纳米锶磷灰石纤维多孔钛复合材料的生物安全性研究

目的评价新型生物材料纳米锶磷灰石纤维多孔钛复合材料的生物安全性。方法对纳米锶磷灰石纤维多孔钛复合材料的生物安全性进行体外评价,分别进行以下实验:急性全身毒性实验;血液相容性评价(溶血试验);热原试验;皮内刺激实验。结果纳米锶磷灰石纤维多孔钛复合材料对生物体无毒性、无致热原性、无刺激性,不引起溶血反应。结论纳米锶磷灰石纤维多孔钛复合材料具有良好的生物安全性,有望作为新型骨植入生物材料应用于临床。     

Guidelines to avoid personnel contamination by infective agents in research laboratories that use human tissues

Summary The personnel in laboratories that utilize tissue and fluids from humans and other primates are at risk for infection with agents, including the viruses causing hepatitis, AIDS, and other infective agents such as mycobacteria tuberculosis. To minimize the chance of infection of laboratory personnel, carefully organized policies and procedures to minimize exposure to infective agents must be established in research laboratories. We outline some of the approaches of hospital clinical laboratories which have proved most effective in minimizing transmission of infections from samples to laboratory personnel. Also, we discuss simple considerations important in the use and in the selection of safety equipment. These guidelines and references to other safety information are provided to aid research laboratories in establishing safety procedures that will minimize chances of personnel contamination with infective agents from research samples.     

Quantitative evaluation of hand cranking a roller pump in a crisis management drill

The heart-lung machines for open-heart surgery have improved over the past 50 years; they rarely break down and are almost always equipped with backup batteries. The hand-cranking procedure only becomes necessary when a pump breaks down during perfusion or after the batteries have run out. In this study, the performance of hand cranking a roller pump was quantitatively assessed by an objective method using the ECCSIM-Lite educational simulator system. A roller pump connected to an extracorporeal circuit with an oxygenator and with gravity venous drainage was used. A flow sensor unit consisting of electromagnetic sensors was used to measure arterial and venous flow rates, and a built-in pressure sensor was used to measure the water level in the reservoir. A preliminary study of continuous cranking by a team of six people was conducted as a surprise drill. This system was then used at a perfusion seminar. At the seminar, 1-min hand-cranking drills were conducted by volunteers according to a prepared scenario. The data were calculated on site and trend graphs of individual performances were given to the participants as a handout. Preliminary studies showed that each person's performance was different. Results from 1-min drills showed that good performance was not related to the number of clinical cases experienced, years of practice, or experience in hand cranking. Hand cranking to maintain the target flow rate could be achieved without practice; however, manipulating the venous return clamp requires practice. While the necessity of performing hand cranking during perfusion due to pump failure is rare, we believe that it is beneficial for perfusionists and patients to include hand-cranking practice in periodic extracorporeal circulation crisis management drills because a drill allows perfusionists to mentally rehearse the procedures should such a crisis occur.     

Effectiveness and Safety Assessment of Mist Tonica, a Herbal Haematinic

Anaemia is a widespread public health problem, and in Ghana it is the fourth leading cause of hospital admissions and the second factor contributing to death. Mist Tonica, an herbal haematinic produced by the Centre for Scientific Research into Plant Medicine (CSRPM), Ghana, was assessed for its effectiveness and safety in humans after Ethics Committee approval. Clinically established anaemic-patients aged, 13 years and above, with haemoglobin levels less than 11.5 g/dl and 13.5g/dl for females and males respectively were treated with Mist Tonica, 8.96 g/ 40 mls three times daily for two weeks . The mean haemoglobin rise per week caused by Mist Tonica was 1.92 (0.76) g/dl, range (1.66 – 2.55) g/dl/week and over 88 % of the patients on Mist Tonica had their appetite for food improved. Haematological profile, liver and kidney functions were not adversely affected by Mist Tonica. Results of the study suggest that Mist Tonica is an effective and safe herbal haematinic.     

ZT胶作为门静脉栓塞材料的实验研究

目的探讨ZT胶行兔选择性门静脉栓塞（SPVE）的安全性及有效性。方法新西兰白兔24只，随机分为3组，A组为ZT胶：碘油（1：1）混合物组，B组为ZT胶：碘油（1：2）混合物组，对照组C组为碘油组。对各组门静脉左支进行SPVE，术后检测门静脉压力、肝转氨酶（ALT、AST）的变化，术后30d右肝重／全肝重、全肝重／体重。结果SPVE后门静脉压力、肝转氨酶呈一过性升高；栓塞后肝左叶萎缩、纤维化，肝右叶代偿性增生肥大．右肝重／全肝重B组为69．41％，而C组为39．00％。统计学分析显示，B组栓塞效果明显优于其他组（P〈0．05）。结论ZT胶：碘油（1：2）混合物是一种安全、有效的门静脉栓塞材料。     

Recurrent Poisoning in Children: A Review

The literature on poisoning accidents or ingestion of toxicsubstances in children is reviewed. Special emphasis is givento the phenomenon of recurrent or repeat episodes. Recommendationsare made concerning means for identifying children who are atrisk for repeat poison episodes, as well as for developing methodsof intervention to prevent such occurrences.     

Patient safety unit for a hot-film anemometer,used for blood-velocity determination in humans

An inexpensive patient safety unit for a constant temperature hot-film anemometer is described. Both the so-called ‘electrical hazard’ and the thermal risk, which is special for the anemometer, have been eliminated.     

Frequency dependence of the cardiac threshold to alternating current between 10 Hz and 160 Hz

It is still unclear what fundamental criteria influence the ability of alternating current (AC) to induce ventricular fibrillation (VF) in vivo. As the VF threshold has a bowl-shaped relationship with frequency (showing a minimum threshold at some frequency), similar to the nervous system, one proposed model has assumed that the mechanisms underlying AC stimulation of nerves are at work for VF induction. More recent work has suggested a second approach, whereby a simple RC-like model is sufficient to understand the cardiac AC stimulation threshold's frequency dependence, suggesting that some unarticulated mechanism is at work for VF. The paper directly tests these two models. In 12 intact dogs and 20 intact guinea pigs, DC pulses were used to stimulate AC square and AC sine waves at 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 Hz. All electrodes were endocardial, with the return electrode being on a paw or thorax. It was found that, for square and sine wave stimulation in both dogs and guinea pigs, the stimulation threshold increased monotonically with frequency from 10 Hz up to 160 Hz (p<0.01 for dogs and guinea pigs). Between 80 and 160 Hz, the AC stimulation threshold doubled, exactly as predicted by an RC model. It was concluded that the AC stimulation threshold is not bowl-shaped and is best understood with an RC model. As the VF threshold does exhibit a bowl-shape with frequency, as opposed to the stimulation threshold which does not, the VF induction frequency dependence must have different origins.     

基于波士顿矩阵的医疗纠纷管理研究

目的针对医疗纠纷赔款案件的危害性进行风险分类分析,为提升科室医疗安全管理水平提供参考。方法分析某院2016年-2019年125例医疗纠纷赔款案件,借鉴波士顿矩阵模型,将医疗纠纷发生科室及原因围绕损害性（均次损害量化值）、损失性［每床位（均次）赔款金额］、发生频次3个指标进行风险分类。结果医疗纠纷赔款案件高发科室主要是骨科（33.6%）和普外科（23.2%）,发生原因主要是责任心不强（22.4%）、手术不当（20.8%）、漏诊误诊（16.8%）。“高床位赔款,高损害风险”科室有心外科及普外科,“高床位赔款,低损害风险”科室有泌尿外科、骨科及神经外科;“高赔款,高损害风险”医疗纠纷原因有漏诊误诊、用药不合理、医疗并发症、手术不当,“低赔款,高损害风险”医疗纠纷原因有院内感染、责任心不强。结论波士顿矩阵模型能够为医疗纠纷防范提供风险评估工具,从而助力科室安全管理。管理者可结合风险评估结果,采取差异化管理策略。     

前列平胶囊治疗慢性前列腺炎湿热瘀阻证的药品临床综合评价

目的：探索前列平胶囊治疗慢性前列腺炎湿热瘀阻证的药品临床综合价值,为临床基本用药管理的相关决策提供证据。方法：该研究以《药品临床综合评价管理指南（2021年版试行）》为依据,通过系统梳理前列平胶囊治疗慢性前列腺炎湿热瘀阻证的现有研究,结合相关数据库资料和问卷调查结果,基于循证医学、临床流行病学、临床医学、循证药学、药物经济学、卫生统计学、卫生技术评估等学科基础,采用多准则决策分析模型（MCDA）和CSC 2.0软件,对药品的安全性、有效性、经济性、创新性、适宜性、可及性6个维度及中医药特色进行定性与定量相结合的综合评价。结果：安全性,基于国家药品不良反应监测中心自发呈报系统（SRS）、安全性文献分析、药理毒理实验报告等证据,前列平胶囊安全性等级评价为A级,安全性好。有效性,基于药理药效学研究及Meta分析结果,综合有效性证据价值及证据质量,最终有效性等级评价为B级。经济性,前列平胶囊为国家医保乙类药物,与同类中成药价格相比,前列平胶囊的日均费用属中等,服药过程中无相关费用增加,经济学研究显示前列平胶囊联合α受体阻滞剂与单用α受体阻滞剂比较,具有较好经济性。综合经济学证据质量评价和经济性...