Effects of transforming growth factor beta-1 and all-trans-retinoic acid on androgen-induced development of neonatal mouse bulbourethral glands in vitro

Effects of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) and all-trans-retinoic acid (All-trans-RA) on development of bulbourethral glands (BUGs) of neonatal mice were investigated in vitro. BUGs from 0-day-old male mice were cultured for 6 days in serum-free, chemically defined medium containing transferrin and bovine serum albumin, supplemented with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 10-8 M) and insulin (10 microg/mL) alone or in combination. Prior to culture, BUGs from 0-day-old mice consisted of a simple epithelial rudiment encapsulated by mesenchyme. Epithelial growth and ductal branching occurred in BUGs cultured in medium containing DHT and insulin or DHT alone, but epithelial branching did not occur in BUGs cultured in the presence of insulin alone. Addition of TGF-beta1 at concentrations of > 5 ng/mL (0.2 x 10-9 M) to medium containing both insulin and DHT, inhibited the expected increase in overall size of BUGs, epithelial area and ductal branching in a dose-dependent manner. TGF-beta1 also decreased [3H]-thymidine labelling indices of both epithelium and mesenchyme. TGF-beta1 at 10 ng/mL elicited these inhibitory effects on BUGs cultured in medium containing DHT alone. Addition of All-trans-RA (10-8 to 10-6 M) to the medium containing DHT plus insulin, or DHT alone did not exert significant effects on either overall size of BUGs or epithelial growth and ductal branching. All-trans-RA at 10-6 M decreased the [3H]-thymidine labelling index of mesenchyme of BUGs cultured in medium with DHT plus insulin or DHT alone, but did not decrease the [3H]-thymidine labelling index of epithelium. The present results indicate that TGF-beta1 inhibits androgen-induced epithelial and mesenchymal growth as well as epithelial morphogenesis of BUGs from neonatal mice. Such an inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 is not mimicked by All-trans-RA at physiological concentrations.     

Primary pleomorphic adenoma in posterior cranial fossa

A 35-year-old woman had an intradural tumor in the posterior fossa adjacent to the posterior wall of the left pyramidal bone, which was totally removed and histologically diagnosed as a pleomorphic adenoma. Follow-up examination for 2 years showed no recurrence of the tumor. There was no primary lesion in any other gland of the body, and therefore there is no alternative but to conclude a “migration” of some gland cells. The pathogenesis of this tumor remains unclassified.     

皮脂腺细胞体外培养及生长调节的研究进展

皮脂腺是皮肤重要的附属器。皮脂腺体外培养模型的建立为研究相关因子如细胞因子、生长激素及药物等对皮脂腺形态功能、生长发育及病理改变的作用提供了良好的平台。本文对皮脂腺细胞体外培养的实验方法、体外生长特性及影响皮脂腺细胞增殖分化的相关因素作简要综述。     

Malignant transformation of nevus sebaceous to basal-cell carcinoma: Case series,literature review,and management algorithm

Nevus sebaceous (NS) is a common congenital hamartoma of the skin composed predominantly of sebaceous glands. Although most NS are benign skin tumors, malignant transformations have been reported. There is still controversy about the lifetime risk of malignant degeneration and precise surgical criteria. This study reports cases of malignant degeneration and suggests a surgical treatment algorithm. The medical records of patients with basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) arising from NS between January 2001 and January 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics including lesion location, and tumor size were investigated. The symptoms, histological findings before and after excision, complications, and recurrence during 2-year follow-up periods were investigated. Ten patients were identified with BCC arising from NS lesions. All patients were female and the mean age was 52.11 years. All patients complained of sudden morphological changes, the most common type being rapid color changes. Two cases had histological findings that showed a miss-match between punch biopsy and excisional biopsy results. No recurrence was detected 2 years after surgeries in any patients. Cases after third stage, especially in over 40 years who report morphologic changes, should undergo total surgical excision as the first approach, with strong suspicion of malignant degeneration.     

Tear film lipid layer thickness measurement from Ocular Surface Analyzer as a marker to monitor treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction in a study comparing physiological detergent-free eyelid wipes with conventional therapy: A randomized trial

Purpose:To compare the efficacy of physiological, non-detergent eyelid wipes with conventional lid hygiene in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).Methods:Fifty participants with MGD were recruited and randomized into two groups. Participants in group I used Evolve Pure™ Eyewipes twice a day to clean the eyelid debris along with standard therapy (antibiotic and lubricants) and participants in group II followed lid hygiene with warm compresses along with standard therapy. Symptoms, ocular surface assessment (lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear film breakup time, and meibography), slit-lamp biomicroscopy (eyelash contamination, meibomian gland blockage, meibomian gland secretion, and meibomian gland telangiectasia) and tear film osmolarity were noted at baseline and 90 days after therapy.Results:Significant improvement in symptoms and signs of MGD was observed in both groups after treatment (P < 0.001); however, the clinical improvement was better with the use of eyelid wipes. Lipid layer thickness increased significantly in group I (P = 0.0006) and group II (P = 0.0002), which was maintained even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, and severity score of symptoms and signs.Conclusion:Lipid layer thickness of the tear film is a sensitive marker in monitoring response to treatment in patients with MGD. The use of physiological detergent-free eyelid wipes is non-inferior to lid hygiene and warm compresses, which remains the mainstay for treatment of MGD; the clinical improvement with eyelid wipes was noted to be better.     

Clinical and histopathological profile of primary caruncular lesions

Purpose:To provide a retrospective analysis of lesions of the caruncle which have been very rarely reported in the literature.Methods:A retrospective review of all the caruncular lesions between January 2000 and January 2020 was done at a single tertiary eye care hospital. The lesions were classified as benign and malignant lesions. Clinicopathological correlation was done for the excised lesions.Results:A total of 87 caruncular lesions were included in the study. Males (59%) were affected more than females (41%). The mean age at presentation was 44 ± 20 years. The mean duration of complaint was 36 ± 62 months. A total of 36 patients underwent surgical excision whereas the rest opted for conservative management. Recurrence was noted in five patients. Fifteen different types of lesions were identified histopathologically. Benign lesions (78%) were far more common than malignant ones (22%). Epithelial inclusion cyst was the most common benign lesion and sebaceous gland carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion. Correct clinicopathological correlation was seen in 52.7% of the cases. Caruncular tuberculosis, oncocytoma, and basosquamous cell carcinoma were some of the rare lesions.Conclusion:Caruncular lesions are uncommon and very diverse, which makes clinical diagnosis challenging. Epithelial inclusion cyst and sebaceous gland carcinoma were the most common benign and malignant lesions respectively. Correct clinicopathological correlation was seen in more than half of the cases.     

122例非甲状腺来源的颈部囊性肿块临床分析

目的：探讨各种非甲状腺来源的颈部囊性肿块的特点,提高颈部肿块术前诊断的准确性,降低手术的盲目性和风险。方法：回顾性分析1999～2005年收治的非甲状腺来源的颈部囊性肿块122例。结果：资料表明,非甲状腺来源的颈部囊性肿块以先天性来源肿块最为多见,共84例,其中最常见的是甲状舌管囊肿;其次是感染性肿块30例,其中颌下腺囊肿25例;肿瘤来源最少见,共8例。主要根据肿块发生时间的长短,肿块的位置,颈部囊性肿块特异性表现和辅助检查来进行术前诊断。发现肿块的位置没有特殊性。根据某些肿块特征性的体征和穿刺检查,可明确诊断。结论：对非甲状腺来源的颈部囊性肿块,术前尽可能的明确诊断能有效地减少手术盲目性,降低手术并发症。     

Ki-67 Labeling Index as a Marker of Malignancy in Ocular Surface Neoplasms

Purpose To evaluate the relationships among histopathological type, clinical malignant grade, and Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC), conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), with pterygium and normal conjunctiva as controls.Methods This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. We used tissue specimens obtained from 20 patients (four SGC, four SCC, four CIN, four pterygium, and four normal conjunctiva). Ki-67 immunohistochemical analysis was performed in all 20 cases.Results The Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was 46.1 ± 3.0% (average ± SD) in SGC, 28.4 ± 4.5% in SCC, 20.0 ± 7.2% in CIN, 9.0 ± 2.2% in pterygium, and 6.8 ± 2.3% in normal conjunctiva. Ki-67 LI was significantly (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.05) higher in SGC than in SCC, and higher, but not significantly, in SCC than in CIN. Ki-67 LI was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in SCC and CIN than in pterygium.Conclusions These results suggest that Ki-67 LI may be a sensitive marker for ocular malignant tumor grading. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004;48:524–529 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2004     

Association of dyslipidemia with severity of meibomian gland dysfunction in a tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand region

AIM: To analyse the association between dyslipidemia and severity of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand region. METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year including 50 consecutive patients of MGD. Patients underwent detailed history (including Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire) and examination (including meibum quality, expressibility and numerical staining). MGD was graded according to the guidelines submitted by the International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Management in 2011. Fasting lipid profile of all the patients was done. Various parameters of lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were correlated with MGD severity. Chi-square test was done for statistical analysis (P<0.05). RESULTS: Stage 2 MGD was the most common disease entity (60%, n=30). A significant positive correlation was noted between increasing age and severity of MGD (P=0.004). High TC (>200 mg/dL), TG (>150 mg/dL), LDL (>130 mg/dL) and VLDL (>22 mg/dL) levels had a significant positive correlation with the severity of MGD (P=0.001, 0.019, 0.001, 0.016 respectively). CONCLUSION: Monitoring the fasting lipid levels may aid in establishing the severity of MGD and further studies may be conducted to establish the role of treatment of dyslipidemia in MGD.     

临床护理干预在乳腺纤维瘤手术中的应用

目的探究临床护理干预在乳腺纤维瘤手术中的应用,总结临床护理干预的重点。方法选择100例乳腺纤维瘤患者,对其进行手术临床护理干预,分析术前、术后的护理重点。结果 100例患者,16例患者在手术过程中放置引流条,通过临床护理干预,拔除引流条时间最短为18 h,最长为超过36 h。16例患者拔除引流条的平均时间为25 h。100例患者,进行临床护理干预,手术切口一期愈合为97例,愈合率为97.0%。结论对乳腺纤维瘤患者,需要做好临床护理,提高成功率,值得临床推广。