藏药螃蟹甲中苯乙醇苷对模型大鼠急性高原脑水肿的改善作用

目的:研究藏药螃蟹甲中苯乙醇苷(PhGCs)对模型大鼠急性高原脑水肿的改善作用。方法:60只Wistar大鼠随机分为常氧空白(等容灭菌注射用水)组、缺氧模型(等容灭菌注射用水)组、地塞米松(4 mg/kg)组与PhGCs高、中、低剂量(400、200、50mg/kg)组。复制模型前6 d ig给药,ig给药第4 d起除常氧空白组外,其余各组大鼠均置于模拟海拔8 000 m的高原环境,连续缺氧暴露72 h以复制大鼠高原脑水肿模型。苏木精-伊红染色后光镜下观察大鼠脑组织病理改变;干湿质量法测定大鼠脑含水量;测定大鼠脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性;酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定大鼠血清中与脑组织中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量。结果:与常氧空白组比较,缺氧模型组大鼠脑组织出现明显水肿,细胞和血管周围腔隙增宽,可见炎性细胞浸润;大鼠脑含水量增加;大鼠脑组织MDA含量增加,SOD、GSH活性减弱;大鼠血清与脑组织IL-1β、TNF-α含量增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。与缺氧模型组比较,PhGCs高、中、低剂量组大鼠脑组织炎症细胞浸润程度减轻,脑含水量减少;PhGCs高、中剂量组大鼠脑组织MDA含量减少,SOD、GSH活性增强,大鼠血清与脑组织IL-1β、TNF-α含量减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:PhGCs能明显减轻由急性缺氧所致大鼠急性脑损伤状态,对模型大鼠急性高原脑水肿有一定改善作用。     

Protection of immunocompromised mice from fungal infection with a thymus growth-stimulatory component from Selaginella involvens,a fern

Context:?Recent studies have shown that the water extract of Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring, a wild fern, exhibits thymus growth-stimulatory activity in adult mice (reversal of involution of thymus) and remarkable anti-lipid peroxidation activity. Follow-up studies were carried out in the present study.

Materials and Methods:?Activity-guided isolation of the active component (AC) was carried out. The effect of AC on immune function was studied using fungal (Aspergillus fumigatus) challenge in cortisone-treated mice. The in vitro antifungal activity of AC was assayed using disc diffusion assay. In vitro and in vivo effect of AC on DNA synthesis in thymus was studied using ³H-thymidine incorporation. In in vitro anti-lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical scavenging and inhibition of superoxide production were assayed.

Results:?The active principle/component (AC) was isolated in a chromatographically pure form from the water extract of S. involvens. AC showed positive reaction to glycosides. AC possessed both thymus growth-stimulatory and antioxidant properties. It protected cortisone-treated mice from A. fumigatus challenge. It did not exhibit in vitro antifungal activity. Increased ³H-thymidine incorporation was observed in the reticuloepithelium of thymus obtained from AC-treated mice. However, in vitro AC treatment to thymus for 5?h did not result in an increase in ³H-thymidine incorporation.

Discussion and conclusion:?AC (named as Selagin), from S. involvens, could reverse involution of thymus to a large extent, exhibit remarkable antioxidant activity, and protect immunocompromised mice from fungal infection. Therefore, it is very promising for the development of a drug to ameliorate old age-related health problems and prolong lifespan.     

二苯乙烯苷和远志总皂苷配伍对Aβ25-35诱导PC12细胞损伤的影响

目的探讨二苯乙烯苷(tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside,TSG)和远志总皂苷(Tenuigenin,TEN)配伍对Aβ25-35诱导的PC12细胞损伤的影响。方法PC12细胞除空白组外运用Aβ25-35诱导建立阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)模型,被随机分成模型组、TSG(200 mmol/L)组、TEN组(100 mg/L)、TSG-TEN配伍组(TSG200 mmol/L+TEN100 mg/L)、多奈哌齐组(10μmol/L)。采用MTT比色法检测各组细胞存活率;取细胞上清液分别测各组的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力;统计各组的细胞分化率。结果(1)细胞存活率的高低为:TSG-TEN组>TSG组>多奈哌齐组>TEN组(P<0.01);TSG组、TEN组、多奈哌齐组均低于TSG-TEN配伍组(P<0.01,P<0.05);(2)与模型组比较,TSG组、TEN组、TSG-TEN配伍组可降低LDH含量、MDA含量、抑制AchE活力及增强SOD活力(P<0.05)。且TSG-TEN配伍组对降低LDH含量、MDA含量、抑制AchE活力及增强SOD活力效应比TSG或TEN单用组效应更好(P<0.01);(3)PC12细胞的分化率高低为:TSG-TEN组>多奈哌齐组>TSG组>TEN组(P<0.01,P<0.05);TSG组、TEN组、多奈哌齐组均低于TSG-TEN配伍组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论TSG和TEN配伍对Aβ25-35诱导的PC12细胞损伤具有显著的协同保护作用,其作用机制可能与改善胆碱能系统、抗氧化应激、降低突触可塑性损伤有关,且TSG优于TEN。     

7月龄及16月龄APP/PS1/tau三转基因小鼠脑内突触相关蛋白的变化及山茱萸环烯醚萜苷的影响

目的 探讨不同月龄APP/PS1/tau三转基因（3×Tg）小鼠脑内突触相关蛋白及其影响因素的变化,为选择合适时程的3×Tg小鼠进行阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer's disease,AD）研究提供参考数据;并且研究山茱萸环烯醚萜苷（cornel iridoid glycoside,CIG）对模型小鼠脑内突触相关蛋白的影响,从而明确其对不同月龄的模型动物的作用特点,为阐明CIG改善AD样认知障碍机制提供实验依据。方法 7月龄小鼠3×Tg小鼠给予200 mg/kg CIG至9月龄,16月龄3×Tg小鼠给予100或200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 CIG至18月龄;采用新物体识别实验检测CIG对学习记忆的影响;采用Western blotting方法检测突触相关蛋白synapsin-1、synaptophysin和synaptotagmin的表达,淀粉样前体蛋白（amyloid precurson protein,APP）及相关代谢酶α分泌酶（recombinant a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10,ADAM10）、β分泌酶（β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1,BACE1）、早老素1（presenilin-1,PS1）、胰岛素降解酶（insulin degrading enzyme,IDE）的表达,tau蛋白在pSer404及pSer199/202位点的磷酸化水平。结果 7月龄3×Tg模型小鼠与对照组小鼠相比,物体识别分辨指数无明显变化,主要突触相关蛋白synapsin-1、synaptophysin和synaptotagmin的表达没有差异,CIG给药未对3×Tg模型小鼠分辨指数及脑内突触相关蛋白产生影响;16月龄3×Tg小鼠物体识别分辨指数明显降低,synapsin-1在脑内表达水平均相比对照组下降,而给予CIG治疗后不仅能够提高转基因小鼠的分辨指数,而且明显提升synapsin-1的表达。7月龄3×Tg小鼠模型与对照组全长APP、ADAM10、BACE1、PS1、IDE及tau蛋白磷酸化水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 突触相关蛋白在不同月龄3×Tg小鼠脑内表达差异较大,CIG对不同月龄3×Tg小鼠脑内突触相关蛋白的表达及认知功能存在不同作用特点。     

黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦和雷公藤多苷对早期糖尿病肾病患者临床研究

目的：探讨黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦和雷公藤多苷对早期糖尿病肾病患者临床研究。方法：选择我院于2017年5月至2019年5月期间收治的早期糖尿病肾病患者142例,依据随机表法随机分为观察组71例与对照组71例。对照组患者采用缬沙坦联合雷公藤多苷片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合黄葵胶囊。两组疗程均为12周。比较两组治疗疗效,治疗前后尿白蛋白排泄率(UAFR)和肾功能、炎症因子、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、肾损伤因子-1(Kim-1)和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(NGAL)变化,及不良反应。结果：观察组总有效率(91.55%)高于对照组(76.06%)(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后UAFR、Scr和BUN水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后TNF-α、MCP-1和IL-6水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后TGF-β1、Kim-1和NGAL水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应(11.27%)少于对照组(28.17%)(P<0.05)。结论：黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦和雷公藤多苷对早期糖尿病肾病患者疗效良好,可改善患者肾功能,减轻炎症反应,下调TGF-β1、Kim-1和NGAL水平,且无明显不良反应,用药安全性良好。     

雷公藤多苷肝毒性发生机制及减毒相关研究进展

雷公藤多苷是一种从植物雷公藤中提取出的有效组分,具有免疫抑制、抗炎等作用,临床上多用于治疗风湿性关节炎和肾病综合征等。在雷公藤多苷众多不良反应中,其肝脏相关不良反应尤为显著。针对雷公藤多苷的肝毒性作用,总结近十年对雷公藤多苷肝毒性作用及机制的研究进展,并对其毒性物质基础进行了分析,对相应的配伍减毒药物以及其保护机制进行了总结分析,为雷公藤多苷的临床合理使用及配伍减毒提供文献和理论依据。     

亚麻叶白千层化学成分研究

目的研究亚麻叶白千层Melaleucalinariifolia枝、叶中的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、SephadexLH-20、ODS、以及Pre-HPLC等现代分离方法进行系统地分离纯化,并根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。采用CCK8法初步评价化合物1～6对6种肿瘤细胞(人肺腺癌NCI-H441细胞、人大细胞肺癌NCI-H460细胞、人肺癌A549细胞、人卵巢腺癌SKOV3细胞、人宫颈癌HeLa细胞和人肾透明细胞癌caki-1细胞)的体外细胞增殖抑制活性。结果从亚麻叶白千层醋酸乙酯部位分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为3-O-乙酰熊果酸(1)、3β-acetoxy-11-ursen-13α,30-olide(2)、betulinal(3)、diospyrolide(4)、3β-O-(E)-cumaroyl-alphitolinsaeure(5)、3',4'-二羟基肉桂酸白桦脂酸酯(6)、熊果醇(7)、白桦脂醇(8)、豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(9)、5,7,4'-三羟基黄酮3-O-α-L-毗喃鼠李糖苷(10)、山柰酚-3-O-(6′′-没食子酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)、α-生育酚(12)、methoxytocopherol(13)、α-tocopherolquinone(14)、植醇(15)。CCK8测试结果显示,化合物1、3、5、6对人类肿瘤细胞显示出中等强度的增殖抑制作用。结论所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物2、4、5、9～11、13、14为首次从该属植物中分离得到。化合物1、3、5、6对人类肿瘤细胞表现出一定的细胞毒活性,半数抑制浓度(IC50)值在3.85～25.63μmol/L。     

中药石斛黄酮活性成分研究进展

石斛是益胃生津,滋阴补虚的中药,有提高免疫力、抗氧化等功效,含有丰富的黄酮活性成分,具有较高保健价值。从多个石斛中共分离得到89个黄酮活性成分,主要分为黄酮类、黄烷酮类、黄酮醇类3种。其中黄酮类成分40个,苷元类型主要为芹菜素和圣金草素;黄烷酮类成分20个;黄酮醇类成分15个,苷元类型主要为山柰酚和槲皮素。铁皮石斛及个别种还含有二氢黄酮醇类、花色素类、查尔酮类等黄酮类型成分。含有黄酮活性成分的石斛属植物有34个种,铁皮石斛含38个黄酮成分,霍山石斛含28个黄酮成分,紫皮石斛(齿瓣石斛)含19个黄酮成分,大苞鞘石斛含12个黄酮成分,球花石斛含有5个黄酮成分,叠鞘石斛和棒节石斛各含有4个黄酮活性成分。霍山石斛中含有大量以芹菜素为苷元的黄酮活性成分,紫皮石斛中含有多数以山柰酚或槲皮素为苷元的黄酮活性成分。常见的黄酮活性成分有柚皮素、槲皮素、芦丁等,具有抗氧化、降血糖、可改善血液循环、降低胆固醇,对心血管系统具有保护作用等药理活性作用。笔者拟对中药石斛黄酮活性成分的数量、类型、生理功能等研究现状进行了综述,以期推动药用石斛业内对石斛黄酮的关注,有助于挖掘石斛属植物在药效、食品领域的价值。     

桂林产银杏叶最佳采收期的研究

目的通过对桂林地区的银杏叶Ginkgo Folium一年内的总黄酮苷与总内酯量检测,分析总黄酮和总内酯的比例变化规律,找到最佳"酮酯比",为确定桂林地区银杏叶药材的最佳采收期提供科学的实验依据。方法使用回流提取法提取样品中总黄酮苷和总内酯,使用HPLC法对其进行定量分析,色谱柱为Ultimate XB-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);总黄酮测定采用甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液(48∶52)为流动相;测波长360 nm;体积流量1.0 m L/min。总内酯测定以甲醇-四氢呋喃-水(25∶10∶65)为流动相;蒸发光散射检测器检测;体积流量0.6 m L/min。结果桂林地区产银杏叶药材,在1年内不同采收期银杏叶总黄酮苷和总内酯量差异较大,但8月份2种有效部位量均较高,二者量比例最小。结论 8月份为桂林地区银杏叶的最佳采收季节,为指导桂林产银杏叶的采收提供实验依据。     

A mouse model of premature ovarian insufficiency induced by tripterygium glycoside via subcutaneous injection

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a main cause of infertility and affects nearly 1% women under 40 years old. This study was aimed to utilize the side effects of tripterygium glycoside (TG) to induce a mouse model of POI. 48 female KM mice were divided into four groups: control, oral, intraperitoneal injection and subcutaneous injection group. The mice in last three groups were treated with TG (50 mg•kg^-1) daily for 35 days, while the mice in control group were treated with parallel volume of sterile water. Vaginal smears were taken to monitor the estrous cycles and estrous frequency for the last 21 days. Ovarian and uterine index and histomorphological change were determined when finished the administration. Serum levels of FSH were assessed by ELISA. Ki-67 expression in the uterus was analyzed from using immunohistochemical detection. And the apoptosis of follicle cells were detected by TUNEL assay. The results showed that mice in subcutaneous injection group presented the critical manifestations with significantly prolonged estrous cycles, decreased estrous frequency, reduced ovarian and uterine index, and increased serum FSH levels. At this dose level, TG could reduce developing follicles and corpus luteum, and increase atretic follicles, which might be induced by the increasing levels of follicle apoptosis. The proliferation index of uterus, evaluated by histomorphological changes and the expression of Ki-67, was significantly suppressed in TG treated animals. These data suggested that TG was feasible to induce a mice model via subcutaneous injection which could mimic the manifestations of POI.