代谢物组学在中药现代研究中的意义

代谢物组学是后基因时代出现的一门新兴“组学”学科。它能用反映整体的代谢物图直接认识生理和生化状态，因此能提供区别于其他“组学”而来的大量信息。代谢物组学已经用于评价实验动物模型和外源物产生的一系列代谢过程和作用机制、靶器官的效应、组织损伤。代谢物组学是新药研究开发的必要一部分，其应用涵盖新生物标志物的发现、新药筛选、安全性实验和作用机制研究。因此，在模型识别和确证、药物筛选、作用机制研究等方面具有理论意义和应用价值。在现代中药研究中，同样具有应用前景。     

bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对肾癌细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达抑制及诱导凋亡作用

目的:经Beagle犬肝脏血管注射重组腺病毒介导反义c-myc基因(Ad-ASmyc)载体,观测其体内分布及毒副作用,以评价Ad-ASmyc治疗肝癌的临床前期安全性.方法:选择4只体重8～10kg健康Beagle犬,全麻后开腹,经肝动脉或门静脉注射Ad-ASmyc,注射Ad-ASmyc前及注射后第3,7,14,21天取肝组织及抽取静脉血化验,PCR检测Ad-ASmyc在各器官组织中的分布,常规切片观察各器官病理变化,ELISA方法检测血中抗腺病毒抗体的产生.结果:经Beagle犬肝脏血管注射后,Ad-ASmyc可持续转导正常肝细胞达3周,实验犬一般情况好,血、肝、肾功能无明显异常,在肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胃、心脏、皮肤中可检测到重组腺病毒的分布,镜下可见Ad-ASmyc剂量依赖性的肝组织轻微的炎症反应,注射后7d血中有抗腺病毒载体的抗体产生,14d达高峰,21d开始下降.结论:经Beagle犬肝动脉或门静脉途径注射Ad-ASmyc均可转导至肝细胞,Ad-ASmyc对实验犬的毒副作用较轻.     

国产苯磺酸左氨氯地平的降压疗效及对代谢的影响

目的 :探讨原发性高血压病人服用国产苯磺酸左氨氯地平后降压疗效及对代谢指标的影响。 方法 :2 5例门诊初发轻中度高血压病人服用苯磺酸左氨氯地平 2 .5mg/d ,共 8周 ,观察治疗前后的血压、心率、空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、胆固醇、三酰甘油、谷丙转氨酶、胆红素、肌酐等变化 ,按HOMA模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数。 结果 :原发性高血压病人经苯磺酸左氨氯地平治疗后血压明显下降 ,收缩压治疗前后分别为 (14 5± 12 )、(12 3± 10 )mmHg (P <0 .0 1) ,舒张压治疗前后分别为 (96± 7)、(81± 7)mmHg (P <0 .0 1)。治疗前后血糖、血脂、胰岛素抵抗指数无显著性差异。 结论 :国产苯磺酸左氨氯地平能有效降低高血压病人的血压 ,对胰岛素抵抗、血糖、血脂无影响。     

Approaches to the prevention and control of skin cancer

Skin cancer is the most common and the most preventable form of cancer. Nonmelanoma skin cancers are associated with cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation, while melanoma is associated with intense episodes of ultraviolet exposure resulting in sunburns. Numerous risk factors are associated with the development of skin cancer. These include exposure to ultraviolet radiation; phenotypic factors such as skin type, eye and hair color, tendency to burn and tan, and having freckles and moles; a personal or family history of skin cancer; and occupational sun exposure. Primary prevention behaviors include applying SPF 15+ sunscreen 30 minutes before exposure, reapplying SPF 15+ sunscreen every 1¹/₂ to 2 hours or after swimming or sweating, dressing in protective clothing, using shade, limiting exposure during peak sun hours, and avoiding artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation such as tanning beds. Secondary prevention behaviors include screening and early detection in combination with education on the primary prevention behaviors. Interventions designed to increase sun protective behaviors have resulted in increased knowledge and attitudes, but limited behavior change. And while skin cancer screenings have shown promising results, few studies have a follow-up component. Future studies should focus on developing effective strategies for making sun protective behaviors routine and determining the effectiveness of skin cancer screening. To inform approaches to the prevention and control of skin cancer, this paper will summarize key primary and secondary preventive behaviors, highlight primary and secondary prevention programs, and identify key unanswered questions in the area of skin cancer prevention and control.     

普洛迪治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床有效性和安全性观察

目的观察普洛迪治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床有效性和安全性。方法选取115例急性中度颈内动脉脑梗死患者,随机分为2组,治疗组给予普洛迪静滴,对照组给予胞二磷胆碱静滴,观察治疗前及治疗后7 d和21 d神经功能缺损评分(NIH)的变化及总有效率。结果治疗组总有效率(84%)明显高于对照组(48%)(P<0.05)。治疗后7 d和21 d,治疗组NIH均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05)。治疗过程中2组均无不良反应发生。结论普洛迪具有多途径、多机制的协同药理作用,且无明显的不良反应,是治疗急性脑血管病的有效药物。     

美国药品召回制度对我国药品安全的启示

目的 :为我国建立药品召回制度提供参考。方法 :介绍美国药品召回制度 ,探讨其对我国药品安全的启示。结果与结论 :借鉴美国的药品召回制度 ,完善我国的法律规范体系 ,全面推行药品召回制度。     

如何在临床试验中计划和实施期中分析

评价一个正在进行尚未完成的临床试验 ,研究者常常采用期中分析方法。由于新药开始用于临床治疗时 ,其安全性和有效性方面存在很多不确定的因素 ,采用期中分析方法设计能有效解决这些问题。本文阐述了如何计划和实施期中分析的方法和作用 ,对期中分析有关组织的职责也进行了讨论。     

克林霉素预防术后感染98例的安全性调查

目的:了解克林霉素注射剂在预防术后感染中的安全性。方法:采用填写调查表和面访相结合的方式对我院应用克林霉素注射剂作术后预防用药的住院病人进行调查分析。结果:克林霉素预防术后感染98例,其中单用克林霉素51例(感染控制率100%),联用其他抗菌药物47例,共发生不良反应7例,主要为恶心、呕吐、腹泻、粒细胞减少、转氨酶升高等。结论:克林霉素可以用于术后感染的预防,应用时要注意剂量不宜过大,尽量采用单独用药,以避免或减少不良反应,增加用药的安全性。     

臭氧在肉品工业中的研究应用现状

臭氧的基本知识,并对它在肉制品加工贮藏中的应用进行了综述。     

Work Place Health Promotion

This article deals with the question of whether and how much workplace health promotion measures have infiltrated the working world and which factors determined the results of health promotion programs for the enterprises. To answer this question we conducted a longitudinal study (measuring times: 1997 and 2003) in 150 enterprises in Hessen and Thueringen of the service sector and metal branch. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect the data. One of the results was that the high level of occupational safety and health (OSH) obtained was greatly appreciated by the enterprises interviewed. Many of the enterprises (82.7%) were able to implement at least one workplace health promotion (WHP) measure, mostly assessments of occupational health risks and behavior-oriented offers. The portion of businesses with a very good to sufficient level of workplace health promotion increased clearly from 16.0% in 1997 to 27.4% in 2003. Half of the enterprises interviewed confirmed the need for information and consultation in questions about occupational safety and health issues and workplace health promotion. They expected support particularly from the institutions for statutory occupational accident insurance, health insurance companies, public institutions for labor protection and safety engineering, as well as from the advisory boards of the trade unions. These institutions definitely need to address the consultation requests from the enterprises, as the lack of information and contact persons was one of the reasons why workplace health promotion measures could not be implemented.This study was commissioned by the Hans Boeckler Foundation and the SMBG and translated by Evelyn Jäck