rt-PA静脉溶栓与直接冠脉支架术治疗急性心肌梗塞的对比观察

目的 比较rt-PA静脉溶栓与直接冠状动脉支架术治疗急性心肌梗塞(AMI)的近期临床效果.方法 238例AMI患者中,130例行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,108例行直接冠状动脉支架置入术,观察30天.结果 溶栓组中梗塞相关动脉(IRA)临床评价再通者102例,再通率78.5%:直接冠脉支架组术后IRA血流达Ⅱ-Ⅲ达100%.随访1个月,溶栓组和直接冠脉支架组病死率分别为4.3%和0.9%P>0.05);再缺血事件发生率分别为18.5%和0.9%(P<0.05);出血并发症发生率分别为14.6%和1.9%(P<0.05);溶栓组的左室射血分数(LVEF)为52.3±8.0,直接支架组为63.3±9.2(P<0.05).结论 直接冠状动脉支架术治疗AMI与rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗相比具有较高的IRA的再通率和良好的近期预后.     

Sixty-Minute Alteplase Protocol: A New Accelerated Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Regimen for Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objectives. Our aim was to design and evaluate a new and easily administered recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) regimen for thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) based on established pharmacokinetic data that improve the reperfusion success rate.

Background. Rapid restoration of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow is a primary predictor of mortality after thrombolysis in AMI. However, TIMI grade 3 patency rates 90 min into thrombolysis of only 50% to 60% indicate an obvious need for improved thrombolytic regimens.

Methods. Pharmacokinetic simulations were performed to design a new rt-PA regimen. We aimed for a plateau tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) plasma level similar to that of the first plateau of the Neuhaus regimen. These aims were achieved with a 20-mg rt-PA intravenous (i.v.) bolus followed by an 80-mg i.v. infusion over 60 min (regimen A). This regimen was tested in a consecutive comparative trial in 80 patients versus 2.25 10⁶ IU of streptokinase/60 min (B), and 70 mg (C) or 100 mg (D) of rt-PA over 90 min. Subsequently, a confirmation trial of regimen A in 254 consecutive patients was performed with angiographic assessment by independent investigators of patency at 90 min.

Results. The comparative phase of the trial yielded, respectively, TIMI grade 3 and total patency (TIMI grades 2 and 3) of 80% and 85% (regimen A), 35% and 50% (B), 50% and 55% (C) and 60% and 70% (D). In the confirmation phase of the trial, regimen A yielded 81.1% TIMI grade 3 and 87.0% total patency. At follow-up angiography 7 (4.1%) of 169 vessels had reoccluded. In-hospital mortality rate was 1.2%. Nadir levels of fibrinogen, plasminogen and alpha₂-antiplasmin were 3.6 ± 0.8 mg/ml, 60 ± 21% and 42 ± 16%, respectively (mean ± SD). Fifty-seven patients (22.4%) suffered from bleeding; 3.5% needed blood transfusions.

Conclusions. The 60-min alteplase thrombolysis in AMI protocol achieved a TIMI grade 3 patency rate of 81.1% at 90 min with no indication of an increased bleeding hazard; it was associated with a 1.2% overall mortality rate. These results are substantially better than those reported from all currently utilized regimens. Head to head comparison with established thrombolytic regimens in a large-scale randomized trial is warranted.     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活药静脉溶栓治疗发病4.5 h内急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性

 目的 观察重组组织型纤溶酶原激活药(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗发病4.5 h内急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法 选择2012-07至2016-09武警北京总队医院收治的发病在4.5 h内急性脑梗死患者81例,根据患者及家属意愿分为溶栓组和对照组,溶栓组 58 例给予rt-PA 0.9 mg/kg静脉溶栓;对照组23 例采用抗血小板聚集药物等治疗;比较溶栓和常规治疗前和治疗后24 h、7 d及14 d 美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表 (NIHSS) 评分并记录不良反应。结果 溶栓组治疗后 24 h、7 d 及 14 d 时,NIHSS 评分较溶栓前及对照组均明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。溶栓组临床总有效率为86.21％,对照组为52.17％。溶栓组脑出血发生率为10.34％,其中症状性脑出血发生率3.45％;对照组脑出血发生率8.69％,其中症状性脑出血发生率4.35％。溶栓组和对照组病死率分别为5.17%和8.69％,差别无统计学意义(P=0.587)。结论 急性脑梗死患者4.5 h 内给予rt-PA 静脉溶栓治疗较常规治疗有效。     

羟乙基淀粉联合阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的探讨阿替普酶(rt-PA)静脉溶栓后继续应用羟乙基淀粉治疗急性脑梗死患者的疗效。方法治疗组27例急性脑梗死患者给予rt-PA(0.9 mg/kg)溶栓联合羟乙基淀粉500 ml静脉滴注治疗;对照组27例脑梗死患者采用rt-PA(0.9mg/kg)溶栓治疗。比较两组患者治疗前,治疗后1h、8h、24h、14d美国国立研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及治疗14 d后的脑卒中神经功能缺损评分。结果治疗组患者治疗的NIHSS评分及脑卒中神经功能缺损评分明显优于对照组(<0.01)。结论 rt-PA联合羟乙基淀粉对急性缺血性脑卒中的治疗作用明显。     

小剂量rt-PA快速给药30 min与60 min治疗急性心肌梗死疗效观察

目的旨在为临床在应用rtPA溶栓方面找到一个更好更安全的方案。方法通过比较小剂量50mgrtPA30min与60min快速给药治疗急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者的效果89例,随机分为两组:rtPA30min给药和60min给药,比较两组患者临床疗效、冠脉再通率、心脏事件发生率、并发症以及急性期病死率。结果30min给药组再通率高达84.7%,与60min给药组比较患者临床症状改善和冠状动脉再通率均差异有显著性,梗死后心绞痛、再灌流心律失常发生率明显降低,出血并发症没有增加(P<0.05)。结论小剂量rtPA30min治疗AMI是安全可靠有应用价值值得推广的方法。     

大剂量人体白蛋白和硫酸镁对溶栓后脑组织的保护与促进修复作用

目的 评价rt-PA溶栓治疗联合大剂量人体白蛋白与硫酸镁延长溶栓时间窗的可能性和可靠性.方法 健康雄性成年SD大鼠40只,对血栓法建立的急性大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞(MACO)模型随机分为4组.A组:缺血3 h,rt-PA单纯溶栓(对照组,10只);B组:缺血6 h,rt-PA单纯溶栓(10只);C组:缺血6 h,rt-PA溶栓 人体白蛋白(10只);D组:缺血6 h,rt-PA溶栓 人体白蛋白 硫酸镁(10只).rt-PA(10 mg/kg)与20%人体白蛋白(2.5 g/kg)分别从大鼠股静脉缓慢注入,人体白蛋白在脑缺血3 h开始注射,1 h内完成;5%硫酸镁溶液(500 mg/kg)在脑缺血3 h和18 h自腹腔注射.于治疗前、治疗后24 h、7 d、14 d行MRI检查,在治疗14 d MRI检查结束后立即处死,行病理学检查(包括光镜、电镜和免疫组化)、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检查.结果 ①溶栓治疗后14 d与治疗前比较,A、B、C、D 4组中脑梗死体积分别缩小5.07%、2.58%、10.18%和35.40%,以D组缩小最为明显.②4组间梗死边缘区相对脑血流量(rCBV)在4个时间段分别比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).③4组中大鼠的生存时间以D组最长,以B组最短,4组之间存活时间比较差异无统计学意义(F=0.188,P=0.904).④激光扫描共聚焦显微镜显示C组、D组脑梗死边缘区微血管轻度扩张,有少量、局限的荧光物质渗出,较B组明显减少.⑤免疫组化显示C组与D组脑梗死边缘区胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)增生活跃,与B组比较增生层较厚且密集.⑥电镜结果显示C组、D组神经元核形态基本正常,线粒体轻度肿胀.星形细胞足板轻度空泡化,较B组损害程度轻.结论 rt-PA溶栓治疗联合人体白蛋白、硫酸镁明显缩小脑梗死体积,提高脑梗死边缘区rCBV速率,促进星形细胞增生.研究表明rt-PA溶栓治疗联合大剂量人体白蛋白、硫酸镁,能有效地延长溶栓时间窗,可以延长至脑缺血 6 h内.     

神经介入联合rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床研究

目的 探讨神经介入联合rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效.方法 306例缺血性脑卒中患者随机分为两组各153例,对照组采用rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,实验组采用神经介入联合rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,比较两组的治疗效果.结果 实验组的治疗总有效率高于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗后,实验组的hs-CRP、S100β、N...     

Accelerated Thrombolysis Facilitated by Direct Puncture of Occluded Prosthetic Femoral Grafts

Inability to access occluded grafts is a major limitation to successful thrombolysis and may even preclude it. This paper addresses the problem and offers a new technique of direct puncture of prosthetic grafts through which thrombolysis and angioplasty can be performed. These techniques resulted in accelerated thrombolysis in all 15 patients studied with no failures due to inability to attain graft access.     

Effect of continued rt-PA administration on the residual stenosis after initially successful recanalization in acute myocardial infarction - a quantitative coronary angiography study of a randomized trial

Quantitative angiography was performed in 68 out of 123 patientstreated with intravenous rt-PA for acute myocardial infarction.At 90 min angiography, the median minimal cross-sectional areawas 1.11 mm² and the median percentage area stenosis was 80%.A percentage area stenosis greater than 70% was seen in 78%of the patients. Patients with a patent infarct related artery at the first angiogramwere randomized to receive subsequent infusions either of rt-PA+ heparin or placebo + heparin. There was a persistent trendof improvement in minimal lumen diameter and percentage diameterstenosis of the residual stenosis in the infarct related arteryin both treatment groups when re-examined 6–24 hours laterand at the time of hospital discharge. A reduction in ‘plaquearea’, the area between the detected and the referencecontours of the infarct related segment, was more frequentlyseen in patients receiving a second infusion of rt-PA than inpatients with no prolonged thrombolytic therapy (83% versus57%, P<0.025, chi square).     

年龄 房颤 舒张压对急性缺血性脑卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓后出血转化的影响

目的 探究年龄、房颤和舒张压对急性缺血性脑卒中重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓后发生颅内出血转化的影响因素。方法 采用随机抽样的方法,选取2020年1月至2021年12月蚌埠市第三人民医院卒中中心收治的采用rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者92例,根据是否发生颅内出血分为出血组(n=20)和非出血组(n=72)。对两组患者的临床资料进行单因素分析,对存在统计学差异的变量(年龄、房颤和舒张压)进行二元logistic回归,构建临床预测方程,检测方程的区分度和校准度,利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析影响因素的预测效度,用分层回归分析差异变量舒张压在年龄和是否出血转化间的中介效应。结果 两组患者年龄、房颤和舒张压存在差异,二元logistic回归结果显示,年龄(OR=1.072,95%CI:1.007～1.142)、房颤(OR=12.980,95%CI:1.701～99.026)、舒张压(OR=1.076,95%CI:1.030～1.123)是rt-PA静脉溶栓后颅内出血的危险因素,ROC曲线分析显示,年龄[曲线下面积(AUC)=0.692,P=0.003,诊断界...