骨碎补内生菌Lecanicillium sp. GZWMJZ-847中3个新3-氢化萘特特拉姆酸衍生物

目的 研究骨碎补内生蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium sp. GZWMJZ-847的次级代谢产物和抑菌活性。方法 采用大米培养基对菌株Lecanicillium sp. GZWMJZ-847发酵;采用凝胶柱色谱、正反相硅胶色谱等方法对化合物进行分离纯化;采用核磁共振谱、质谱、NMR计算等方法确定化合物的化学结构;采用营养肉汤稀释法测试化合物对病原细菌及酵母菌的抑菌活性、平板法测试化合物对病原霉菌的抑菌活性。结果 从菌株的发酵产物中分离鉴定了3个新的和3个已知的3-氢化萘特特拉姆酸衍生物,包括蜡蚧特特拉姆酸A（1）、蜡蚧特特拉姆酸B（2）、蜡蚧特特拉姆酸C（3）、Sch 210971（4）、Sch 210972（5）、Sch 213766（6）。化合物1和4～6对4株人体革兰阳性病原菌和1株植物革兰阴性病原菌具有抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度（minimun inhibitory concentration,MIC）为7.8～125 mmol/L。化合物6对油菜菌核病菌和小麦赤霉病菌表现出一定的抑制作用,半数抑制浓度分别为（22.05±0.62）、（55.54±1.72）μg/mL。结论 蜡蚧特特拉姆酸A～C（1～3）为新的3-氢化萘特特拉姆酸衍生物,骨碎补内生菌Lecanicillium sp. GZWMJZ-847产生的3-氢化萘特特拉姆酸对人体病原菌和植物病原菌可表现出抑制作用。     

参与连翘苯丙烷合成途径的WRKY转录因子的筛选与鉴定

目的 筛选出参与连翘Forsythia suspensa苯丙烷合成途径的WRKY转录因子并进行生物信息学分析。方法 通过对从连翘转录组数据中筛选出的62条连翘WRKY基因序列进行鉴定;通过采用蛋白理化性质和基序分析、蛋白结构分析、系统进化分析、功能注释、蛋白互作分析、外源激素处理后实时荧光定量分析等方式进行相关分析。结果 最终筛选出52条具有WRKY结构域的连翘WRKY转录因子。WRKY转录因子编码蛋白的氨基酸数目在105～728,相对分子质量在12277.95～80 321.99。蛋白基序分析显示其均有WRKY结构域,与拟南芥WRKY转录因子构建系统进化树将连翘52个WRKY转录因子进一步分为3大类;筛选出5个可能参与连翘苯丙烷合成途径的连翘WRKY转录因子,并推测其可能以被MAPK级联反应所调控的方式介导连翘中苯丙烷合成途径。结论 通过分析转录组测序结果,从52个连翘WRKY转录因子中筛选出5个可能参与连翘苯丙烷合成途径的转录因子,其表现出组织特异性表达,且对不同浓度茉莉酸甲脂表现出不同的响应,为进一步研究其作用机制提供研究方向。     

The sorptivity and durability of gelling fibre dressings tested in a simulated sacral pressure ulcer system

Wound‐dressing performances are affected by exudate viscosity, resistance to flow because of gravity, and bodyweight loads, the level of which is related to the body position. Here, we focussed on two dressing properties: (a) Sorptivity—the ability of dressings to transfer exudate away from the wound bed by capillary action—and (b) Durability—the capacity of dressings to maintain their integrity over time and during their removal. Both properties are critically important for avoiding further tissue damage but require the development of new laboratory tests for their measurement. A computer‐controlled phantom of an exuding sacral pressure ulcer has therefore been developed and used to compare the performances of Exufiber (Mölnlycke Health Care) vs an alternative market‐leading dressing. Sorptivity was determined using weight tests, and durability was measured through tensile tests of the used dressings. For a supine configuration, the Exufiber dressing demonstrated ~three times higher sorptivity and better durability, withstanding ~five times greater strain energy than the other product before failure occurred. This work paves the way for quantitative, standardised testing of dressings in all aspects of exudate management. The reported tests are further suitable for testing dressing combinations or how dressings interact with negative pressure wound therapy.     

拉萨市中小学生卫生应急素养的现况调查及影响因素分析

目的 初步了解拉萨市中小学生的卫生应急健康素养的水平现况,为制定提升中小学生卫生应急素养的综合干预措施提供参考依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法在拉萨市抽取三所学校进行自制卫生应急知识的问卷调查。结果 拉萨市中小学生卫生应急素养的合格率仅为12.62%。其中,卫生应急相关知识和灾害应急知识的合格率分别为44.79%、 12.36%。性别、民族、老师传播健康知识的渠道是卫生应急素养的主要因素。电视、老师和父母亲友告知是目前最广泛也是最受欢迎的健康知识传播渠道。结论 拉萨市中小学生的卫生应急素养水平整体较低,需要对小学生和藏族予以重点关注。为提升其卫生应急素养水平,需要将学校老师、专业指导人员、学生父母等作为传播主体,学校作为主要阵地,家庭和社会公共空间作为辅助阵地、建立多元传播渠道等以开展综合性卫生应急健康教育。     

安徽省2010—2019年9～18岁中小学生超重与肥胖流行趋势分析

目的 了解安徽省 2010—2019年中小学生超重和肥胖的流行趋势,为制定有效的干预措施提供依据。方法 于2010年、2014年和2019年分别采用分层整群随机抽样的方法获取安徽省在校中小学生有效数据7459份、8789份和5821份,应用中国肥胖工作组(WGOC) “中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查BMI分类标准”进行筛查,比较超重和肥胖变化情况。结果 2019年安徽省9～18岁中小学生的超重、肥胖检出率分别为15.3%和10.0%,男生超重、肥胖检出率分别为18.4%和13.0%,女生超重、肥胖检出率分别为12.2%和7.1%;城市学生超重、肥胖检出率分别为 16.3%和12.3%,乡村学生超重、肥胖检出率分别为14.2%和7.7%。2010—2019 年安徽省 9～18 岁中小学生超重、肥胖检出率表现出持续增长的趋势。结论 2010—2019年安徽省9～18岁中小学生超重、肥胖检出率处于增长趋势,超重、肥胖检出率存在性别及城乡差异。     

酵母重组乙型肝炎疫苗在中小学生中接种效果评价

目的 评价中小学生大规模乙型肝炎疫苗接种效果。方法 随机选取来实行乙型肝炎疫苗计划免疫管理的6－18岁中小学生1829名,采用血清流行病学方法观测大规模酵母重组乙型肝炎疫苗接种效果。结果 对HBsAg、抗－HBs和抗－HBc全阴性者,接种疫苗1年后,抗－HBs阳性率为70．55％,HBsAg和抗-HBc阳性率分别为0．56％和1．96％;该人群接种前HBVM阳性率为63．31％,接种后为85．51％,抗－HBs阳性率显著增高,且以6－12岁低年龄组人群更明显,而HBsAg和抗－HBc阳性率在接种后1年无明显变化。结论 酵母重组乙型肝炎疫苗大规模接种后,在中小学生中形成了乙型肝炎高保护性、低感染状态。     

实验性面神经麻痹次级突触间隙扫描电镜观察

目的：探讨面神经麻痹面肌运动点的兴奋性与运动科板次级突触间隙的关系方法岙神经麻痹模型,应用盐酸消化法制作口轮匝肌招揽世镜标本者观察。结果：压１０ｓ组镒级突触间隙隙沟数量比对照侧减少而变浅。压榨３０ｓ组次级突触间隙隙沟明显减少平坦。结论：运动点失神经支配程度表明次级突触间隙病变程度,也表明面神经受损伤程度。     

肝脏转移瘤的CT分析

目的　阐述肝脏转移瘤的 CT表现 ,探讨 CT检查的价值。方法回顾 90例肝脏转移瘤的CT资料分析肝脏转移瘤的数目、大小、密度、边界形态、在肝内的分布 ,肝脏及脾脏的大小 ,以及原发肿瘤的同时显示等多种表现。结果 65例 ,占 72 %转移瘤病灶数目在 3个以上 ,在肝内呈弥漫性分布 ;6例 ,占 7%有 2个病灶 ;19例 ,占 2 1%只有 1个病灶 ;其中 2 9个病灶位于靠近肝脏边缘的肝实质内。肿瘤大小由 0 .5～ 14cm不等。 87例肿瘤密度低于肝实质 ;3例肝脂肪变 ,肿瘤密度高于肝实质。 4 4例肿瘤内出现坏死。 31例呈弥漫多发病灶致肝脏增大变形 ;2 6例单发及两个病灶者 ,肝脏形态正常。 4 5例 CT检查同时发现原发肿瘤。结论肝脏转移瘤表现多样各异 ,以弥漫多发大小不等为常见。CT尤其可以发现临床尚属隐匿期的肝转移瘤。     

Bone scan of hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism before and after parathyroidectomy

Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) accompanied by long-term hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure includes several forms of disorders of mineral and skeletal metabolism such as osteitis fibrosa attributed to secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalasia and adynamic bone disease. Bone scan is performed to detect of the mainly pathophysiology of ROD. We investigated bone scan of 25 hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism diagnosed clinically before and after parathyroidectomy (PTX). Before PTX an diffusely high accumulation of bone seeking agent in the whole skeleton especially skull in all patients (100%), vertebra in 24 out of 25 (96%), patella in 24/25 (96%), limbs in 23/25 (92%), sternum in 19/25 (76%), sacrum in 18/25 (72%) and costochondral junctions in 14/25 (56%) was noted in these patients. The radionuclide activity of the calvaria, maxilla and mandible in the skull was prominently high. Fourteen patients had an equally high activity in the calvaria, maxilla and mandible, 6 patients had higher activity in the maxilla and mandible than that of calvaria and 5 patients had higher in the calvaria than that of maxilla and mandible. After PTX the changes in the skull were obvious in 19 patients who showed a more markedly decreased in activity of the maxilla and mandible than that of the calvaria. In 3 patients showed a more markedly decreased in activity of the calvaria than that of the maxilla and mandible. Another 3 demonstrated equally decreased in activity in the calvaria, maxilla and mandible. It became clear that the highest activity of the skull was shown in all patients and the therapeutic changes of the skull are the most pronounced in maxilla and mandible in this study.     

Empowering family and friends: a new approach to the secondary prevention of addiction

This paper presents a typology and transactional model of how close relatives cope with excessive drinking, drug-taking or gambling in the family. These are illustrated with four examples taken from a series of research projects in which relatives have been interviewed to understand better how they react and respond. Such information is the groundwork for a World Health Organization initiative to help primary health care workers respond to the needs of relatives. The philosophy behind this initiative, and the steps that primary health care workers might take, are outlined. It is proposed that such workers can help close relatives to find the best coping methods in their circumstances, and that this approach might constitute an important, and hitherto neglected, form of secondary prevention.