Pap smear screening history of women with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix

BACKGROUND: Since the introduction of the Pap smear screening, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has decreased significantly, but the incidence of adenocarcinoma (AC) relative to SCC has increased. AIM: To compare the Pap smear history of patients with AC and SCC of the cervix. METHODS: Patients for the study were identified from the database of Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer. Patients with AC and SCC were matched for age at diagnosis and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage. The final population included 188 matched pairs, being 376 patients in total. Data were collected upon the histological type of cancer, result of the most recent Pap smear, date and result of the Pap smear prior to the most recent Pap smear and symptoms. Chi-squared tests and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the two patient groups for several variables. RESULTS: Patients with AC had significantly more false-negative results on their most recent Pap smear (P<0.0001) than patients with SCC. The incidence of symptoms such as bleeding and/or vaginal discharge was comparable in patients with AC and SCC. The time between the most recent Pap smear and the diagnosis of cervical cancer was significantly shorter for patients with AC (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AC had Pap smears more regularly than those with SCC, and their most recent Pap smear was significantly more likely to be normal. Thus, Pap smear prior to a diagnosis of AC is more likely than SCC false-negative and therefore not indicative of cervical cancer.     

时间-空间相关成像技术在胎儿产前心脏筛查的初步应用

目的探讨时间-空间相关成像技术(STIC)在胎儿产前心脏筛查的应用价值。方法分别使用常规超声及STIC技术检查孕21～28周心脏正常的胎儿200例,分析STIC的图像质量、图像信息及扫查时间与常规超声之间的差异。结果使用STIC技术下200例胎儿心脏均获得满意的容积数据。脱机分析所获得的心脏各切面图像质量与常规超声图像质量无显著性差异(P>0.05),并且能获得常规超声不能显示的图像资料。采集STIC容积信息的平均扫描时间(5.12±2.56)min,采集常规超声所需各切面的平均扫描时间(6.78±3.11)min。结论 STIC扫描可以缩短检查时间,减低对检查者的经验依赖,减少对胎儿的超声照射,能提供与常规超声一致的图像质量及更多的心脏切面图像和信息。     

污染食品中氰化物的快速检测方法

目的:检测试剂和手持式光电比色仪联用的方法,实现对污染食品中氰化物的现场快速定量检测。方法:通过氰化物在碱性条件下,CN-可催化茚三酮自身氧化还原反应,迅速生成红棕色产物(485 nm),其呈色深浅与氰化物含量成一定相关性,于手持式光电比色仪实现定量测定。结果:氰化物浓度在0.0~0.5 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9957);方法的检出限为0.05 mg/kg、加标回收率为84%~106%。并与国家标准方法检测结果一致。结论:试剂-光电比色仪方法用于氰化物的现场定量检测具有简便、快速、携带方便等特点,值得推广应用。     

Height‐based equations as screening tools for high blood pressure in pediatric practice,the GENOBOX study

Due to the absence of easily applicable cut‐off points to determine high blood pressure or hypertension in children, as in the adult population, blood pressure is rarely measured in the pediatrician''s clinical routine. This has led to an underdiagnosis of high blood pressure or hypertension in children. For this reason, the present study evaluate the utility of five equations for the screening of high blood pressure in children: blood pressure to height ratio, modified blood pressure to height ratio, new modified blood pressure to height ratio, new simple formula and height‐based equations. The authors evaluated 1599 children between 5 and 18 years. The performance of the five equations was analyzed using the receiver‐operating characteristics curves for identifying blood pressure above P90th according to the American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline 2017. All equations showed an area under the curve above 0.882. The new modified blood pressure to height ratio revealed a high sensitivity whereas the height‐based equations showed the best performance, with a positive predictive value above 88.2%. Finally, all equations showed higher positive predictive values in children with overweight or obesity. The height‐based equation obtained the highest PPV values above 71.1% in children with normal weight and above 90.2% in children with overweight or obesity. In conclusions, the authors recommend the use of the height‐based equations equation because it showed the best positive predictive values to identify children with elevated blood pressure, independently of their sex, pubertal and weight status.     

Eye screening can be used to perform anemia screening and treatment in adolescent girls using ToucHb

Purpose:Anemia is common in adolescent girls. Apprehension while drawing blood to estimate hemoglobin concentration is a barrier for confirming anemia. ToucHb, a noninvasive instrument that estimates the hemoglobin by taking an image of the exposed conjunctiva, was used during eye screening to help diagnose and treat anemia.Methods:ToucHb was used during secondary school eye screening and during house-to-house eye screening to estimate the hemoglobin concentration in the body. Each of the girls was distributed a packet of 60 tablets of ferrous and folate and a tablet of albendazole. They were followed up after 3 months.Results:Exactly 1511 municipal school girls aged 10-19 years (mean 12.9; standard deviation [SD] 1.64) were examined. Of them, 949 (62.8%) had hemoglobin of ≤9 mg%. Among those girls with hemoglobin ≤9 mg%, the mean (SD) during the initial and follow-up examinations was 6.1 (1.4) and 9.6 (1.03), respectively, by paired t-test (P < 0.001). Another 588 girls (average age 14.4 years, SD 1.2) had their eyes examined and hemoglobin estimated during a house-to-house eye screening. Of them, 116 (19.7%) had hemoglobin level of ≤9 mg%. Their pre-Hb was 7.9 (SD 1.05) on average and after 3 months, it was 9.6 (SD 1.02). Among those girls with hemoglobin ≤9 mg%, the mean (SD) during the initial and follow-up examinations was 6.2 (1.4) and 7.9 (1.1), respectively, by paired t-test (P < 0.001)Conclusion:ToucHb was useful to diagnose anemia while doing eye screening and to ensure its treatment. Anemia diagnosis and management would enhance the health of adolescent girls.     

Visual impairment in children with multiple disabilities in schools for children with special needs in South India

Purpose:To understand/assess ocular and functional vision impairment in children with multiple disabilities with a functional vision assessment battery in addition to standard ophthalmic examinations in an outreach setting.Methods:Seven schools for children with special needs, 243 children in total, were screened for ocular disorders and functional vision impairment through school camps.Results:Among them, 37% had refractive errors needing spectacle correction. With standard ocular testing methods, the visual impairment was around 32%, but when functional vision was assessed, the functional vision impairment amounted to 70% in these children. The presence of functional vision impairment was found to be independent of the associated disability. Assessment of visual capacities such as visual closure, saccade pursuits, optic ataxia, and developmental milestones early on can help in suspecting the presence of CVIConclusion:Children with multiple disabilities are more at risk of functional vision impairment, which significantly impairs their ability to function in daily life. A complete functional vision assessment becomes essential to plan early intervention for these children. The significant proportion of vision impairment and functional vision loss in our study indicates the need for coordinated structured programs to address vision-related problems in children with multiple disabilities.     

正交法筛选莪术油微球制备工艺

目的通过正交设计法筛选出制备符合肝动脉栓塞要求的莪术油明胶微球的最佳工艺。方法以微球粒径、分布、栽药量、包封率等为指标,采用正交设计法优化微球的制备工艺。结果按优化工艺参数制备的微球外观形态良好,粒径符舍肝动脉栓塞的要求,平均载药量为9．45％,包封率为32．34％,平均收率为85,19％,重现性良好。结论确立的莪术油微球的制备工艺切实可行。      

Willingness to Self-Collect a Sample for HPV-Based Cervical Cancer Screening in a Well-Screened Cohort: HPV FOCAL Survey Results

Self-collection may provide an opportunity for innovation within population-based human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer screening programs by providing an alternative form of engagement for all individuals. The primary objective was to determine willingness to self-collect a vaginal sample for primary HPV screening and factors that impact willingness in individuals who participated in the Human Papillomavirus For Cervical Cancer (HPV FOCAL) screening trial, a large randomized controlled cervical screening trial. A cross-sectional online survey was distributed between 2017 and 2018 to 13,176 eligible participants exiting the FOCAL trial. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression assessed factors that influence willingness to self-collect on 4945 respondents. Overall, 52.1% of respondents indicated willingness to self-collect an HPV sample. In multivariable analysis, the odds of willingness to self-collect were significantly higher in participants who agreed that screening with an HPV test instead of a Pap test was acceptable to them (odds ratio (OR): 1.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 1.82), those who indicated that collecting their own HPV sample was acceptable to them (p < 0.001), and those with higher educational ascertainment (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.54). The findings offer insight into the intentions to self-collect in those already engaged in screening, and can inform cervical cancer screening programs interested in offering alternative approaches to HPV-based screening.