Medical Research Misconduct Need Regulatory Reforms

The medical research misconduct has become a global problem. Except from countries like the USA, China, and Germany the exact figures of misconduct are not available. The research misconduct include fabricating the data, falsifying data, and plagiarism. The irresponsible research practices are publishing research data more than once, conflicts of interest is not declared, selective reporting of data and including an author who has not contributed at all and many more. About 2% of scientists have been found to admit the fabricating the data and 33% researchers were involved in irresponsible research practices. There is no formal regulatory programs available to monitor the research projects. Few developed countries like the USA, Germany, and China tried to develop programs which can monitor the medical research misconduct. There is a need to develop a regulatory system at national and institutional level to regulate the research activity to ensure that good ethical and scientific standards are practiced by medical researchers.     

伏暑病因及辨治源流考

从病名、病因病机、辨证治疗三个方面总结历代医家对伏暑的认识。认为伏暑起源于《黄帝内经》,《丹溪心法附余》最早将伏暑定为病名。直至清代各医家才明确认识到,伏暑是由于夏月摄生不慎,感受暑邪,潜伏体内,至秋季为时令之邪所引发的一类温病。伏暑的病因包括内因和外因两种,而外因又有先因与诱因之分,伏暑的发病与邪气性质、正气强弱、季节时令三方面因素密切相关。历代医家分别从辨邪气性质、三焦辨证、脏腑辨证等不同辨证体系进行治疗。辨伏邪的性质需先辨明是暑热还是暑湿,再分虚实,三焦辨证是以三焦为纲分别对太阴、阳明、少阴、厥阴伏暑加以论治,脏腑辨证则是根据邪气所伏脏腑之不同探讨相应治法。     

Undergraduate students’ perspectives of healthcare professionals’ use of shared decision-making skills

Essential for future healthcare professionals (HCPs) to delivering ethical and empathetic patient-centred care (PCC) as a team is the understanding of appropriate shared decision-making (SDM) responses when facilitating discussions with patients and family members. The purpose of this study was to evaluate undergraduate students’ perspectives about HCPs’ use of SDM as described in a case-study reflection assignment. An exploratory qualitative approach was used to analyse student-reflection assignments. The sample included 42 undergraduate students enrolled in an interprofessional education (IPE) course at a Midwest university based in the United States. Data consisted of student responses in a course reflection assignment that captured their perspectives about recommended SDM responses by HCPs. Student assignments were randomly selected using stratified sampling to provide representation of eight HCP roles. Analysis revealed two themes related to students’ use of SDM responses. Results provide evidence supporting the tenet that through IPE, healthcare students can develop an understanding of SDM and ethical principles related to PCC.     

中医急诊学的发展渊源及当代薄弱环节研究

目的盘点中医急诊学的发展现状,找出不足环节并制定应对措施。方法自远古时期至鸦片战争、新中国建立前后,进行系列的历史回顾及现状梳理。结果发现中医精华和优势传承严重不足,中医急诊人才培养不力,中医急诊学学科建设严重滞后。结论必须在党和政府的领导下,加强中医急诊人才的培养,加强中医急诊学学科的建设,以促推当代中医药事业的深入振兴。     

Involving children and young people in clinical research through the forum of a European Young Persons’ Advisory Group: needs and challenges

Children and young people are seen as fundamental to the design and delivery of clinical research as active and reflective participants. In Europe, involvement of children and young people in clinical research is promoted extensively in order to engage young people in research as partners and to give them a voice to raise their own issues or opinions and for their involvement in planning and decision making in addition to learning research skills. Children and young people can be trained in clinical research through participation in young person advisory groups (YPAGs). Members of YPAGs assist other children and young people to learn about clinical research and share their experience and point of view with researchers, thereby possibly influencing all phases of research including the development and prioritization of research questions, design and methods, recruitment plans, and strategies for results dissemination. In the long term, the expansion of YPAGs in Europe will serve as a driving force for refining pediatric clinical research. It will help in a better definition of research projects according to the patients’ needs. Furthermore, direct engagement of children and young people in research will be favorable to both researchers and young people.