P0.05);4对照组组内不同孕周间SCr、ET-1、KIM-1和β2-MG水平无统计学差异(P0.05);肾病组组内与孕30周时比,KIM-1水平在孕32周显著升高(P0.05),在孕34周、36周进一步升高(P0.01);ET-1和β2-MG水平在孕34周显著升高(P0.05),而SCr在孕36周显著升高(P0.05)。结论:妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇产前监控中,联合检测SCr、ET-1、KIM-1和β2-MG能及时发现肾损伤的存在;妊娠期高血压疾病并发肾损伤时KIM-1、ET-1和β2-MG的改变早于SCr的改变。     

A new method to assess oxidative stress in ART cycles

The role of oxidative stress (OS) in female reproduction is an understudied area for investigation. The aim of the study was to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels both in follicular fluid (FF) and in serum samples of women undergoing IVF and to relate them to clinical outcomes. A total of 56 women were enrolled. From each patient a sample of serum and FF were collected at oocyte retrieval day and analyzed for OS, by measuring a class of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) (dROMs test) and for biological anti-oxidant potential levels (BAP test). The data analyzed in serum and in FF were related to pregnancy outcomes. There was no significant relationship between d-ROMs and BAP levels in serum or FF GROUP A and B and the clinical parameters of prognosis of women: age, number of oocytes retrieved number of oocytes methaphase II, FSH, fertilization rate and cleavage rate, number of embryos transferred and embryo score. There was a positive association between systemic levels of OS measured in serum GROUP A and pregnancy outcomes (p?=?0.007) suggesting that the evaluation of OS in FF needs more investigation about markers in follicular microenvironment in order to predict IVF success.     

Live donor study – implications of kidney donation on cardiovascular risk with a focus on lipid parameters including lipoprotein a

In this prospective observational cohort study, we evaluate the change in cardiovascular risk parameters, with a focus on lipids, in live kidney donors 1 year post donation. Body mass index, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, kidney function (chromium‐51 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid estimated glomerular filtration) and lipid parameters were measured at baseline and 1 year. Data on 87 live kidney donors were collected. Body mass index increased from 26.5 ± 2.7 pre to 27.4 ± 3.0 kg/m² post donation (p < 0.0001). Chromium‐51 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid estimated glomerular filtration decreased from 111.8 ± 20.0 pre to 72.1 ± 13.1 mL/min/1.73 m² post donation (p < 0.0001). Serum triglyceride levels increased from 0.8 (interquartile range 0.6–1.3) pre to 1.0 mmol/L (interquartile range 0.7–1.6) post donation (p = 0.0004). Statin use increased from 11.5% pre to 21% post donation (p < 0.005). Low‐density lipoprotein remained stable, and other lipids (high‐density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein a) did not change post donation.     

蛙血清小分子肽对大鼠脑缺血再灌注细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨蛙血清小分子肽对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后细胞凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白的作用,分析其可能的作用机制.方法 将雄性SD大鼠100只,按随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组和蛙血清小分子肽高(90 mg/kg)、中(30 mg/kg)、低(10 mg/kg)剂量组,每组20只.采用改良线栓法栓塞大鼠大脑中动脉建立大鼠缺血再灌注损伤模型,缺血2 h再灌注24 h,进行神经行为评分,后处死;采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡;采用免疫组化法检测B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl相关x蛋白(Bax)、细胞色素c(Cytc)、半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)的表达情况.结果 在神经行为评分上,假手术组为(0.00±0.00)分,模型组为(2.38±0.78)分,小分子肽高剂量组为(1.47±0.41)分,中剂量组为(1.68±0.52)分,低剂量组为(2.01±0.66)分,小分子肽高、中剂量组与模型组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在凋亡细胞计数上,假手术组为(3.37±1.10)个,模型组为(42.80±3.54)个,小分子肽高剂量组为(28.00±2.28)个,中剂量组为(32.40±3.26)个,低剂量组为(41.40±1.20)个,小分子肽高、中剂量组与模型组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Cytc、Caspase-3和Bcl-2表达上(个/高倍视野),假手术组分别为(3.01±1.12)、(2.58±1.74)、(2.34±1.37)、(65.42±3.65),模型组分别为(70.67±3.06)、(58.31±5.04)、(68.04±5.85)、(31.26±2.81),小分子肽高剂量组分别为(40.56±4.52)、(33.65±3.44)、(41.56±4.52)、(55.64±5.49),中剂量组分别为(47.29±5.04)、(38.09±4.24)、(47.29±5.04)、(48.33±4.26),低剂量组分别为(53.20±4.70)、(44.53±4.39)、(53.20±4.70)、(40.35±3.17),小分子肽高、中、低剂量组均能抑制Bax、Cytc、Caspase-3蛋白表达,增加Bcl-2蛋白表达,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以高剂量组效果最优,且存在量效依赖关系.结论 蛙血清小分子肽是通过增强Bcl-2蛋白表达和抑制Bax、Cytc、Caspase-3蛋白表达来减少神经元细胞凋亡数目,改善神经功能症状,保护脑缺血再灌注损伤.     

亲和毛细管整体柱在牛血清白蛋白与奈福泮对映体相互作用研究中的应用

利用胃蛋白酶键合的有机聚合物整体柱在电色谱中对手性药物奈福泮的拆分能力,采用前沿分析法同时对奈福泮的两个对映体与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用情况进行了考察。经过优化后建立的电色谱条件为:胃蛋白酶修饰的聚(甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)毛细管整体柱作为分离通道(32 cm×75 μm,有效长度22 cm),运行缓冲液为pH 5.5的15 mmol/L醋酸铵,样品溶剂为pH 7.4的50 mmol/L醋酸铵,运行电压为5.0 kV,电压进样10 kV×6 s,检测波长为215 nm。此时奈福泮两个对映体平台峰彼此完全分离,结合体系中BSA对对映体在电色谱中的分离和检测均无影响,测得两个对映体与BSA的结合常数分别为443和527 L/mol,结合位点数均为1.0,结合位点为Sudlow site Ⅱ。     

妊娠期接触糖皮质激素对子代大鼠心肌血清和糖皮质激素调节的蛋白激酶1表达和心脏功能的印迹效应

目的 揭示妊娠期暴露于糖皮质激素(glucocorticoids,GCs)对子代大鼠心脏功能的印迹效应,探索GCs对子代心肌保护性因子的调节作用及其可能机制.方法 构建妊娠后期GCs暴露大鼠模型,通过2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色观察子代心肌缺血再灌注损伤后的梗死程度;实时定量PCR检测心肌保护因子血清和糖皮质激素调节的蛋白激酶1(Sgk1)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)受体2(Crhr2)、CRH家族肽urocortin (Ucn)和Ucn2等基因的表达;蛋白质印迹分析检测SGK1蛋白的表达;亚硫酸氢盐处理后测序确定Sgk1基因启动子的甲基化水平.结果 妊娠期GCs暴露大鼠子代出生时和成年后体质量减轻(P＜0.01),子代雄性大鼠心肌对缺血再灌注损伤的耐受性下降(P＜0.01);SGK1的mRNA和蛋白在子代雄性大鼠心肌中的表达降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);Ucn和Ucn2在子代雌性大鼠心肌中的表达下降(P＜0.05);Sgk1基因启动子区域存在多个CpG岛,且近端CpG岛的甲基化水平在妊娠期GCs暴露的子代雄性大鼠心肌中升高(P＜0.01).结论 妊娠期GCs暴露可能通过下调心肌保护因子SGK1的表达对子代雄性大鼠心肌功能产生印迹效应,而Sgk1基因启动子区域CpG岛的高甲基化改变可能是介导GCs对Sgk1的印迹效应的重要机制.     

髋关节置换术后血沉、C反应蛋白、血清淀粉样蛋白A的定量分析及其临床意义

目的  检测红细胞沉降率（ESR）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）在人工髋关节置换术前后的临床反应参数,探讨3者在人工髋关节置换术后的临床意义。方法  选取人工髋关节置换术患者81例,动态监测术前、术后第1、3、5、7和14天及第1和3个月末血清ESR、CRP、SAA的浓度变化。结果  所有患者术后CRP、SAA值均升高,3 d达峰值,平均浓度分别为（125.35±40.43）和（284.54±87.11）mg/L,1个月后回落至正常水平。ESR第7天时达最大值,平均浓度为（68.41±27.51）mm/h,3个月末回落至正常水平。ESR、CRP、SAA术后呈峰状改变,相对ESR而言,CRP、SAA高峰出现早,回落周期短,稳定性好。结论  血清ESR、CRP及SAA水平的变化反映人工髋关节术后炎症反应严重程度。与ESR比较,CRP、SAA具有敏感性、准确性高的优点,联合3者的临床反应参数对早期髋关节置换术后感染判断具有一定的临床意义。