全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12503篇 |
免费 | 787篇 |
国内免费 | 226篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 546篇 |
儿科学 | 146篇 |
妇产科学 | 101篇 |
基础医学 | 2300篇 |
口腔科学 | 1383篇 |
临床医学 | 883篇 |
内科学 | 1050篇 |
皮肤病学 | 418篇 |
神经病学 | 551篇 |
特种医学 | 577篇 |
外国民族医学 | 4篇 |
外科学 | 1256篇 |
综合类 | 1465篇 |
现状与发展 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 314篇 |
眼科学 | 767篇 |
药学 | 653篇 |
7篇 | |
中国医学 | 317篇 |
肿瘤学 | 777篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 33篇 |
2023年 | 153篇 |
2022年 | 348篇 |
2021年 | 440篇 |
2020年 | 375篇 |
2019年 | 353篇 |
2018年 | 360篇 |
2017年 | 343篇 |
2016年 | 359篇 |
2015年 | 379篇 |
2014年 | 633篇 |
2013年 | 635篇 |
2012年 | 581篇 |
2011年 | 619篇 |
2010年 | 614篇 |
2009年 | 537篇 |
2008年 | 562篇 |
2007年 | 523篇 |
2006年 | 499篇 |
2005年 | 467篇 |
2004年 | 409篇 |
2003年 | 370篇 |
2002年 | 304篇 |
2001年 | 304篇 |
2000年 | 261篇 |
1999年 | 276篇 |
1998年 | 226篇 |
1997年 | 245篇 |
1996年 | 230篇 |
1995年 | 193篇 |
1994年 | 177篇 |
1993年 | 168篇 |
1992年 | 154篇 |
1991年 | 148篇 |
1990年 | 131篇 |
1989年 | 139篇 |
1988年 | 118篇 |
1987年 | 86篇 |
1986年 | 95篇 |
1985年 | 94篇 |
1984年 | 103篇 |
1983年 | 47篇 |
1982年 | 72篇 |
1981年 | 76篇 |
1980年 | 70篇 |
1979年 | 44篇 |
1978年 | 42篇 |
1977年 | 28篇 |
1976年 | 32篇 |
1975年 | 22篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Naoyoshi Onoda Tetsuro Ishikawa Takahiro Toyokawa Tsutomu Takashima Kenichi Wakasa Kosei Hirakawa 《JSLS, Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons》2008,12(4):420-425
Objective:
We report a case of left adrenal schwannoma in a 62-year-old man, incidentally discovered on an abdominal computed tomography. It was successfully treated with laparoscopic adrenalectomy.Methods:
On admission, no remarkable findings were recognized in the patient''s blood and urine examination, including adrenal function. Laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed with the diagnosis of a nonfunctioning adrenal tumor.Results:
Macroscopically, the tumor (45 mm × 30 mm, 60 g) arose from the medulla of the adrenal gland with a clear border distinguishing it from surrounding tissues. Histologically, the tumor consisted uniformly of spindle cells that were positive for S-100. The cortex was compressed but showed no atrophy. The diagnosis of adrenal schwannoma was made.Conclusion:
Although an increasing number of adrenal incidentaloma have been identified with the recent advances in imaging techniques, only a few cases of schwannoma of the adrenal gland have been reported. We reviewed the cases reported previously in an attempt to reveal the characteristic features of this rare disease. 相似文献152.
BACKGROUND: Rat coagulating gland epithelial cells export proteins by an apocrine secretion mode within membrane blebs arising from the apical plasma membrane. Using a pan-PMCA antibody, we have recently shown the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) being part of the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells and incorporated into the aposomal membrane. The mRNA of PMCA isoforms 1 and 4 respectively, have been detected by RT-PCR in rat coagulating gland. METHODS: In order to identify which PMCA isoform is integrated into aposomes during apocrine secretion and whether or not PMCA export is influenced by androgens RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence experiments were performed. RESULTS: PMCA1b is the isoform which is expressed and located in the apical plasma membrane of coagulating gland epithelial cells and is integrated into the aposomal membrane. In contrast, PMCA4 mRNA and protein are restricted to the stroma. Androgen deprivation by castration within 14 days leads to an accumulation of PMCA1b in coagulating gland epithelium, while aposomes are not detected anymore. CONCLUSIONS: We showed for the first time that PMCA isoform 1b is released via aposomes of the epithelial cells of the rat coagulating gland and that the localization of PMCA1b in the epithelial cells is influenced by androgens. 相似文献
153.
Efficacy of Trans-septal Trans-sphenoidal Surgery in Correcting Visual Symptoms Caused by Hematogenous Metastases to the Sella and Pituitary Gland 下载免费PDF全文
The rate of symptomatic improvement of visual symptoms associated with hematogenous metastases to the sella and pituitary was evaluated retrospectively in seven patients (five men, two women; mean age, 52.3 years) with primarily visual symptoms (diplopia alone in three, diplopia with blurred vision in one, blurred vision alone in one, loss of peripheral vision in one, and unilateral complete blindness in one). Symptom duration ranged from 0.5 to 2 months. The primary diseases were non-small cell lung cancer in two patients, renal cell carcinoma in two patients, prostate cancer in two patients, and medullary thyroid carcinoma in one patient. All patients had widespread metastatic disease. Three patients had a suprasellar tumoral component. One patient had a clival extension, and one patient had extension into the cavernous sinus. All underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery to correct visual symptoms. Gross total resection was achieved in three patients. Subtotal resections and a partial resection were performed in three patients and one patient, respectively. Surgical blood loss averaged 282 mL. One patient died from sepsis. Five patients developed complications (cerebrospinal fluid leakage in three, diabetes insipidus in two, anterior pituitary dysfunction in two, and colitis in one). At a mean follow-up of 15 months, three patients were alive. Visual symptoms improved in five patients and were unchanged in two. Trans-sphenoidal surgery helped improve visual symptoms in most patients. The morbidity rate was high and likely related to the locally destructive and extensive nature of the lesions in overall morbid patients with widespread metastatic disease. Unless nonoperative measures can provide equal results, however, this approach provides reasonable palliation. 相似文献
154.
Lo CY 《ANZ journal of surgery》2002,72(12):902-907
Permanent hypoparathyroidism is a debilitating morbidity following thyroidectomy, with a reported incidence of up to 43%. Apart from meticulous dissection to preserve parathyroid glands and their blood supply, parathyroid autotransplantation (PA) has been increasingly employed to preserve parathyroid function. The adoption of PA during thyroidectomy has been reported to be associated with a low incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism. Biochemical function of parathyroid autografts can be demonstrated objectively by forearm reimplantation or during long-term follow up. The clearest indication for PA is for inadvertently removed or devascularized parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery. Other strategies, including routine autotransplantation of at least one parathyroid gland, can be considered, but is associated with a high incidence of transient hypocalcaemia. Apart from refinement in technique to facilitate graft success, a reliable way to assess overall parathyroid function or viability of individual parathyroid gland may assist in monitoring parathyroid function and selecting patients requiring this procedure to prevent permanent hypoparathyroidism. 相似文献
155.
Synchronous benign and malignant salivary gland tumors in ipsilateral glands: a report of two cases and a review of literature 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BACKGROUND: Ipsilateral salivary gland tumors of different histologic types are rare and make up less than 0.3% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Only nine cases of synchronous benign and malignant ipsilateral parotid gland tumors have been described in the literature. METHODS: Two additional cases of synchronous benign and malignant neoplasms in the parotid gland are reported and discussed with a review of literature. RESULTS: Our first case describes a pleomorphic adenoma and a salivary duct carcinoma, an entity not previously reported in the literature. The second case documents the most common benign and malignant ipsilateral parotid gland neoplasm reported in this case series, a Warthin's tumor and a mucoepidermoid carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Synchronous salivary gland tumors exhibiting both benign and malignant components are uncommonly observed, with only nine cases published to date. We describe two additional cases of a synchronous benign and malignant ipsilateral parotid gland tumor. 相似文献
156.
Distant metastases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands and the value of diagnostic examinations during follow-up 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
BACKGROUND: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) accounts for approximately 10% of all neoplasms of the salivary glands. Late distant metastases and local recurrences are responsible for a rather low long-term survival rate. AIM: To study the metastasizing pattern of ACC of the salivary glands in 51 patients. METHOD: Fifty-one patients with an ACC in the intraoral/sublingual salivary glands (n = 30), parotid gland (n = 8), submandibular gland (n = 2), maxillary sinus (n = 6), and nasal cavity (n = 5) have been studied. The male-female ratio was 1:1, the mean age was 54.3 (range, 19-81) years. In 30 cases treatment consisted of surgery and radiotherapy. In 13 cases surgery alone was carried out. The average follow-up time was 117.8 (range, 1-171) months. RESULTS: In 28 cases (54.9%) distant metastases occurred, and in 3 patients (5.8%) regional lymph node metastases occurred. In 12 of the 28 patients with distant metastases (42.8%), only the lungs were involved, whereas in 5 of the 28 patients (17.8%), the distant metastases occurred in other organs (eg, bones and brain). In 11 of the 28 patients (39.2%) metastases were found both in the lungs and other organs. Twenty-four of the 51 patients (47.0%) died because of their tumor. The average time between the occurrence of lung metastases and death was 32.3 months and between the occurrence of metastases elsewhere and death 20.6 months. CONCLUSION: Distant metastases of ACC of the salivary glands occur most often in the lungs. Although these lung metastases are the first to occur, these patients die later than patients with distant metastases in other organs. The value of annual chest films or other tests for the presence of distant metastases during follow-up after surgical removal of an ACC seems rather questionable. 相似文献
157.
Paithankar DY Ross EV Saleh BA Blair MA Graham BS 《Lasers in surgery and medicine》2002,31(2):106-114
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A laser with a wavelength in the mid-IR range targeting the depth in skin where sebaceous glands are located in combination with cryogen spray cooling was evaluated for treatment of acne. In this non-ablative treatment, the laser energy heats the dermal volume encompassing sebaceous glands whereas the cold cryogen spray preserves the epidermis from thermal damage. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monte Carlo simulations and heat transfer calculations were performed to optimize the heating and cooling parameters. A variety of heating and cooling parameters were tested in an in vivo rabbit ear study to evaluate the histological effect of the device on sebaceous glands and skin. Similar experiments were performed on ex vivo human skin. A clinical study for the treatment of acne on backs of human males was also conducted. RESULTS: Monte Carlo simulations and heat transfer calculations resulted in a thermal damage profile that showed epidermal preservation and peak damage in the upper dermis where sebaceous glands are located. Ex vivo human skin histology confirmed the damage profile qualitatively. In vivo rabbit ear histology studies indicated short-term thermal alteration of sebaceous glands with epidermal preservation. In the human clinical study on the back, a statistically significant reduction in lesion count on the treated side compared to the control side was seen (p < 0.001). Side effects were transient and few. CONCLUSIONS: The studies reported here demonstrate the feasibility of treating acne using a photothermal approach with a mid-IR laser and cryogen cooling. 相似文献
158.
腹腔镜肾上腺手术中转开放手术及合并症分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
目的 分析腹腔镜肾上腺手术中转开放手术原因及合并症处理。 方法 对 19例腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术中 8例转开放手术的原因及合并症进行分析。 结果 8例手术中转开放手术患者包括右肾上腺中静脉出血 1例 ,胰尾遮挡肾上腺肿瘤暴露困难 1例 ,左肾上腺囊肿被副脾遮挡1例 ,手术过程中气腹不满意 2例 ,未找到病灶 2例 ,腹膜后镜手术穿刺时引起腰大肌出血 1例。术后高热 3例 ,其中腹膜后脓肿 1例 ,反应性胸膜炎 1例。 结论 腹腔镜和腹膜后镜手术需要一定经验和熟练的配合 ,初学者操作易出现合并症 ,导致手术失败。腹膜后镜手术治疗肾上腺疾病更简便 相似文献
159.
目的 探讨腮腺手术中耳大神经后支保留的可行性、方法及临床价值。方法 我们对48例腮腺肿瘤患者,按常规隐蔽切口腮腺手术方法进行治疗,保留或不保留耳大神经后支。分别于术后10d及1、6、12个月进行随访,检测耳廓上部、耳垂、耳下区、耳前区和耳后区的触觉、痛觉,并观察其感觉变化情况。结果 48例中35例耳大神经后支保留,耳廓上部及耳后区感觉无减退。术后早期耳前、耳垂及耳下区感觉有不同程度的减退,以耳前区最明显,随着时间延长症状逐步好转,6个月时感觉接近正常。另13例耳大神经切断患者感觉减退症状更加明显,恢复时间延长。结论 腮腺手术中耳大神经后支保留是可行的,所采用的方法可靠,可减轻局部麻木感,提高患者术后早期生活质量,降低神经切断后产生局部永久性麻木的可能性。 相似文献
160.
Ayman Agha Gabriel Glockzin Matthias Woenckhaus Wolfgang Dietmaier Igors Iesalnieks Hans J. Schlitt 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2007,392(6):671-677
Background Insular thyroid carcinoma was described as a tumor with aggressive behavior, and patients usually present themselves with
an advanced tumor stage. Whether the insular component is an independent factor for poor prognosis remains unclear. Therefore,
in the present study, we compared the survival of patients with advanced insular, follicular, and papillary thyroid cancer.
Materials and methods The clinical behavior of tumors in three groups of patients with T4 thyroid carcinoma—8 patients with insular, 11 patients
with follicular, and 21 patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas—was compared. Disease-free survival and disease-specific
death were analyzed statistically. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of histotype and other prognostic
factors.
Results At 3 years, survival was 37.5% (mean 26 months) among patients with insular thyroid carcinoma, 80% (mean 59 months) among
those with follicular, and 89% (mean 126 months) among those with papillary thyroid carcinomas (p = 0.007). Disease-free survival in patients without initial distant metastasis was worst in patients with insular thyroid
carcinoma (20%) compared to those with follicular (75%) and those with papillary thyroid carcinomas (71%).
Conclusion Patients with advanced insular thyroid carcinoma have a poorer outcome in comparison to patients with similar advanced stage
who have follicular or papillary thyroid carcinoma. 相似文献