Differences in the abilities of individual fingers during the performance of fast,repetitive tapping movements

Using 12 healthy male subjects, the dynamic motor ability of individual fingers was investigated under four different finger tapping conditions. These were: maximum speed tapping with one finger (single-finger tapping), alternate movement of two fingers (double-finger tapping), double-finger tapping in an unsupported condition, and submaximum constant speed tapping with one finger in a passive manner. Key-contact forces for all fingers and the movement velocity of the tapping finger were monitored. With the exception of the unsupported condition, non-tapping fingers were maintained in contact with designated keys during the tapping tasks. It was found that the index finger attained the fastest cadence and greatest movement velocity, followed by the middle, little and ring fingers, respectively. Subjective assessment of rank order of "difficulty" of tapping by the subjects was highly correlated with tapping cadence. Thus dynamic motor function, as indicated by rapid, repetitive movement, differs among the individual fingers. Parallel changes were observed in the key-contact force of the neighboring non-tapping fingers during tapping. The range of the non-tapping finger forces was largest during tapping by the ring finger. A similar trend was found for passive tapping, during which the magnitude of key-contact force was less than one-third of that observed during active tapping. The lower cadence achieved by the ring finger may be attributed more to a lack of independence at the level of voluntary neuromuscular control, than to innate mechanical interaction with the other fingers. Tapping cadence of each finger was lower for the double-finger mode than for the single-finger mode. The magnitude of the observed decrease in cadence during double-finger tapping was, on the other hand, strongly dependent on finger-combination. The decrease was smallest for the index-middle finger-combination, and greatest for the ring-little finger-combination. Compatibilities with other fingers can play an essential role in the dynamic motor function of individual fingers. During the unsupported task, in which interactions were diminished by allowing all fingers to move freely, tapping cadence increased markedly. Therefore, the lower cadences observed in specific finger-combinations may be partly attributed to anatomical and neural interdigit interactions.     

脑肿瘤患者认知功能障碍的初步研究

目的 :探索脑肿瘤患者认知功能障碍的特点。方法 :采用CLB测验对 31例左侧大脑肿瘤患者、34例右侧大脑肿瘤患者及正常对照组进行测验。结果 :(1)左侧大脑脑肿瘤组四项语言—序贯能力测验成绩明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,四项空间认知能力成绩无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,病例组CLQ为正值 ,表明右半球信息加工能力无明显损害 ;(2 )右侧大脑脑肿瘤组四项空间认知能力测验成绩明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,四项语言—序贯能力测验成绩中系列数字、偏旁组字、类别组词与对照组间无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,系列声音测验成绩有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,病例组CLQ为负值 ,表明左半球信息加工能力基本正常。结论 :CLB可以对脑肿瘤患者认知功能障碍进行量化 ,是一种评估左右侧大脑肿瘤患者认知功能障碍的有效方法。     

大学生就业效能量表的编制

目的编制适用于我国大学生的就业的效能量表。方法在深入访谈和文献综述的基础上，编制出大学生就业效能量表，运用探索性和验证性因素分析技术对568名全日制在校本科生的就业效能的内在结构进行了探讨。结果大学生就业效能主要有3个因素组成：个性自我了解、就业信息与技能和就业应对信心，问卷的各项测量指标良好。结论本问卷可以作为测量大学生就业效能的工具。     

山东省社区空巢老人社会支持与自理能力现状及关联研究

目的 探讨城市社区空巢老人社会支持与自理能力现状,并分析社会支持对空巢老人自理能力的影响。方法 采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取山东省城市社区卫生服务机构的2597名空巢老人作为研究对象,采用自编一般资料调查表、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、日常生活活动能力量表（ADL）进行调查。结果 山东省社区空巢老人社会支持评分为低、中水平占97.2%,ADL受损者占74.1%;社会支持总评分（r=-0.137,P＜0.01）及其主观支持（r=-0.150,P＜0.01）、客观支持（r=-0.086,P＜0.01）维度与日常生活活动能力呈负相关;回归结果显示,不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、患慢性病情况、两周患病情况、社会支持是ADL的影响因素,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 社区空巢老人自理能力较差,社会支持水平较低,社会支持与空巢老人自理能力呈负相关。通过“政府-社区-家庭”支持系统加强对空巢老人的社会支持,提升老年人自我照顾能力,提高其生活质量。     

Nursing Home Residents’ Functional Trajectories and Mortality After a Transfer to the Emergency Department

ObjectiveTo describe nursing home residents’ (NHRs) functional trajectories and mortality after a transfer to the emergency department (ED).DesignCase-control observational multicenter study.Setting and ParticipantsIn total, 1037 NHRs presenting to 17 EDs in France over 4 nonconsecutive weeks in 2016.MethodsFinite mixture models were fitted to longitudinal data on activities of daily living (ADL) scores before transfer (time 1), during hospitalization (time 2), and within 1 week after discharge (time 3) to identify groups of NHRs following similar functional evolution. Factors associated with mortality were investigated by Cox regressions.ResultsTrajectory modeling identified 4 distinct trajectories of ADL. The first showed a high and stable (across time 1, time 2, and time 3) functional capacity around 5.2/6 ADL points, with breathlessness as the main condition leading to transfer. The second displayed an initial 37.8% decrease in baseline ADL performance (between time 1 and time 2), followed by a 12.5% recovery of baseline ADL performance (time 2?time 3), with fractures as the main condition. The third displayed a similar initial decrease, followed by a 6.7% recovery. The fourth displayed an initial 70.1% decrease, followed by an 8.5% recover, with more complex geriatric polypathology situations. Functional decline was more likely after being transferred for a cerebrovascular condition or for a fracture, after being discharged from ED to a surgery department, and with a heavier burden of distressing symptoms during transfer. Mortality after ED transfer was more likely in older NHRs, those in a more severe condition, those who were hospitalized more frequently in the past month, and those transferred for cerebrovascular conditions or breathlessness.Conclusions and ImplicationsIdentified trajectories and factors associated with functional decline and mortality should help clinicians decide whether to transfer NHRs to ED. NHRs with high functional ability seem to benefit from ED transfers whereas on-site alternatives should be sought for those with poor functional ability.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎的流行及公众关注度研究

目的 通过对北京市2020年6月11日—7月20日新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫情流行情况及网络关注点进行分析,为疫情防控提供参考。 方法 利用北京市卫生健康委员会官方网站新冠肺炎疫情通报和互联网搜索引擎,回顾性搜集整理疫情数据和网络搜索指数数据,并采用描述性统计和Spearman秩相关分析方法进行数据分析。 结果 6月11日—7月20日北京市新冠肺炎累计确诊335例,累计发病率为1.56/10万;累计确诊病例主要集中在丰台区(230例,占68.66%)。网络搜索指数研究显示,“北京疫情最新情况”和“新发地”搜索指数均与疫情数据存在相关关系(r=0.711,P＜0.05;r=0.861,P＜0.05); “北京疫情”搜索指数最高,并与日新增确诊病例数呈高度正相关(r=0.919,P＜0.05)。 结论 北京市新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情已取得阶段性成效。网络搜索指数与疫情发展高度相关,应加强网络搜索指数在疫情防控中的应用。     

早期认知-行为干预对冠心病介入治疗患者心功能及自我管理能力的影响

目的 观察早期认知-行为干预对冠心病介入治疗患者心功能及自我管理能力的影响。方法 将2019年2月至2021年2月于我院接受介入治疗的100例冠心病患者随机分为观察组与对照组各50例。对照组予以常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施早期认知-行为干预。对比两组的心功能[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)及左室后壁厚度(LVPWd)]、自我管理能力。结果 护理后,观察组的LVEF高于对照组, LVEDD、 LVPWd低于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后,观察组症状管理、角色功能、情绪控制、沟通能力评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 早期认知-行为干预可显著改善冠心病介入治疗患者心功能状态与自我管理能力,促进其病情恢复,值得临床推广应用。     

早期Alzheimer病的扩瞳反应及其认知功能研究

目的 为了探讨扩瞳反应对Alzheimer病的诊断价值及其与认知功能之间的关系。方法 我们对20例早期Alzheimer病患者进行了3个月的视察,作了扩瞳试验及认知功能评估,并与20例多发性梗塞性痴呆及20例正常老年人进行比较。结果 Alzheimer病患者在滴注扩瞳药液后15－25分钟时间内的瞳孔扩大倍数显著高于血管性痴呆和正常对照组,但这种瞳孔对扩瞳液的敏感性改变与认知功能缺损之间尚无显著相关性。结论 扩瞳反应可以作为Alzheimer病早期诊断的辅助指标之一。     

语境与阅读语用能力的培养

语境是语用学研究最主要的课题之一 ,它的内涵主要包括上下文、社交及文化等语境知识。在阅读理解时 ,读者必须依赖语境 ,综合有效地运用各种语境知识 ,排除歧义 ,消除模糊 ,合理推断 ,达到全面且准确的理解。为此 ,阅读教学中应着力培养学生的语用能力 ,以文化导入为手段 ,不断提高学生运用文化等语境知识推断语用意义的能力     

Hospital Frailty Risk Score Outperforms Current Risk Stratification Models in Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundModels for risk stratification and prediction of outcome, such as the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), the Elixhauser Comorbidity Method (ECM), the 5-factor modified Frailty Index (mFI-5), and the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) have been validated in orthopedic surgery. The aim of this study is to compare the predictive power of these models in total hip and knee replacement.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of 8250 patients who had undergone total joint replacement between 2011 and 2019, CCI, ECM, mFI-5, and HFRS were calculated for each patient. Receiver operating characteristic curve plots were generated and the area under the curve (AUC) was compared between each score with regard to adverse events such as transfusion, surgical, medical, and other complications. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship among risk stratification models, demographic factors, and postoperative adverse events.ResultsIn prediction of surgical complications, HFRS performed best (AUC: 0.719, P < .001), followed by ECM (AUC: 0.578, P < .001), mFI-5 (AUC: 0.564, P = .003), and CCI (AUC: 0.555, P = .012). With regard to medical complications, other complications, and transfusion, HFRS also was superior to ECM, mFI-5, and CCI. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed HFRS as an independent risk stratification model associated with all captured adverse events (P ≤ .001).ConclusionThe HFRS is superior to current risk stratification models in the context of total joint replacement. As the HRFS derives from routinely collected administrative data, healthcare providers can identify at-risk patients without additional effort or expense.