2015—2019年扬州市食品中化学污染物及有害因素监测结果分析

目的 了解扬州市食品中化学污染物及有害因素的污染状况,确定风险因子的可能来源及分布,为食品安全防控工作提供数据依据。方法 依据每年扬州市《食品安全风险监测方案》,2015—2019年在扬州市辖区内采集食品样品,并进行相关化学污染物及有害因素的检测。结果 5年共检测23大类1 311份食品样品208个指标,样品合格率为97.79%;其中8类29份食品样品中13个指标超标,样品超标率为2.21%。不合格指标为蔬菜中农药残留和镉、茶叶和水果中农药残留、水产动物中总砷、藻类中铅、粉丝和油条中含铝添加剂、小麦制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、蜂蜜中甲硝唑。结论 扬州市食品中的化学污染情况总体较好,但部分食品中仍存在污染物超标现象,应引起相关部门的重视。     

猪单纯门静脉血流阻断安全时限的研究猪单纯门静脉血流阻断安全时限的研究

目的 通过对猪单纯门静脉血流阻断,全面评估猪耐受门静脉血流阻断的安全时限。方法 将18只健康荣昌种猪随机分为假手术组（SO）、单纯门静脉阻断45min（PVC－45′）、60min（PVC－60′）组,通过对门静脉血流阻断,了解其存活情况、血流动力学改变、肝脏及肠道病理改变等。结果 ①SO、PVC－45′、PVC－60′组长期存活率分别为100％、100％、66．7％;②PVC组阻断前后血流动力学参数波动较大;③PVC－45′、60′组均有肝脏缺血灌注损伤,但PVC－60′组病理损害比45′组重;④PVC组肠粘膜的病理损伤是随门静脉阻断时间延长而加重;⑤PVC组肠粘膜通透性明显升高,肠系膜淋巴结肠道菌属培养阳性率及门静脉血内毒素随阻断时间延长而上升。结论 在本实验条件下正常猪耐受单纯门静脉阻断的安全时限为45min。     

枸杞明目前囊安全性研究

目的：研究枸杞明目胶囊的安全性。方法：小鼠急毒性试验及大鼠长期毒性试验。结果：小鼠急性毒性LD50大于90．0ml/(kg.bw)。大鼠30天喂养试验,未见动物出现行为,体重,血象,肝,肾功能等的毒性变化,组织切片也未见各组之间,两种性别之间脏器结构有明显差异。结论：枸杞明目胶囊长期服用安全无毒。     

The recent saga of cardiovascular disease and safety of oral contraceptives

This review presents detailed risk estimates from relevant epidemiological and other studies on the comparative safety of second and third generation oral contraceptives (OC). Written with the intention of presenting a repository of the available information, it also discourses briefly into the symptomatology and diagnosis of diseases associated with OC use and presents some of the critical comments made about various epidemiological analyses. A general critique including observations and opinions of various investigators completes the review. We stress that our own opinions on the various studies, or an attempt to adjudge the relative safety of second and third generation OC, are not given since they form the substance of our second paper which completes this symposium.     

Implementation of percutaneous dilation tracheotomy – value of preincisional ultrasonic examination?

BACKGROUND: In this observational study we have evaluated the implementation of percutaneous dilation tracheotomy (PDT), using the forceps dilation technique (Portex) in a multidisciplinary ICU. METHODS: We included a preincisional ultrasonic evaluation of the neck in order to visualise the isthmus glandula thyroidea and major vessels. The observational period comprised one year. PDT was performed in 28 patients. RESULTS: Implementation of PDT was uneventful. Duration of insertion was 10 min (4-40 min). Total time of tracheostomy was 8 days (1-65 days). In nine cases, the proximal end of the isthmus was overlying the space between the 1st and 2nd tracheal ring, which was considered the optimal insertion site. This resulted in seven cases of insertion between the cricoidea and the 1st tracheal ring and in two cases in a more distal insertion. Nineteen tracheotomies were performed in the interstice between the 1st and 2nd tracheal ring. In nine patients, major vessels were overlying the trachea. In none of the patients did this information result in an altered insertion site. Two cases of minor bleeding were observed; both stopped upon compression. In two patients the primary tube size (8.0) was too big and a smaller tube had to be inserted. In one patient the tube was maladapted to the stoma and had to be interchanged with an ordinary tracheostomial tube on the 5th day of tracheostomy. CONCLUSION: Based on the experience gathered in this study and information from the literature, we have abandoned the routine use of ultrasonic examination of the neck prior to PDT. In order to achieve and maintain routine, we suggest that the procedure is performed by a restricted number of doctors.     

硫酸奈替米星注射液与硫酸丁胺卡那注射液临床疗效及安全性的比较

为评价硫酸奈替米星的临床疗效及安全性,在１７０例急性细菌感染性病人中作多中心临床研究。结果显示：硫酸奈替米星的有效率（９５．３％）显著高于对照药硫酸丁胺卡那的有效率（８４．１％）,试验组病人咳痰和腰痛症状的平均下降显著高于对照组;硫酸奈替米星治疗后细菌清除率达９７．２％;２组病人不良反应发生率均为４．８％,对照组中有２例（３．２％）出现耳鸣、１例（１．６％）听力减退,但试验组病人用药后未发现听力异常。结论：硫酸奈替米星临床疗效优于硫酸丁胺卡那且较少耳毒性。     

Use of a Calibration Balloon Tube to Size the Pouch and Channel in Gastroplasty Procedures

Gastroplasty is currently one of the most common surgical procedures performed on the morbidly obese for weight loss. An adequate result can be assured only if the pouch that is created is less than 30 ml and the channel that connects that pouch to the distal stomach is approximately 1 cm in diameter. The current method to size the pouch is to occlude the esophagus and the outlet of the pouch and to measure with a manometer through a naso-gastric tube. We contend this method is both time consuming and adds to the potential of complications. Through the use of a calibration balloon tube the size of the pouch can be quickly and safely estimated. It can also be used to size the channel between the pouch and the distal stomach and check for leaks. The technique of how this tube has been used over the past 6 years is described. By the use of a calibration balloon tube, three problem areas in gastric stapling surgery for morbid obesity are avoided, namely: inappropriate pouch size, inappropriate channel size and postoperative leaks.     

重组人表皮生长因子软膏对烧伤患者血清表皮生长因子浓度的影响

目的:观察不同深度、不同面积烧伤创面对局部外用重组人表皮生长因子(rhEGF)软膏的吸收作用以及对血清EGF浓度的影响。方法:选择烧伤患者41例,局部外用rhEGF软膏治疗,每日换药一次。浅Ⅱ°创面患者于用药前和用药第4,7天;深Ⅱ°创面于用药前和用药后第7,14天,分别取患者静脉血清,采用放射免疫分析法测定患者各时间点血清中EGF浓度。结果:rhEGF软膏在试验浓度范围内,无论用药面积大小和用药时间长短其血清EGF水平均无明显变化,各时间点用药前后EGF血药浓度无显著差异(P>0.05);血清EGF浓度与创面深度和用药面积无明显的相关性。结论:rhEGF软膏局部外用,通过创面吸收的量甚微,体内无蓄积现象。     

抗凝药物的临床应用及安全性评价

目的 :评价抗凝药物肝素和维生素K拮抗剂的临床应用及安全性。方法 :查阅国内外近期相关文献进行综述。结果与结论 :临床上多种血栓栓塞、缺血性疾病中应用肝素、维生素K拮抗剂等抗凝药物时 ,应注意根据患者个体情况 ,掌握剂量 ,防治各种可能发生的不良反应     

论环境安全视角下的我国灾害防治法制建设

当今社会正面临日趋严重且类型众多的灾害 ,构成生态环境安全的巨大威胁 ;各国大都注意发挥法制手段在灾害防治中不可替代的作用 ;我国系多灾国家 ,在减灾法治方面虽取得一定成就 ,但总体上还比较薄弱 ,加强该领域的法制建设有其必然性与重要意义 ;从我国环境安全保障角度及国际经验的比较来看 ,完善我国减灾法制建设的基本工作 ,涉及到减灾法制体系的理论研究、立法模式的选择及充实的方向、行政体制的理顺及执法司法功能的强化诸方面