细节护理干预在感染性休克患者中的应用效果

目的探究细节护理干预在感染性休克患者中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2017年1月—2018年6月四川大学华西医院收治的感染性休克患者70例,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=35)和观察组(n=35)。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上给予细节护理干预。共干预两周。比较两组患者干预前后的临床疗效、血流动力学指标、健康状况及格拉斯格昏迷指数(GCS)评分。结果观察组感染性休克患者治疗有效率为88.57%,高于对照的65.71%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组住院时间、呼吸机使用时间、意识恢复时间、症状体征消失时间均短于对照组,血清C反应蛋白水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。干预后观察组患者心脏指数、平均动脉压和静脉血氧饱和度均高于对照组,心率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组患者健康状况评分低于对照组,GCS评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对感染性休克患者实施细节护理干预,可以改善患者生存质量,对血流动力学的影响较小,值得临床推广应用。     

依达拉奉对脓毒性休克大鼠心肌细胞损伤的作用

目的: 观察氧自由基清除剂依达拉奉(edaravone, ED)对脓毒性休克大鼠心脏功能和心肌损伤的作用. 方法: 在大鼠脓毒性休克后1 h用3个剂量ED (6.0, 3.0和1.5 mg/kg)治疗,测定休克后4个时相点平均血压(MAP)、左室收缩末期压力(LVESP)、左室舒张末期压力(LVEDP)、左室压力上升及下降最大变化速率(±dp/dtmax)等心功能指标;取心肌组织测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性和乳酸(LD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,并观察形态学改变. 结果: 与脓毒性休克组比较,ED可显著升高MAP,LVESP和±dp/dtmax,并使SOD,CAT活性增强以及MDA浓度降低接近对照组;组织学观察可见模型组心肌充血、水肿及炎性细胞浸润等,ED可明显改善以上形态学变化. 结论: ED具有抗脓毒性休克心功能不全的作用,其机制与减轻心肌损伤有关.     

Effect of methylene blue on hemodynamic and metabolic response in septic shock patients

Introduction:Septic shock is a lethal disease responsible for a large proportion of deaths in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), even with therapy centered on fluid resuscitation, use of vasopressors and empirical antibiotic therapy applied within the first hour of diagnosis. Considering the multifactorial pathophysiology of septic shock and the mechanism of action of vasopressors, some patients may not respond adequately, which can lead to the maintenance of vasodilatation, hypotension and increased morbidity, and mortality. This protocol aims to verify whether the use of methylene blue in septic patients with an early diagnosis can contribute to an earlier resolution of a shock compared to standard treatment.Methods and analysis:This is a study protocol for a single-center randomized clinical trial design in an ICU of a tertiary university hospital. In this study, we intend to include 64 patients aged between 18 and 80 years with a diagnosis of septic shock, of any etiology, with up to 72 hours of evolution after volume restoration, using norepinephrine at a dose ≥0.2 μg/kg/min and vasopressin at a dose of 0.04 IU/min. After the initial approach, we will randomize patients into two groups, standard care, and standard care plus methylene blue. The sample size was calculated in order to show 30% differences in septic shock resolution between groups. The Research Ethics Committee approved the study, and all patients included will sign an informed consent form (Clinical registration: RBR-96584w4).     

A case of acute septic arthritis of the hip joint caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive ST772 community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Acute septic arthritis (ASA) caused by Staphylococcus aureus can lead to fulminant arthritis and cause permanent joint destruction. In particular, infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) becomes intractable and severe owing to limitation of therapeutic drugs. Here, we report the case of a young patient with ASA without any record of overseas travel, who was infected by the Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Bengal-Bay clone, which is a predominant community-acquired MRSA in India.     

Vascularized Ribs in the Treatment of Posterior Instrumentation Infection after Thoracic Vertebrectomy. Case Report

Isolated vertebral mestastases can be successfully treated by surgical removal of the affected vertebral body and stabilization with alloplastic material. The bone union between the upper and lower vertebra is expected, yet a relatively high rate of a non-union has been reported. In case of infection, bone consolidation is altered, and removal of alloplastic material is recommended, which decreases spinal stability and is a devastating complication.This case report of delayed infection and exposure of posterior hardware after thoracic vertebrectomy without an interbody osseous union, authors present a successful treatment with vascularized rib flaps through an anterior approach followed by hardware removal.     

早期乳酸清除率与ICU严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者预后相关性的研究

目的：探讨早期乳酸清除率与ICU严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者预后的相关性。方法：选择2009-01-2012-03入住我院内科ICU的231例严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者,按预后分为生存组（139例）和死亡组（92例）,比较2组患者早期不同时段血乳酸清除率及APACHE Ⅱ评分;比较严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者早期不同时段血乳酸清除率及APACHE Ⅱ评分;早期不同时段乳酸清除率与APACHE Ⅱ评分进行相关回归分析。结果：2组患者入院时血乳酸、入院后6h及12h乳酸清除率、入院后各时段APACHEⅡ评分比较,差异有显著的统计学意义（P〈0.05及〈0.01）,入院后24h、48h和72h乳酸清除率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者入院后6h乳酸清除率的差异也有显著的统计学意义（P〈0.01）;入院后6h和12h乳酸清除率与同时段APACHEⅡ评分存在负性直线相关关系。结论：ICU严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者早期（入院后6h和12h）乳酸清除率对于判断其预后具有重要的临床意义。     

血presepsin对脓毒症诊断及病情判断的临床价值

目的探讨血可溶性白细胞分化抗原14亚型(sCD14-ST,presepsin)水平对脓毒症的诊断和病情判断的意义。方法对脓毒症患者72例、非感染全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患者23例、体检健康者20例,进行前瞻性研究。分别检测其入院时血presepsin、血清降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、乳酸(lactate)水平,WBC计数等,根据患者入院24 h内最差临床指标计算急性生理和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ),比较各组上述指标的差异。绘制ROC曲线并计算曲线下面积,比较各指标对脓毒症诊断的价值。根据患者病原体培养结果,对脓毒症患者分组,进行临床资料比较。根据疾病严重程度分组,比较各临床指标对脓毒症疾病严重程度的判断价值。结果脓毒症患者presepsin、PCT、CRP、WBC均明显高于健康人对照组及非感染SIRS组(P0.05)。presepsin的ROC曲线下面积(AUCROC)为0.975,以407 pg/mL为临界值,诊断脓毒症的敏感性为98.6%,特异性为90.7%。PCT、CRP、WBC的AUCROC分别为0.881、0.875和0.799。脓毒症革兰阳性菌感染组、革兰阴性菌感染组、细菌合并真菌感染组、真菌感染组的presepsin、PCT、CRP、WBC差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。脓毒症组、严重脓毒症组和脓毒性休克组presepsin水平逐渐升高,各组间比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 presepsin可作为脓毒症早期诊断的标志物之一,对脓毒症病情严重程度的判断有重要价值。     

前交叉韧带重建后的感染

背景：前交叉韧带重建后感染的发生率比较低,但这种感染会导致灾难性的结果,目前对这种感染的诊断和治疗还没有取得一致的意见。目的：探讨导致前交叉韧带重建术后感染的原因、如何早期诊断,并探讨合适的治疗方案,以尽量保护膝关节的功能。方法：以＂anterior cruciate ligament,reconstruction,infection＂为检索词,检索Pubmed数据库（2007至2012年）;以＂前交叉韧带,重建,感染＂为检索词,检索万方数据库（2007至2012年）。以与前交叉韧带重建后感染的相关文献为评价指标,纳入与前交叉韧带重建后感染相关的内容,排除重复研究。结果与结论：细菌污染手术工具或者韧带移植物是导致前交叉韧带重建后感染的最常见原因,移植物固定的方式和重建后感染之间可能有一定的关系。典型的前交叉韧带重建术后感染的症状和普通的化脓性关节炎的症状类似,但有的前交叉韧带重建后感染的病例并没有感染的典型表现。前交叉韧带重建后感染的诊断需要依靠临床症状、实验室检查（C-反应蛋白和血沉）、膝关节穿刺等方法。大多数外科医师选择静脉使用敏感的抗生素、膝关节灌洗并保留移植物作为自体移植物重建前交叉韧带后感染的首选治疗方法。当感染难以控制或者移植物看起来确实有感染迹象时应该考虑取出移植物。     

不同剂量乌司他丁治疗感染性休克的临床研究

【目的】研究不同剂量乌司他丁（UTI）对感染性休克患者的临床疗效。【方法】将60例感染性休克患者随机分为三组,每组20例。对照组（I组）予常规治疗;II组和Ⅲ组在常规治疗基础上分别加用UTI100kU和200kU静脉滴注,12h1次;均连用7d。检测三组患者治疗前及治疗1周后血浆降钙素原（PCT）、肿瘤坏死因子一cdTNF-a）、白介素一6（IL一6）的水平,记录休克恢复时间、平均住院天数和28d病死率,比较三组患者各指标间的差异。【结果】治疗前三组患者血浆各指标间差异无统计意义（P〉0．05）。治疗1周后Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者血浆PCT、TNF_口、IL一6的水平,休克恢复时间、平均住院天数和28d病死率明显低于I组（P〈0．01）;Ⅲ组患者各指标明显低于Ⅱ组（P〈O．01）。【结论】UTI能有效降低感染性休克患者血浆PCT水平,抑制过度的炎症反应,具有抗休克、降低平均住院天数和病死率的作用,且呈明显的量效关系。     

Pulmonary delivery of siRNA against acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome

The use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has been under investigation for the treatment of several unmet medical needs, including acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) wherein siRNA may be implemented to modify the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines at the mRNA level. The properties such as clear anatomy, accessibility, and relatively low enzyme activity make the lung a good target for local siRNA therapy. However, the translation of siRNA is restricted by the inefficient delivery of siRNA therapeutics to the target cells due to the properties of naked siRNA. Thus, this review will focus on the various delivery systems that can be used and the different barriers that need to be surmounted for the development of stable inhalable siRNA formulations for human use before siRNA therapeutics for ALI/ARDS become available in the clinic.